The Classical World (112 page)

Oxus (river),
100
,
196
,
259
,
264

Paestum,
117
,
275

Palatine hill,
293
,
361
,
433
; site of Domitian’s palace,
543
–4

Palazzo Labia,
422

Palimbothra,
271

Pallas,
522

Panathenaia,
216

Pandora,
21

panegyrics,
561

Panhellenion,
4
,
589

Panionion,
103

pankration
,
43

Pantheon,
441

pantomime,
453
,
459
,
570

Paphos,
103
,
249
–50

papyrus,
259
,
262

parasitoi
,
222

Parasitos,
423

Parentalia,
294

Parilia,
293
,
402

Paris,
22

Parmenides,
137

Parthenon,
135
,
138
,
146
,
157

Parthia, Parthians,
383
,
404
,
423
,
425
–7,
438

Pasion,
215

paterfamilias
,
119
,
362
,
551

patricians,
119
,
275
,
279
,
281
,
282
,
293
,
372

Patroclus,
16
,
49
,
235

Paul, St,
92
,
522
,
527
–9

Pausanias,
108
,
109

pederasty,
102
,
204

Peisistratids,
91

Pella,
193
,
195

Peloponnesian League,
130

Peloponnesian War,
153
, ch.
14
passim penates
,
292

Penelope,
16
,
20

Penthelids,
39

Perdiccas,
242
–5,
248

Pergamum,
259
,
309
,
318
,
340

Periander,
63
,
89

Pericles, ch.
13
passim
,
165
; Funeral Speech,
144
,
158

perioikoi
,
70
,
73

Peripetetics,
201

Persephone,
53

Persepolis,
86
,
234

Perseus (king of Macedon),
319

Persia, Persians,
84
,
112
,
116
, ch. 11
passim
,
178
–9,
230
; Persian ‘softness’,
133
,
177
;
see also
Persian Wars

Persian Wars, ch.
9
passim
,
481
–2

Perusia (modern Perugia),
422
–3,
424

Petra,
543
,
578

Petronius,
500
,
556
,
560

Phaedimus,
580

Phalaris,
63

Pharos,
258

Pharsalus,
395
,
396

Pheidias,
156
,
216

Pheidon,
60

Pherenicus,
44

Phila,
249

Philadelphia,
267

Philip of Macedon,
176
,
179
, chs.
18
passim
,
210
–11,
225
,
229
–30,
283

Philip II,
316

Philip III (Philip Arrhidaeus),
241
,
242
,
246

Philip V,
307
,
315
,
317
,
319

Philippi,
196
,
420
–21

philosophy,
84
,
117
,
137
, chs. 15 & 19
passim
,
177
,
402
,
592

Phocaea,
83
,
86

Phocis, Phocians,
196

Phoenicians,
31
,
104
,
105
,
112
,
117
,
128
; script,
35

phratries,
40
,
51
,
61
,
142
,
144
,
187
–8,
215

Phrygians,
35

phulai
,
29

Piacenza,
306

Piazza Armerina,
459

Piazza Navona,
453

pilum,
466

Pindar,
112
,
114
,
131

Piraeus,
176
,
179
,
223
,
344

Pittacus,
67

plague,
167

Planasia,
489

Plancus,
429

Plataea
181
,
186
; battle of, ch. 9
passim

Plato, chs. 15 & 19
passim
,
177
,
217
; on cults,
55
; influenced by Sparta,
70
; on Pericles,
153
–4

Plautus,
326
–7

Pliny the Elder,
467
,
548
,
559

Pliny the Younger,
547
–8, chs. 51 & 52
passim
,
581

Plotina (wife of Trajan),
580

Po (river),
306
,
307
,
318
,
349
,
398
,
560

poastriai
,
144

polis
, ch. 2
passim
,
38
,
40
,
54
,
84
,
183
–4; freedom,
89
–90; ‘polis-males’,
25
,
90
,
189
,
208

Pollio, Vedius,
477

Polybius,
289
–90,
311
,
319
,
331
–4,
484

Polycrates of Samos,
258

Polyperchon,
238

polytheism, ch. 4
passim
,
264
,
290
,
518

pompae
,
292

Pompeii,
345
,
460
, ch. 50
passim

Pompeius, Gnaeus (son of Pompey),
400

Pompeius, Sextus (son of Pompey),
400
,
415
–16,
424
–5

Pompeius Strabo,
348

Pompey,
347
–8,
353
–7,
365
, chs. 34 & 35
passim

Pomponius,
see
Atticus

Pomptine Marshes,
398

Pontifex Maximus,
340
,
374
,
481

Pontius Pilate,
525
–6

Poppaea,
497
,
522
,
533
,
557

Porcia (wife of Brutus),
403

Poseidon,
52

Potidaea,
196

praetor, praetorship,
283
,
351

Praetorian guards,
468
,
480

Praxiteles,
216
–7

pre-literate societies,
17

Priam,
16

Priene,
177

Princeps
,
432

procurator,
503
,
506
,
508

prodigies,
291

Propertius,
420
,
430
,
451

Protagoras,
157
,
172

provocatio
,
284

Prusias (king of Bithynia),
330

Ptolemaia,
256

Ptolemais,
252
,
261

Ptolemies,
249
, ch. 23
passim
,
269
–70,
315
,
317
,
328
,
396
,
423

Ptolemy I (friend of Alexander),
244
–5,
247
,
250
,
256
,
261
,
282

Ptolemy II,
256
,
257
,
267
,
299

Ptolemy IV,
244
,
315

Ptolemy V,
332

Ptolemy VIII,
260
,
335

Publilia (wife of Cicero),
401

Punic Wars: First,
300
; Second, ch. 28
passim

Puteoli,
117
,
556

Pydna,
249

Pylades,
453

Pyrrho,
265

Pyrrhus (king of Epirus),
295
–9,
307
–8

Pythagoras,
117
,
145
,
281

Pytheas (Aeginian),
107

Pytheas (of Massilia),
264
–5

Pythian Games,
67

Qart Hadasht,
31

quaestor, quaestorship,
344
,
506

Quintilian,
511
,
561

Rabirius,
543

Raphael,
572

Raphia,
315

Ravenna,
381
,
494

reciprocity: in Homer and Hesiod,
47
; in prayers,
56

Regulus, Marcus,
301
–2

religion: Greek, ch. 4
passim;
Roman, ch. 26
passim

Rembrandt,
534

Remus,
273
,
293

Republic, Roman: founding of,
275
; restored,
434
–7

rhapsodes,
19

rhetoric,
42
,
132
,
177

Rhodes,
29
,
176
,
247
,
318
,
329
,
457
–8

Rhône (river),
305

Robigo,
290

Roman Catholic Church,
290
,
583

Romanization,
470
,
516

Rome: citizenship,
274
,
519
; early history of,
117
–121; foundation myths,
273
–4; Great Fire,
497
,
528
,
539
; raided by Gauls,
275

Romulus,
273
,
293
,
402
,
427
,
435
,
482

Rostovtzeff, M. I.,
533

Rousseau,
70
,
77

Roxane,
238
,
241
,
242
,
246
,
249
,
250

Royal Pages,
199
,
234
,
239

Rubicon (river),
391
,
392
,
405

Sabina (wife of Hadrian),
445
–6,
582

Sabines,
284

Sacred Band,
181

Sacred Way,
351
,
374

sacrifice: Greek practice of,
42
,
52
–3,
163
,
187
; of children,
301
; Roman practice of,
293
,
309
,
465
,
473
,
509

saffron crocus,
35
,
271

Saguntum,
303

Salamis (battle), ch. 9
passim

Salapia,
306

Salii,
293

Sallust,
420
,
578
,
585

Sallustius Crispus,
490

Samnites,
274
–5

Samos,
25
,
224
,
432
; tyranny on,
68
,
89
,
91

Santorini,
35

Sappho,
80
–82

Sardinia,
300
,
302
,
305
,
416

Sardis,
98
,
100
,
102

sarissa
,
199
,
231

Sarmentus,
427

Sarno (river),
553

Satan,
530

Saturnalia,
294

Saturninus,
343

satyrs,
54
,
257
,
421

Scaevola,
367

Scaurus, Aemilius,
380

Sceptics,
265

School of the Colonnade
(Stoa)
,
265

School of the Garden,
265

Scipio Aemilianus,
331
,
338

Scipio Africanus (the elder),
304
,
308
,
311
,
312
–13

Scipio, Cn. Cornelius,
308

Scipio Nasica,
340

Scipio, P. Cornelius,
308

Scribonia,
424
,
425
,
476

sculpture,
46
–7,
130
,
137
,
146
,
216

Scythians,
83
,
140
,
200

Sejanus,
468
,
495
,
585

Seleucia,
253

Seleucids,
249
,
252
,
256
,
315
,
319

Seleucus,
244
,
246
,
248
,
250
,
253

Selinus,
114
,
115
,
157

Sempronia,
389

Seneca,
496
,
497
,
500
,
511
,
527

Sentium,
282