The Cerebellum: Brain for an Implicit Self (59 page)

modular selection and identification for control (MOSAIC)
,
175

morphological map
,
22-25

MOSAIC (modular selection and identification for control)
,
175

mossy fiber-granule cell relay (neuronal circuit network model)
,
90-92

mossy fiber-granule cell synapses
,
84

mossy fibers

cells of origin,
60-63

input/output pathways of cerebellar cortex,
44-45

motoneurons, stretch reflex
,
121

motor actions

action schema,
183-184

cerebellar roles,
185-187

future research,
209-210

mirror neurons,
187-189

model-based control,
184

premotor cortex action controllers,
181-182

sensory cancellation,
189-190

tools,
190-192

voluntary movements,
18-19

motor control

parallels to social interaction,
196

voluntary,
150

hand grip
,
154-156

instruction signals
,
157-158

internal models
,
167-180

load compensation
,
150

multijoint arm movements
,
151-154

operant conditioning
,
156-157

reaction time
,
151

motor learning, conjunctive LTD
,
206-207

motor schema
,
183-184

motor signals, forward/inverse models
,
172-174

motor skills
,
25-27

MST (medial superior temporal area)
,
116

MT (middle temporal area)
,
116

multi-input reflex
,
13-14

multicompartmental model, recognition capacity of Purkinje cells
,
93

multijoint arm movements, voluntary motor control
,
151-154

multilayered network models, neuronal circuits
,
99-101

multiplicity, synaptic plasticity
,
81

basket/stellate cells,
83

cerebellar cortical synapses,
84

cerebellar/vestibular nuclear neurons,
84-85

Purkinje cells,
81-83

muscle afferents
,
121

muscle contractions
,
123

mutism
,
201

mutual interactions, integration of reflexes
,
14

myotatic reflexes
,
124

N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive fusion (NSF)
,
82

N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors

activation,
84

mediation of mossy fiber-granule cell synapses,
45

mediation of parallel fiber input to Golgi cells,
54

negative feedback systems
,
41

negative force feedback hypothesis, muscle contractions
,
123

negative length feedback hypothesis, muscle contractions
,
123

neocerebellum
,
193

neocortex
,
2

nesting reflexes
,
16

network models

neuronal circuits,
8-9
,
90

granule cell-Golgi cell loop
,
94-97

inferior olive-climbing fiber system
,
97-99

mossy fiber-granule cell relay
,
90-92

multilayered network models
,
99-101

Purkinje cell models
,
92-94

nuclear circuits,
101-102

neural circuits

cognitive functions,
193-195

eye-blink reflex,
132-136

reflexes

myotatic reflex
,
124-126

nociceptive withdrawal reflex
,
127

stretch reflex
,
121-127

sympathetic reflexes,
136-138

somatosympathetic reflex
,
137

vestibulosympathetic reflex
,
136-137

neural integrator, VOR (Vestibuloocular Reflex)
,
107

neural networks
,
8-9

neurobiotin
,
64

neurocomputer (neuron assembly)
,
9

neuromodulation
,
16

neuronal circuits
,
1

concluding thoughts,
204-205

decomposition and reconstruction,
1-7

input and output pathways,
44

beaded fibers
,
50

climbing fibers
,
49-50

granule cells
,
45-46

mossy fibers
,
44-45

Purkinje cells
,
47-49

unipolar brush cells
,
46-47

network models,
90

granule cell-Golgi cell loop
,
94-97

inferior olive-climbing fiber system
,
97-99

mossy fiber-granule cell relay
,
90-92

multilayered network models
,
99-101

Purkinje cell models
,
92-94

neurons and synapses,
7-8

pre- and postcerebellar cortex neurons,
60

cells of origin of beaded fibers
,
66

cells of origin of mossy fibers
,
60-63

cerebellar nuclear neurons
,
67-68

contralateral inferior olive complex
,
63-65

preolivary nuclei
,
65-66

vestibular nuclear neurons
,
68

revealing mechanisms through reconstruction,
4

structure-function relationships,
1-21

synaptic plasticity as memory element,
33-35

voluntary eye movement,
159

DMFC (dorsomedial frontal cortex)
,
165-166

frontal eye field
,
159-165

voluntary motor control,
150

hand grip
,
154-156

instruction signals
,
157-158

load compensation
,
150

multijoint arm movements
,
151-154

operant conditioning
,
156-157

reaction time
,
151

VOR adaptation,
110-111

neuronal machine
, history,
29

adaptive control,
38-40

cognitive functions,
43

discoveries in the 1960s,
29-30

internal models,
41-42

LTD (long-term depression),
35-37

Marr-Albus model,
33-35

neurons
,
7-8

assembly,
8-9

brainstem,
68

Deiters,
126

DSCT (dorsal spinocerebellar tract),
60-62

excitatory,
29

granule cells,
45-46

inhibitory,
29

basket/stellate cells
,
51-53

Bergmann glial cells
,
57-58

Golgi cells
,
53-55

Lugaro cells
,
55-56

small globular cells in granular layer
,
56-57

IO,
97-99

mirror,
187-189

orexinergic,
66

pre- and postcerebellar cortex,
60

cells of origin of beaded fibers
,
66

cells of origin of mossy fibers
,
60-63

cerebellar nuclear neurons
,
67-68