The Origins of the British: The New Prehistory of Britain (90 page)

colonization
143
,
144

Danish gene matches
451

Himilco on
37
,
40

Iberian influence
437

Irish links
84–5

Mesolithic in
157–8

Neolithic intrusions
230
,
234
,
241
,
243

Pictish in
71

pre-Viking ponies
278–80

Scandinavian settlement
459–61

Scotti
85

Scottish Gaelic

and Gaulish
98

as Pictish replacement
81
,
82
,
84

Scythia
82
,
217

sea levels

after LGM
143
,
147
,
157

after Younger Dryas
146
,
155
,
167

during LGM
115

Semitic languages
249–50

Senones
46

Shetland
456–61

ship burials
394–6
,
445

Sims-Williams, Patrick
85
,
321
,
324
,
326
,
327
,
335

Skara Brae
198

Skye
461

Smith, Colin
324

Snettisham
12

Snorri Sturlusson
387
,
388
,
389
,
391

Solutrean culture
125

southern England

few Anglo-Saxon matches
439–40

Mesolithic in
160

Neolithic intrusions
308

post-Roman illiteracy
380–1

Spain

celtic in
34

Celts in
63
,
64
,
65

Irish link
87
,
90
,
101

metal industries
111

Welsh link
69

‘staged parallel mixing’
417

Stone Age

cultures within
125

types of
55

stone circles
255–8

stone monuments
199

stone tool typology
55

stone tools

Cresswellian
120

flint blades
159

flint spear/arrow points
125

Ice Age finds
117

microliths
156

perforated axes
260

polished axes
199

Stonehenge
162
,
256
,
258
,
267–9

Strabo

on appearance of people from England
11
,
311

on Celts
40–1
,
43–4
,
49
,
65

STRs (single tandem repeat sequences)
138–9
,
140–1
,
419
,
443

Suessiones
317
,
320
,
322

Sutton Hoo
394–6
,
445

Sweden
393

T1 mtDNA group
212
,
218
,
219

Tacitus

on Belgic/Germanic tribes
318
,
320

on British
11–12
,
311–13

on British-Belgic language
313

on common language
12

on Welsh–Spanish link
67
,
69

West German division
343

Tambets, Kristiina
182

teeth, evidence from
268

Thames, River
448

Thierry, Amédée
51–2

timber circles
256
,
258–9

tin
36
,
41
,
69
,
104
,
273

Torroni, Antonio
182

Toth, Alfred
110
,
299–300

trade

England–Continent
16

and La Coruña
76

Neolithic
104

and Scandinavia
264

stone materials
161

tin
36
,
41
,
69
,
104
,
273

Trans-Alpine Gaul
61

Trans-Caucasus
126
,
188

transport
255

TRB
see
funnel-necked-beakers;
Trichterbecherkultur
(TRB) pottery

Treveri
318
,
320
,
322

Tribal Hidage
396–7

Trichterbecherkultur
(TRB) pottery
253

Trondheim
195
,
437
,
455

Tuatha Dé Danann
101

Turkey
5
,
212

U mtDNA group
126

U3 mtDNA group
212
,
218
,
219

Ukraine
117
,
183
,
189

Umbrian dialect
89

United States
72

Upper Palaeolithic
164

Ussher, Bishop
51

V mtDNA group
124

Vasconic language
249

Venerable Bede

on ‘Angle invasion’
10

Veneti
48

Venneman, Thomas
39–40
,
84
,
369–71

Vennemann, Thomas
249–51

Vera (Pre-V) mtDNA group
126
,
127–9
,
181–2

Viereck, Wolfgang
407
,
409
,
410

Vikings

Danish
195
,
450–1
,
480

established colony links
480

genocide theory
461

invasions of Britain
195
,
233

migration levels
485–6

naming of
444–5

Norman link
467

Norwegian
446–8
,
455–6
,
480

Shetland re-expansion
456–61

Volcae Tectosages
48

Vortigern, King
365
,
468

Wales

celtic language in
59
,
80
,
109

English–Welsh divide
4
,
69
,
301
,
405–7
,
413–16

Iberian influence
12
,
270–1
,
308
,
437
,
473–4
,
476

metal mining
104
,
111
,
268–70

Neolithic intrusion
474
,
476

post-LGM colonization
144

Watchfield
373–4

Watkin, Morgan
406
,
417

‘wave of advance theory’
288–9

Weale, Michael
413–16
,
430
,
437

weapons

Armorican bronze axes
273

Ballintober swords
273
,
276

Carp’s tongue swords
273

‘Celtic’ assumption
54–5

flint spear/arrow points
125

Grundlingen swords
276

Hemigkofen swords
276

Iron Age
7

Welch, David
97
,
293

Welsh language

as Brythonic
70
,
96

Cumbric link
71
,
72

Gaulish link
87
,
89
,
98

as P-celtic
89

Welsh (Silures)
12
,
69

Welsh tribes
80
,
81

Wessex

Bronze Age cultures
248
,
271

cultural continuity
404

henges/grooved ware
258–60

Neolithic
272

West Germanic languages
341–3

Western Europe

language vs gene flow
296–7

recolonization
124

Western Isles
461
,
480

wheeled vehicles
255

William, Duke of Normandy
464
,
468

Wilson, Jim
418

Winchester MS
393

Woden/Odin

cult of
390–1

descendants of
389

king list convergence
386–7
,
390

Wuffa, king
393–4

Y chromosome

Anglo-Saxon intrusions
15
,
438–9

Atlantic Celts
5–7