The Classical World (111 page)

Hyacinthus,
52

Hyginus,
434

Iliad
, ch.
1
passim
,
73
,
235
,
300

Ilion,
see
Troy

Illyria,
194
,
196
,
315
,
327

Illyricum,
377
,
390
,
469

Imperator
,
432
,
464

India,
230
–31,
268
,
270
–72,
474

Indus (river),
211

Ion of Chios,
153

Ionia, Ionians,
60
,
78
, ch.
7
passim
,
101
; Ionian Revolt,
103
–4; Persian conquest of,
116

Ionic: dialect,
29
,
80
; architecture,
81

Ireland,
512

Iris,
429

Isagoras,
93

Ischia,
30
,
31

‘iso-cracy’,
129

Isocrates,
177
,
268

isonomia
,
91

Isthmian Games,
317

Italica,
513

Ithaca,
30

ius divinum
,
291

Janus,
290

Jason (Thessalian tyrant),
184
,
217

Jebel-Aqra (mountain),
253
,
578

Jerusalem,
331
,
355
,
459
,
526
,
528
,
591

Jesus Christ,
507
, ch.
47
passim

Jews, Judaea,
100
–101,
270
,
331
,
355
,
396
,
492
,
521
–3, ch.
47
passim
,
535
,
539
,
540
,
579
,
591

Julia (daughter of Augustus),
451
,
476
,
482

Julia (daughter of Caesar),
377
,
382
,
400

Julia (granddaughter of Augustus),
483

Julio-Claudians,
476
–7, ch.
44
passim
,
532

Juno,
309

Jupiter: temple of,
292
,
539

Juvenal,
2

Kale Akte,
129

Kandahar,
268

Khazars,
70

King’s Peace,
179

kithara
,
46

Kition,
128

Knights: Spartan,
75
,
107
; Roman,
see equites

komoi
,
61

kottabos
,
46
,
116

Koumi,
30
;
see also
Cumae

Kourion,
103

kyrios
,
143
,
189

Laberius,
400

Laertes,
16
,
20

Lamia,
250

Lampedusa,
114

Lares
,
480

Larnaca,
31

Last Judgement,
531

Latins,
282
,
283
,
308

Latium,
4
,
267

Lavinium,
274

lawgivers, ch.
5
passim
,
71
,
74
,
77
,
90
,
126
,
161

leitourgiai
,
134
,
217
,
225

Lentulus,
390

Lepidus, M. Aemilius,
348
,
354
,
415
,
481

Lesbos,
82
,
207

Leucas,
428

Leucippus,
138

Leuctra,
180
,
183

Levantines,
31
,
103
,
118
;
see also
Phoenicians

Liberty, temple to,
309
,
340
,
402

Lincoln,
471

Lindos,
78

literacy: Greek,
16
,
19
,
35
,
152
; Roman,
148
,
470

Livia (wife of Octavian),
425
,
432
,
477
–8,
490
,
495
,
498

Locri,
157
,
399

Locris,
190

logic,
206

Long Walls,
155
,
162
,
164

love-gifts,
45
,
141

Lucan,
511

Lucanians,
286

Lucca,
381

Lucretii Valentes,
557

Lucretius,
388

Lucullus,
352
–3,
355
,
377

Lupercalia,
293
–4

Luperci,
404

Lyceum,
201

Lycurgus,
71
,
74

Lydia, Lydians,
59
,
78
,
81
,
83
–4

lyric poetry,
80

Lyons,
495

Lysander,
163
,
164
,
177
–8

Lysias,
145

Lysimachus,
244
,
248
–9,
250

Maccabean Revolt,
331

Macedo,
568

Macedon,
181
,
190
–91, ch.
18
passim
,
220
,
246
–7,
336
,
436

Macer,
352

Maeander,
85

Maecenas,
419
,
431
,
454

maenads,
54
,
257

magistracies: Greek,
42
,
63
–4,
131
; at Sparta,
90
; at Rome,
345
,
443
–4

Magna Graecia (‘Great Greece’),
114
,
116
,
285
,
299

Magnesia,
318

Mago,
307

Maharbal,
307

Makedon,
194

Mamertines,
299
–300

Mani,
579

Manlius,
275
,
281

Mantineans,
179

manumission,
446

Marathon (battle), ch.
9
passim
,
130
,
131

Marcellus (nephew of Augustus),
436
–7,
461
–2

Marcellus, Claudius,
310

Marcellus, Marcus,
400

Marciana (sister of Trajan),
576

Marius, Gaius,
342
–3,
373

Maroboduus,
469

marriage: among Greek aristocrats,
39
,
46
; at Sparta,
75
–6,
82
; at Rome,
119
,
446
,
447

Mars,
293
; temple to,
399
,
481
–2

Martial,
459
,
511
,
572

Masinissa,
311

Massilia (modern Marseilles),
34
,
83
,
281

Mastarna,
120

mathematics,
138
,
177
,
202
,
259

Mausoleum: of Ptolemy IV,
244
; of Cleopatra,
429
; of Octavian,
433
; of Hadrian,
593

Medes,
102
,
105

‘Median grass’,
133

Medism,
126
,
131

Megacles,
131

Megalopolis,
180
,
253
,
331

Megara, Megarians,
91
,
130
,
160
–61,
396
,
421

Megasthenes,
271

Melanthus,
104

Melanthius,
104

Meletus,
174

Melos,
159

Memnon,
19

Memphis,
100
,
244
,
262
,
267

Menander (dramatist),
218
,
265
,
391

Menander (king of Bactria),
272

Menelaus,
22

Mesopotamia,
252
,
269
,
578

Messalina,
496
,
498
,
500

Messenia, Messenians,
72
,
74
,
76
,
77
,
130
,
161
,
180

Messiah,
524
,
526
–8

Messina,
299

Metapontum,
96
–7,
176

Metaurus (river),
311

metics,
25
,
94
,
187
,
223

metoikoi, see
metics

Michaelmas daisies,
290

Milan,
560

Miletus, Milesians,
35
,
83
–6,
90

Milo,
360
,
383

Miltiades,
131
,
152

mime,
400
,
453
,
459

Minoan Age,
18

Misenum, Cape,
424

Mithridates (king of Pontus),
338
–9,
343
–4,
349
,
355
,
372

Moschion,
217

Moses,
270

mothakes
,
70

mounarchoi
,
58

Mucianus,
78

Munda,
400

municipia
,
519

Muses,
50
,
52

Mutina (modern Modena),
413
–14,
424

Mycale: Mount,
103
; battle of,
104
,
107

Mycenaean Age,
18
,
29
; palaces,
19
,
24
,
28
,
39
; script,
18

Myriad (Arcadian Assembly),
180
,
183

Myrto,
250

Naevoleia Tycho,
557

Naples,
see
Neapolis

Napoleon,
304
,
585

naukraroi
,
41

Naucratis,
34
,
37

Nazis,
583

Neaera,
189
–90

Neapolis (modern Naples),
118
,
282

Nearchus,
236

Neleids,
39

Nemean Games,
67

neo-Platonism,
203

Nero,
454
,
461
,
462
,
466
,
496
–500,
533
–4; and Christians,
528
–9; in Suetonius,
582

Nerva,
544
–6,
563

Nestus (river),
196

New Carthage (modern Cartagena),
302

Nicias,
17
,
165

Nicomedes (king of Bithynia),
372
,
399

nobiles
,
289

Nobilior, Fulvius,
326

Nocturnal Council,
205

Numidians,
306
,
311

Nysa (mountain),
257

obai
,
72

Octavia (wife of Antony),
419
,
424
,
425

Octavian,
400
,
410
–16,
419
–30, ch.
39
passim; see also
Augustus

October Horse,
293

Odeon: of Pericles,
157
; of Agrippa,
514

Odysseus, ch.
1
passim
,
29
,
30
,
35
,
42
,
70
,
592
,
594

Odyssey
, ch.
1
passim
,
24
,
142
,
326

oligarchy,
93
,
97
,
98
,
135
–6,
147
–8,
161
,
165
,
182
,
214

Olympia,
77
,
108

Olympias (mother of Alexander the Great),
195
,
235
,
249

Olympic Games,
43
,
67
,
131
,
193
,
194
,
196
,
453

Olympus (doctor),
429

Olympus, Mount,
38
,
50
,
103

Olynthus,
176

Opimius,
342

opium poppy,
268

Oplontis,
557

optimates
,
342

oracles,
33
,
37
,
51
,
57
;
see also
Delphi, Sibylline oracles

oratory,
146
–7,
282
,
351

Orchomenus,
185

Orestes,
88
–9

Oropus,
224

Orpheus,
115

Oscan,
554

Ostia,
118
,
494

ostracism,
95
,
131
,
134
,
152
,
219

ostraka
,
95
,
131

ō
thismos
,
61

Otho,
533

Otranto, Straits of,
30

Ovid,
430
,
451
,
467
,
564