The Classical World (110 page)

Dicaeopolis,
186

Didyma, oracle of Apollo
33
,
57
,
84
,
248

dignitas
,
370

Dio Cassius,
580

Diocles, Gaius Appuleius,
455

Diocletian,
454

Dion (uncle of the younger Dionysius),
209
–10

Dion (town),
194

Dionysia,
217
,
590

Dionysius (elder tyrant of Syracuse),
202
,
209

Dionysius (younger tyrant of Syracuse),
202

Dionysus,
50
,
54
,
71
,
230
,
271
,
292
,
423
,
430
; festival for,
147
; in Euripides’
Bacchae
,
164
,
195
; linked to the Ptolemies,
256
–7,
261
; revels for,
61
,
142
; Theatre of,
217

divisores
,
351

Dodona,
57

Dolabella,
361
,
401

Domitian,
453
,
455
,
461
,
542
–4
563
–4

Domitilla,
535

Dorieus,
89
,
117

dormice,
385

Draco,
64

drama: Athenian tragedy,
130
,
137
,
146
–8,
217
,
250
; comedy,
116
,
131
,
137
,
148
–9,
158
,
217
–18; at Rome,
326
,
452
–3

Dreros,
64

drought,
32

Druids,
518
,
534

Drusus, Livius,
425

Drusus (stepson of Augustus),
477
,
478

Drusus (adopted grandson of Augustus),
490

Ducetius,
129

Dunbabin, T. J.,
114

Dura,
253

Duris of Samos,
282

duumviri
,
554

Ebro (river),
302
–3,
305

education: in Greek society,
74
–5,
188

Egnatius Rufus,
438

Egypt: site of Greek settlements,
32
,
34
; hoplites in,
80
; and Persia,
128
; under the Ptolemies,
244
, ch. 23
passim
,
269
–70; under Cleopatra,
422
–30; Roman Egypt,
431
–2

Einhard,
582

Elamites,
99

Elbe (river),
469

Elchasai,
579

Elea,
117

elegy,
80
,
420

elephants (used in war),
256
; used by Alexander,
247
; used by Hannibal,
297
,
301
,
305
,
306
; used by Pyrrhus,
296
–8

Eleusinian Mysteries,
145
,
146
,
173
,
590

Elis,
42

Elysian fields,
50

Emerita (modern Merida),
457
,
514

Emporion,
34

Ennius,
326

Epaminondas,
180
–81,
184

ephebo-philia
,
44

Ephesus,
103
,
433

ephors,
73
,
75

epic: Homeric, ch. 1
passim
; gods in epic,
49
; Roman epic,
326
,
438

Epictetus,
595
–6

Epicurus, Epicureanism,
250
,
265
,
388
,
589
,
596

Epidemics
,
138

Epirus,
183
,
190
,
296

equites
,
341
,
342
,
445
,
462
,
484

Erasistratus,
260

Eratosthenes,
259

Eretria,
104

Erianthus,
178

Erichthonius,
146

Erinna,
81

Esquiline hill,
500
,
577

Etna, Mount,
112

Etruria,
282
,
308
,
364

Etruscans,
35
,
36
,
83
,
87
,
117
–120,
455
,
456

Euboea, Euboeans,
30
–31,
35
,
98
,
118

Euclid,
259

Eudoxus,
177

Eumachia,
557

Eumenes (king of Pergamum),
318

Eumenes (secretary of Alexander the Great),
243
,
244
,
247
–8

eunomia
,
73

Eupatrids,
38
,
39
,
40
,
42

Euripides,
149
,
164
,
195
,
217
,
268
,
269

Euphrates (river),
253

Eurydice (wife of Amyntas III),
191

Eurydice (wife of Philip of Macedon),
see
Cleopatra

Eurymedon (river),
128

Ezra, Book of,
100

Fabius Eupor,
556

Fabius Maximus, Paullus,
489
–90

Fabius Maximus, Quintus,
303
,
304
,
310
,
311

Fabius Pictor,
326

Fair Cliff,
302

Faesulae (modern Fiesole),
345
,
445

fasti
,
275

Fayyum,
267

Felix (governor of Judaea),
522

festiales
,
295

festivals: Greek,
20
,
53
,
146
,
187
,
220
; Roman,
293
,
465

Field of Mars,
see
Campus Martius

Finisterre,
435

Flaccus, Fulvius,
310

Flamininus,
317

Flavians, ch.
48
passim
Flora, festival of,
294

Flora (mistress of Pompey),
354

Forms, theory of,
203

Forum,
118
,
293
,
309
,
399
,
457
,
482
; of Trajan,
577

Forum Boarium,
309

Fregellae,
341

Fucine Lake,
494

Fulvia,
389
,
413
,
416
,
423
–4

funerals: Roman,
289

Gabinius,
421

Gaius,
see
Caligula

Galba,
533
–4

Galilee,
522
,
526

Gallio (brother of Seneca),
527
–8

Gallus, Cornelius,
431
–2

Ganges (river),
231
,
271
,
272

Ganymede,
52

Gaul, Gauls,
303
,
371
,
377
,
379
,
390
,
467
,
508
,
512
,
515
,
534
; raid Rome,
275

Gelon,
111
–12

gen
ā
,
40

gentes
,
119
;
see also
tribes

Gentiles,
200
,
205
–7

Germanicus,
492
,
497

Germany, Germans,
382
,
469
,
534
; horseguards,
467
–8,
480
; in Tacitus,
583

Gerousia,
72

Gessius Florus,
522

Getty Museum,
259

Gibbon, Edward,
565
,
585

gladiatorial shows,
456
–62,
551

Glaphyra,
422

gliraria
,
385

Gloucester,
471

gods: Greek, ch.
4
passim
,
71
,
182
–3; in Herodotus,
139
–40; divine justice,
51
,
157
,
166
; Roman,
290
–98

Gongyla,
82

Gortyn, laws of,
65
–6

‘Gospel of Light’,
579

Gospels, ch.
47
passim
Gracchus, Gaius,
340
–42

Gracchus, Tiberius (the elder),
309

Gracchus, Tiberius (the younger),
340
–42

Granius Marcellus,
571

gravitas
,
289

Great Fire of Rome,
497
,
528
,
539

Great Greece,
see
Magna Graecia

Great Rhetra,
72
,
88

‘Greekness’,
29
,
36
–7,
326
–7

Gyges,
59
,
60
,
83
,
150

gymnasiums,
266

Hades,
49
,
596

Hadrian,
2
–6,
464
,
471
,
502
,
513
,
588
–97; ‘adoption’ of,
580
; at Cyrene,
37
; poetic taste,
17
; at Sparta,
70
; visits to Sicily,
112

Hadrian’s Wall,
5
,
468

Halicarnassus,
138
,
146

Haloa,
53

Hamilcar,
112

Hannibal,
297
,
301
,
302
, ch.
28
passim
,
315

Hannibalic War, ch.
28
passim
,
330

Hanno,
301

Hansen, M. H.,
94

Hanson, Victor,
106

Hearth, goddess of the,
34
,
275
,
292
,
441

Hecate,
55

Hecataeus of Abdera,
270

Hecataeus of Miletus,
83
,
139

Hector,
16
,
21

Helen,
22

Hellas,
28

Hellenic Alliance,
106
,
129
–33; of Philip,
197
–8,
237

Hellenic League,
155

Hellenization,
326
–7

helots,
70
–78,
108
,
129
–32,
162
,
180

Helvetii,
379

Helvidius,
541

Helvius Sabinus,
554

Hephaestion,
4
,
235
,
239
,
242
,
253
,
590

Hephaestus,
22

Heraclea (Black Sea),
210

Heraclea (S. Italy),
117
,
297

Heracles,
51
,
67
,
188
,
264

Heraclitus,
84

Herculaneum,
547
,
548

Hermeias,
202

Hermotimus,
150

herms,
51
,
173

hero cult,
50

Herod Antipas,
524

Herod the Great,
419
–20,
521
,
523

Herodotus,
17
,
138
–41,
145
,
166
,
268
,
590
–91; accounts of Cyrus’ death,
100
; on Persians,
105
; on Themistocles,
109

Herophilus,
260

Hesiod,
19
,
21
,
31
; on aristocrats,
41
,
62
–3; on Hecate,
55
; on the ‘just city’,
58

hexameter,
17
,
56

hetairai
,
61
,
144
–5,
188
–9

hetaireiai
,
61

Hiero,
299
–300,
310

Hieronymus of Cardia,
299

Himera,
112

Hindu Kush,
211
,
230

Hippias,
171
–2

Hippocrates (doctor),
85

Hippocrates of Chios,
138

Hippocratic Oath,
85
–6

Hippodamus,
176
–7

Hippolochus,
266

Hippolytus,
268

histori
ā
,
138

Homer, ch.
1
passim;
death in,
49
; dialect,
17
,
80
; reciprocity in,
47
; rhetoric in,
42

homoioi
,
76

homosexuality: in Greek society,
4
,
44
–5,
89
,
173
,
181
; Plato on,
204
; at Rome,
288
–9,
327

hoplites,
59
–66,
80
–81,
115
,
117
,
126
; at Marathon,
105
; Spartan use of,
71
,
74
,
104
,
105
,
162

Horace,
420
,
430
,
442
–3,
449
,
474

Hortensius,
352

hospitals,
470

hubris
,
70

hunting,
43
,
141
,
216
,
268
,
331
,
574
,
591
–2