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29
Carroll,
Edge of Empires
, pp. 100–1.
30
Ibid., p. 95.
31
TNA, CO 448/34, letter from Sir Robert Ho Tung to Sir Ronald Waterhouse KCB, 12 January 1927.
32
Ibid., letter from Sir Ronald Waterhouse to J. A. P. Edgcumbe, 8 February 1927; letter from E. H. Howell to Sir Gilbert Grindle, 21 October 1927; note by G. Grindle, 10 February 1927.
33
Maugham, W. Somerset,
The Painted Veil
, London, 1925, new edn 2001.
34
Gillingham, Paul,
At the Peak: Hong Kong between the Wars
, Hong Kong, 1983, pp. 23–8.
35
Carroll,
Edge of Empires
, pp. 132–4.
36
Gillingham,
At the Peak
, p. 79.
37
Ibid., p. 28.
38
Ibid., pp. 45–6.
39
TNA, CO 129/555/10, letter from W. J. Southorn to H. R. Cowell, 3 January 1936.
40
TNA, CO 129/533/10, note on the legal and practical position of brothels in Hong Kong by Chief Justice Sir Joseph Kemp, 16 May 1931; letter from Clementi to Wilson, 19 September 1931. This letter was written when Clementi had moved to Singapore.
41
TNA, CO 850/63/20, letter from the Governor to Philip Cunliffe-Lister, Secretary of State for the Colonies, 3 May 1935.
42
Ibid.
Chapter 17: Democracy Postponed
1
Quoted in Blake, Robert,
Jardine Matheson: Traders of the Far East
, London, 1999, p. 240.
2
TNA, CO 129/592/8, ‘Future Policy in Hong Kong', telegram from Washington to London, 26 August 1945.
3
Ibid., letter from the China Association to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, 4 April 1945.
4
TNA, CO 968/98/6, ‘Treatment of Sir Mark Young as a Prisoner of War in Japanese Hands', letter from Sir Mark Young to the Colonial Office, 12 December 1945.
5
TNA, CO 527/1651, ‘1946 Reforms', letter from Hazlerigg to the Colonial Office, 18 November 1946.
6
DNB
.
7
TNA, CO 527/1651, ‘1946 Reforms', letter from Sir Mark Young to Arthur Creech Jones, Secretary of State for the Colonies, 22 October 1946.
8
TNA, CO 1023/41, ‘Constitutional Reforms',
Far Eastern Economic Review
, ‘Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong', 4 September 1952.
9
Grantham, A.,
Via Ports: From Hong Kong to Hong Kong
, Hong Kong, 1965, pp. 111, 105.
10
TNA, CO 1023/41, extract from
Far Eastern Economic Review
, ‘Speech by Mr Percy Chen', 6 November 1952.
11
Ibid., letter from J. B. Sidebottom to C. H. Johnston, 19 March 1952; telegram from Hong Kong (A. Grantham) to the Colonial Office, 26 June 1952; Cabinet memorandum by the Secretary of State for the Colonies, ‘Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong', [n.d.] September 1952.
12
Ibid.,
The Times
, 16 October 1953;
China Mail
, 16 October 1953.
13
Ibid.,
South China Morning Post
, 16 October 1953.
14
Ibid., Cassidy, P.S., ‘Asian Affairs', 31 July 1953.
15
Ibid., explanatory note by J. B. Johnston, 14 November 1953; telegram from Oliver Lyttelton, Secretary of State for the Colonies, to Alexander Grantham, 11 December 1953.
16
Grantham,
Via Ports
, pp. 107, 112.
17
Details of the entire Douthwaite–Dalton case are found in TNA, CO 1023/227, ‘Trial of British Soldiers: Douthwaite and Dalton in Hong Kong'.
18
TNA, CO 1023/41, P. S. Cassidy, ‘Asian Affairs', 31 July 1952.
19
TNA, CO 1030/899, ‘The Drug Problem in Hong Kong 1957–59'; broadcast appeal by P. C. M. Sedgwick, 12 November 1959.
20
Schenk, Catherine,
Hong Kong as International Financial Centre: Emergence and Development 1945–65
, London, 2001, p. 25.
21
Buckley, Roger,
Hong Kong: The Road to 1997
, Cambridge, 1997, pp. 17, 48.
22
Standard
(Hong Kong), ‘Farewell Hong Kong Chauvinist', 31 January 2006.
23
Ibid.;
Daily Telegraph
, obituary of John Cowperthwaite, 25 January 2006.
24
Friedman, Milton and Rose,
Two Lucky People: Memoirs
, Chicago, 1998, pp. 316, 318.
25
Alex Singleton, obituary of John Cowperthwaite,
Guardian
, 8 February 2006.
26
Friedman and Friedman,
Two Lucky People
, p. 318.
27
Standard
(Hong Kong), 31 January 2006.
28
Ibid.
29
The Times
, obituary of John Cowperthwaite, 3 February 2006.
30
Schenk,
Hong Kong
, p. 3.
31
Fenby, Jonathan,
The Penguin History of Modern China: The Fall and Rise of a Great Power 1850–2009
, London, 2009, p. 376.
32
TNA, FO 371/175888, ‘Future of Hong Kong', letter from Robert Black to Hilton Poynton, Colonial Office, 29 January 1964.
33
TNA, CO 1030/1300, ‘Future of Hong Kong', letter from Robert Black to Hilton Poynton, Colonial Office, 30 October 1962.
34
TNA, FO 371/175912, ‘Possibility of HM Queen visiting Hong Kong; Chinese Reaction', letter from T. W. Garvey, British Embassy in Beijing, to C. M. MacLehose, Foreign Office, dated 2 June 1964; telegram from Garvey to the Foreign Office, 16 December 1964.
35
TNA, FO 371/175888,
Pravda
, 27 May 1964, ‘The Ill Fame of Hong Kong', quoted in letter from Garvey to Murray MacLehose, 2 June 1964.
36
Ibid.
37
Cottrell, Robert,
The End of Hong Kong
, London, 1993, pp. 29–30, 32.
38
TNA, FCO 21/196, ‘Hong Kong Political Affairs: General Situation and Policy', telegram from Sir David Trench to the Secretary of State for the Commonwealth Office, 19 May 1967.
39
Ibid.
40
TNA, FCO 21/205, ‘Hong Kong, Political Affairs, Chinese Attitude Towards',
People's Daily
, 7 August 1967, quoted in telegram from Beijing to the Foreign Office, 7 August 1967;
People's Daily
, 10 October 1967, quoted in telegram from Beijing to the Foreign Office, 11 October 1967.
41
TNA, T 317/902, ‘Possible Economic Effect on the UK of the Disturbances in Hong Kong, 1967', memorandum by the Treasury for the Cabinet Defence and Overseas Policy Committee, 29 August 1967; T 317/903.
42
TNA, T 317/903, ‘Possible Economic Effect on the UK of the Disturbances in Hong Kong, 1967', letter from A. Mackay to D. F. Hubback, 14 September 1967.
43
Ibid., memorandum by A. Mackay, 4 September 1967.
44
Ibid.
45
Ibid.
46
TNA, FCO 21/196, ‘Hong Kong Political Affairs: General Situation and Policy', draft notes for use of the Secretary of State in Cabinet on Thursday 14 December 1967.
47
Ibid., ‘Hong Kong Political Affairs: General Situation and Policy', Special Branch Hong Kong Police Report, 15 January 1968, pp. 7–8.
48
Ibid., p. 12.
49
Ibid., Special Branch Hong Kong Police Report, 5 March 1968, pp. 15, 26–7.
50
TNA, CO 1023/41, ‘Note of a meeting in Mr Raskin's rooms at 11am February 1952 to discuss “Constitutional Reform in Hong Kong”'.
51
Ibid., ‘Brief for the Secretary of State on the Hong Kong Constitution', 15 May 1952.
52
TNA, FO 371/175888, ‘Future of Hong Kong', letter from A. H. Poynton to Robert Black, 13 January 1964.
Chapter 18: Red Dawn
1
DNB
.
2
Cottrell, Robert,
The End of Hong Kong
, London, 1993, p. 32.
3
TNA, T 317/1775, ‘Future of Hong Kong', memorandum by J. P. L. Gwynn, 12 April 1972.
4
Ibid., memorandum by H. S. Lee for the Defence and Overseas Policy Committee, [n.d.] January 1973.
5
Ibid., letter from J. E. Hansford to M. C. Scholar, 14 April 1972.
6
Yahuda, Michael,
Hong Kong: China's Challenge
, London, 1996, p. 48.
7
Buckley, Roger,
Hong Kong: The Road to 1997
, Cambridge, 1997, p. 87.
8
Standard
(Hong Kong), 1 June 2006.
9
Buckley,
Hong Kong
, pp. 87–9.
10
Keay, John,
Last Post: The End of Empire in the Far East
, London, 1997, p. 85.
11
TNA, FCO 40/617, letter from Robert Hughes MP to Ian Mikardo MP, 7 December 1973.
12
Ibid., ‘Discussions with Governor of Hong Kong during visit to UK', 8–11 April 1975, record of conversation between the Foreign Secretary and the
Governor of Hong Kong, 11 April 1975; record of meeting with Goronwy Roberts, 9 April 1975.
13
TNA, FCO 40/711, ‘Discussions with MacLehose', visit by the Governor 19–24 July 1976.
14
TNA, FCO 40/764, ‘Policy of UK on status of Hong Kong', general brief on Hong Kong, September 1977.
15
TNA, FCO 40/617.
16
TNA, FCO 40/957, ‘The Future of Hong Kong', letter from John Gingell to David Owen, 13 September 1978; ‘Note on letter from the Bishop of Derby's Industrial Adviser', 9 October 1978.
17
TNA, FCO 40/937, ‘Representations of the Reform Club of Hong Kong', from Brook Bernacchi letter to David Owen, 5 January 1978; letter from J. A. B. Stewart to Denys Roberts, Chief Secretary of Hong Kong, 7 February 1978.
18
Ibid., letter from Denys Roberts to J. A. B. Stewart, 17 April 1978.
19
TNA, FCO 40/957, Dick Wilson, ‘Hong Kong losing its “Berlin complex”',
Financial Times
, 8 November 1978.
20
TNA, FCO 40/764, ‘Policy of UK on Status of Hong Kong', letter from D. C. Wilson to R. C. Samuel, 2 December 1977, quoting an article by Frank Ching in
Asian Wall Street Journal
, 25 November 1977.
21
TNA, FCO 21/1634, ‘Relations between Hong Kong and China', draft paper ‘Policy Towards Hong Kong in the 1980s' by W. E. Quantrill, dated November 1978, pp. 1, 5; note by R. J. Maclaren, 20 November 1978.
22
TNA, FO 973/119, ‘Pressure on Hong Kong Resources', [n.d.] September 1980.
23
Ibid.
24
Buckley,
Hong Kong
, p. 96.
25
Dimbleby, Jonathan,
The Last Governor
, London, 1997, p. 43.
26
Cottrell,
The End of Hong Kong
, p. 83.
27
Thatcher, Margaret,
The Downing Street Years
, London, 1993, p. 259.
28
Cottrell,
The End of Hong Kong
, p. 90.
29
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 261.
30
Ibid., p. 262.
31
TNA, CO 1030/1300, ‘Future of Hong Kong', letter from Robert Black to Sir Hilton Poynton, Colonial Office, 30 October 1962.
32
Thatcher,
The Downing Street Years
, p. 262.
33
Time
, 11 October 1982, ‘Countdown to a Crisis'.
34
Carroll, John M.,
A Concise History of Hong Kong
, Lanham, Maryland, 2007, p. 185.
35
Morris, Jan,
Hong Kong
, London, 1997, p. 201.
36
TNA, FCO 40/764, quoted from Dennis Duncannon,
Asian Affairs
, vol. VIII, part II, June 1977, p. 198.
37
Patten, Chris,
East and West
, London, 1998, p. 36.
38
Ibid., pp. 15–16.
39
Ibid., p. 25.
40
Cradock, Percy,
Experiences of China
, London, 1994, p. 224.
41
Ibid., p. 258.
42
Cottrell,
The End of Hong Kong
, p. 177.
43
Dimbleby,
The Last Governor
, p. 85.
44
Ibid., p. 90.
45
Cradock,
Experiences
, p. 251.
46
Time
, 14 March 2005, ‘Bow-Tied Bureaucrat'.
47
Carroll,
Edge of Empires
, p. 192.
Conclusion
1
Parliamentary Debates
, vol. 241, p. 1774, House of Lords debate, 18 July 1878.
2
Maugham, W. Somerset,
The Painted Veil
, London, 1925, new edn 2001, p. 8.
Bibliography
Manuscripts
The National Archives (TNA)
ADM 116
CAB 21
CAB 23
CAB 24
CAB 27
CAB 80
CO 129
CO 448
CO 527
CO 583
CO 730
CO 822
CO 850
CO 877
CO 879
CO 967
CO 968
CO 1023
CO 1030
FCO 21
FCO 25
FCO 29
FCO 38
FCO 39
FCO 40
FCO 51
FCO 54
FCO 55
FCO 65
FCO 67
FCO 93
FCO 403
FO 141
FO 371
FO 373
FO 403
FO 633
FO 973
FO 1090
PREM 11
PREM 13
PRO 30
T 317
 
Middle East Centre Archive, St Antony's College, Oxford (MECA)
Bell papers
Bowman papers
Cornwallis papers
Davies papers
MacMichael papers
Perowne papers
Sinderson papers
 
University of Warwick
BP Archive, University of Warwick

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