Ghosts of Empire (73 page)

Thatcher, Margaret,
The Downing Street Years
, London, 1993.

Thesiger, Wilfred,
The Life of my Choice
, London, 1987.

Thirkell White, Herbert,
A Civil Servant in Burma
, London, 1913.

Thomas, Graham F.,
From the Last of the Proconsuls: Letters from Sir James Robertson
, London, 1994.

——,
Sudan 1950–1985: Death of a Dream
, London, 1990.

——,
Sudan: Struggle for Survival
, London, 1993.

Tripp, Charles,
A History of Iraq
, Cambridge, 2000, 3rd edn 2007.

Tsang, Steve,
Governing Hong Kong: Administrative Officers from the Nineteenth Century to the Handover to China, 1862–1997
, London, 2007.

——,
A Modern History of Hong Kong
, London, 2004.

Vandeleur, Seymour,
Campaigning on the Upper Nile and Niger
, London, 1898.

Vansittart, Lord,
The Mist Procession: The Autobiography of Lord Vansittart
, London, 1958.

Wakhlu, Somnath,
Hari Singh: The Maharaja, the Man, the Times
, New Delhi, 2004.

Wakin, Edward,
Contemporary Political Leaders of the Middle East
, New York, 1996.

Warburg, Gabriel,
The Sudan under Wingate
, London, 1971.

Warikoo, K.,
Central Asia and Kashmir: A Study in the Context of Anglo-Russian Rivalry
, New Delhi, 1989.

Warner, Philip,
Kitchener: The Man behind the Legend
, London, 1985.

Wavell, Lord,
The Viceroy's Journal
, ed. Penderel Moon, London, 1973.

Wellesley, Dorothy,
Sir George Goldie, Founder of Nigeria: A Memoir
, London, 1934.

Wilson, A. T.,
Mesopotamia 1917–1920: A Clash of Loyalties. A Personal and Historical Record
, London, 1931.

Wingate, Sir Ronald,
Wingate of the Sudan
, London, 1955.

Wright, Lawrence,
The Looming Tower: Al Qaeda's Road to 9/11
, London, 2006.

Woodman, Dorothy,
The Making of Burma
, London, 1962.

Yahuda, Michael,
Hong Kong: China's Challenge
, London, 1996.

Yergin, Daniel,
The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money, and Power
, New York, 1991, 2nd edn 1992.

Younghusband, Francis,
Kashmir
, London, 1924.

Ziegler, Philip,
Mountbatten
, London, 1985.

While writing this book I have incurred many debts of obligation to scholars, friends and librarians. I would like to thank, in particular, the staff of the British Library and the National Archives, whose efficiency and good nature made the task of writing the book more pleasant. I am also grateful for the assistance provided by the highly professional staff at the BP Archive, based at the University of Warwick. Debbie Usher, the archivist at the Middle East Centre Archive at St Antony's College, Oxford, was also extremely helpful with the research I conducted at that excellent institution.

In addition, I am indebted to the generosity of my readers who were selflessly enthusiastic about reading specific chapters, adding many useful and instructive notes. Eugene Rogan was a meticulous reader for Iraq; David Washbrook helped with Kashmir; Michael Charney managed to send me some very detailed comments about Burma while on holiday in South East Asia; Cherry Leonardi, at the Sudan Archive in Durham, improved the chapters relating to that country; John Peel's remarks on Nigeria were scholarly and to the point; Rana Mitter, despite differences of opinion, was incredibly efficient and generous with his time in correcting some of my more basic mistakes on Hong Kong.

I would like to thank many friends who provided encouragement while I wrote the book. It would be invidious to mention everybody by name, but a special debt of gratitude is owed to Sarah Fitch, Henry Hitchings, Amber Rudd, Charles Steel, Rachel Wrangham and Alice Yates.

The production of a book like this necessarily involves a great deal of commitment from a number of professionals. Anna Simpson, amongst others at Bloomsbury, worked tirelessly on the editorial side. Peter James
lived up to his reputation as an exemplary copy editor. My editor, Michael Fishwick, always provided encouragement and support for a project which he believed in from the very beginning.

Lastly I would like to extend special thanks to my parents, to whom the book is dedicated, and to my agent, Georgina Capel, whose boundless energy and dauntless optimism sustained the project right through to its completion.

Abacha, Sani

Abba

Abd al-Ilah, Crown Prince

Abdul Hamid, Sultan

Abdullah, Khalifa

Abdullah, Sheikh

Abeokuta, Alake of

Abyssinia

Achebe, Chinua

Addis Ababa

Adichie, Chimamanda

Adisadel College

Admiralty

Adowa

Afghanistan

Afghans

Agadir crisis

Aguiyi-Ironsi, General Johnson

Ahmed, Jamal Mohammed

Aitchison, Sir Charles

Aitken, Jonathan

Ajaokuta

Ajmer

Akassa

Akintola, Samuel

al-Askari, Jafar Pasha

al-Azhair, Ismail

al-Bakr, Hassan

al-Bashir, Omar

al-Jadr, Sayid Adib

al-Mahdi, Sadiq

al-Pachachi, Adnan

al-Qasim, Abdul Karim

al-Rifa'i, Rashid

Al-Sabah family

al-Tikriti, Hardan

al-Turabi, Hassan

al-Wahhab, Mohammed ibn Abd

Alaungpaya, King of Burma

Alexander the Great

Alexander, General Sir Harold

Alexandria

Ali (cousin of Prophet)

Ali, Liaquat

Ali Dinar, Sultan

Aligarh University

Allahabad

Allenby, General Lord

All-India Kashmir Committee

Aly Khan, Prince

American Civil War

American Petroleum Institute

Amery, Leopold

Amritsar

anarchic individualism

Andaman Islands

Andrews, Chapman

Angeli, Heinrich von

Anglo-Persian Oil Company

Angola

Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League (AFPFL)

Apre, James Broom Walker

Arab revolt

Arabic

Arab–Israeli War

Arakan

Aramco

Argentina

Argyll, Duke of

Arif, Abdul Rahman

Arif, Abdul Salam

Armenia

Armenian Orthodox Church

Arthur, Captain C. W.

As-Said, Nuri

Asquith, Henry Herbert

athleticism

see also
sports

Attlee, Clement

Aung San

Aung San Suu Kyi

Austin, Warren

Australia

Ava

Ayutthaya

Azerbaijan

Azikiwe, Nnamdi

Ba'athists

Bach, J. S.

Baghdad

British Embassy

and Iraqi revolution

OPEC meeting

population

Presidential Palace

Baghdad Boar Hunt

Baghdad Pact

Baghdad Railway Company

Baker, Hermione

Baker, Sybil

Baker, Valentine

Baldwin, Stanley

Balewa, Sir Abubakar Tafawa

Balliol College, Oxford

Balzac, Honoré de

Banda, Hastings

Banerjee, Sir Albion

Bank of China

Baramullah

Barbados

Baring, Sir Evelyn,
see
Cromer, Lord

Barings

Baroda

Barretto, Jose

Basra

BBC

Beauclerk, Topham

Beggara tribesmen

Beijing (Peking)

Tiananmen Square massacre

Bell, Gertrude

Bello, Ahmadu,
see
Sokoto, Sardauna of

Bengal

Berlin–Baghdad railway

Berlin Conference

Bernacchi, Brook

Bernard, Charles

Berthelot, Marcellin

Bevin, Ernest

Bex

Bhamo

Biafra

Biddulph, Major General Sir Robert

bin Laden, Osama

Birkbeck College

Birkenhead, Earl of

Birmingham

Black, Robert

Blair, Tony

Blake, Sir Henry

Blenheim Palace

‘Blockhouse' system

Bo Swe

boarding schools,
see
public schools

Boardman, Tom

Boer War

Bombay

Bombay Burma Trading Corporation

Borden, Sir Robert

Bosman, Walter

Boswell, James

Botha, Louis

Bourdillon, Sir Bernard

Bowman, Humphrey

Boy Scouts

Brahmins (Pandits)

bridge

British Council

British East Africa

British Empire Exhibition

British Petroleum

Brittany

Broome Park estate

Brown, George

Browne, Major Edmond

Browne, General Horace

Bruce, Sir Arthur

Buchan, John

Bucher, General Sir Roy

Buckingham Palace

Buddha

Buddhism

Buddhist priests

Bulwer-Lytton, Edward

Burma

annexation of

Aung San and AFPFL

bank project

and British politics

civil war

climate and conditions

court etiquette

dacoit insurgency

elections

folk tales

hill tribes

independence day

Indian immigrants

Japanese occupation

military dictatorship

‘pacification' of

prisoner abuse

railway projects

religion and supernatural beliefs

ruby exports

Saya San rebellion

social structure

succession and massacres

and trade

troop surge

and women

Burma Field Force

Burma National Army

Burma Ruby Mines Company

Burma–Siam railway

Burmese army

Burton, Geoffrey

Cadman, Sir John

Cairo

‘forty thieves' conference

Calcutta

Callaghan, James

Cambodia

Camel Corps

Canada

Cannadine, David

Cannes

cannibalism

Canton

Cantonese

Carden, D. C.

Carleton, Billie

Carlyle, Thomas

Cassidy, P. S.

cavalry charges

Central Asian Society

Central School

Ceylon

Chad

Chamberlain, Joseph

Chamberlain, Sir Austen

Château du Grand Clos

Chen, Percy

Cheong Ahlum

chess

Chicago

Chin hills

China

and Biafra

and Burma

communist takeover

Cultural Revolution

mandarins

opium wars and seizure of Hong Kong

population

relationship with Hong Kong

rivalry with Soviet Union

Thatcher's visits

Tiananmen Square massacre

China Association

China Coast

Chinese National Petroleum Company

Chirac, Jacques

Christ Church, Oxford

Christ's College, Cambridge

Churchill, Lord Randolph

Churchill, Winston

and Battle of Omdurman

education

and fall of Singapore

and his father

and Iraq

and Kitchener

and ‘liquidation of empire'

and reading

Shakespearian rhetoric

Churchill, Winston (grandson)

CIA

City of London

Clark, Dr G. B.

class system

Clemenceau, Georges

Clementi, Sir Cecil

clergymen's sons

Clermont-Ganneau, Charles

Clifford, Sir Hugh

Clifton College

Clinton, Bill

Cochin-China

Colbeck, James

Colby, Bainbridge

Cold War

Collis, Maurice

Colonial Office

and Hong Kong

Colquhoun, Archibald

Commonwealth Office

Compagnie Française des Pétroles

concentration camps

concubinage

Conder, Claude

Confucianism

Congress of Berlin

Connaught, Duke of

Conservative Party

and Africa

and Biafra

and Burma

and Iraq

and Sudan

Constantinople

Corbyn, E. N.

Corn Laws

Cornwallis, Sir Kinahan

Cory, William Johnson

Cowper, Lord

Cowperthwaite, John