The Cerebellum: Brain for an Implicit Self (61 page)

convergence of climbing and parallel fibers,
32

induced inhibitory postsynaptic potentials,
30

inhibitory neurons,
30

input/output pathways of cerebellar cortex,
47-49

models for neuronal circuits,
92-94

synapses with parallel fibers,
70

synaptic plasticity,
81-83

Purkinje, Jan E.
,
27

reaching experiments, voluntary motor control
,
151-154

reaction time, voluntary motor control
,
151

readout neurons
,
100

rebound depolarization, cerebellar/vestibular nuclear neurons
,
85

rebound potentiation, Purkinje cells
,
83

recognition capacity, Purkinje cells
,
93-94

reconstruction, neuronal circuits
,
1-7

reflexes
,
12

compounding,
15

hybrid control,
13-14

integration of,
13-18

compounded reflexes
,
14

half-fused control systems
,
13

hybrid control
,
13

imitation hypothesis
,
17

multi-input control systems
,
13

mutual interactions
,
14

nesting
,
16

neuromodulation
,
16

ocular,
105

adaptive control system models
,
139-145

cerebellar control
,
117

OFR (Ocular Following Response)
,
116

OKR (Optokinetic Eye-Movement Response)
,
113-115

saccades
,
117-120

VOR (Vestibuloocular Reflex)
,
105-113

prototypes of adaptive control,
146-149

somatic and autonomic

adaptive control system models
,
147-148

eye-blink conditioning
,
132-136

locomotion
,
128-132

nociceptive withdrawal reflex
,
127-128

stretch reflex
,
121-127

sympathetic,
136-138

transition from reflex control to voluntary,
176-179

research for the future

conjunctive LTD,
205-207

development,
211-212

evolution in cerebellar circuits,
208-209

internal models,
208

IO function,
207

motor actions,
209-210

nuclear memory,
208

respiration, cerebellar involvement
,
137-138

reversible neurotransmission blocking (RNB)
,
136

right-left transversal lobular structure
,
23

RNB (reversible neurotransmission blocking)
,
136

Robinson
, David,
39

Rolando
, Luigi,
26

Rosenblatt
, Frank,
8

rostral spinocerebellar tract
,
62

saccades

adaptive control system models,
146-147

eye movement,
117-120

frontal eye field,
163-164

Salishan Lodge symposium
,
32

schemas (Piaget)
,
20

schizophrenic patients, prism distortion
,
202

selection process, basal ganglia
,
210-211

self-monitoring, motor actions
,
189-190

sensory cancellation
,
178-180
,
189-190

sensory signals
,
172-174

serial reaction time, voluntary motor control
,
151

serotonin, Lugaro cell sensitivity to
,
56

serum response factor (SRF)
,
89

signal transduction pathways (conjunctive LTD)
,
71

AMPA receptors,
74-75

brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF),
80

c-Fos/Jun-B,
79

Ca
²⁺
surge in Purkinje cell dendrites,
71-74

Ca
²⁺
/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII),
78

glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP),
79

glutamate receptor d2 (GluR d2),
76-77

insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1),
80

Nitric oxide (NO) synthase,
75-76

PKCα and lipid-signaling cascade,
74

protein phosphatases,
78

protein tyrosine kinases,
77

silent synapses
,
86-87

simple perceptron model network
,
8

simple reaction time, voluntary motor control
,
151

Smith Predictor
,
169

smooth pursuit, frontal eye field
,
160-162

SNARE proteins
,
82

social interaction, parallels to motor control
,
196

somatic reflexes

adaptive control system models,
147-148

eye-blink conditioning,
132-136

locomotion,
128-132

nociceptive withdrawal reflex,
127-128

stretch reflex,
121-127

somatosympathetic reflex
,
137

sources, voluntary motor control instruction signals
,
157-158

spike discharges
, locomotion,
130

spinal neural control mechanisms, muscle contractions
,
123

spinal reflex circuitry
,
2-4

spindle II muscle afferent, stretch reflex
,
121-123

spine configuration, synaptic plasticity
,
86

spinocerebellum
,
23

split-belt treadmill locomotion
,
132

SRF (serum response factor)
,
89

stabilization-by-selection mechanism, basal ganglia
,
210-211

stellate cells
,
51-53
,
83

storage capacity, Purkinje cells
,
92

straight cells (inferior olive complex)
,
64

stretch reflex
,
12
,
121-127

structure-function relationships, neuronal circuits
,
1-21

subtrigeminal nuclei (lateral reticular nucleus)
,
62

subtypes, synaptic plasticity
,
81

basket/stellate cells,
83

cerebellar cortical synapses,
84

cerebellar/vestibular nuclear neurons,
84-85

persistency,
86-87

Purkinje cells,
81-83

supplementary eye field
,
165

sympathetic reflexes
,
136-138

synapses
,
7-8

synaptic plasticity
,
81

basket/stellate cells,
83

cerebellar cortical synapses,
84

cerebellar/vestibular nuclear neurons,
84-85

conjunctive LTD (long-term depression),
205-206

properties
,
69-71

signal transduction pathways
,
71-80

as memory element in neuronal circuits,
33-35

persistency,
86-87

protein synthesis,
88-89

Purkinje cells,
81-83

synthase, conjunctive LTD
,
75-76

systems control mechanisms (CNS)
,
9

cognitive functions,
19-20

feedback control systems,
10

intelligence and conscious awareness,
20-21

model-based control systems,
10-11

reflexes,
12-18

voluntary movements,
12-13
,
18-19