Spies and Commissars: The Bolshevik Revolution and the West (74 page)

7
. V. I. Lenin,
Neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891–1922
, pp. 332–3.

8
.
Manchester Guardian
, 15 May 1920; Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, pp. 7–8.

9
.
The Times
, 28 April 1920.

10
. B. Russell,
The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1914–1944
, p. 141.

11
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 32.

12
. D. Debrestian, ‘On the Origin of the Term “Iron Curtain” ’,
Washington Post
, 26 September 1991.

13
.
Ibid
., p. 8.

14
.
Ibid.
, p. 30.

15
.
Manchester Guardian
, 21 May 1920.

16
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 50.

17
.
Ibid
., p. 55.

18
.
Ibid.
, p. 66.

19
. J. S. Clarke,
Pen Portraits of Russia under the ‘Red Terror’
, p. 49. Clarke laughed at his friend’s Paisley brogue but he himself didn’t get right the Russian word for ‘I understand’ (
ponimayu
).

20
.
Ibid
., pp. 56–7.

21
.
Ibid.
, p. 92.

22
. M. E. Harrison,
Marooned in Moscow
, p. 223.

23
.
Ibid
., p. 181.

24
.
Ibid.
, p. 171.

25
.
Manchester Guardian
, 2 June 1920.

26
.
Ibid.
, 7 June 1920.

27
. V. I. Lenin,
Pis’mo k angliiskim rabochim
in
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
, vol. 41, p. 125.

28
.
New York Times
, 23 July 1920.

29
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 180.

30
. A. Ransome, ‘Lenin in 1919’, in A. Rhys Williams,
Lenin: The Man and his Work
, pp. 167–8.

31
.
Ibid
., p. 168.

32
.
Ibid.
, p. 173.

33
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 117.

34
.
Ibid
., p. 76.

35
.
Ibid.
, pp. 75 and 117.

36
.
Ibid.
, pp. 76–7.

37
.
Manchester Guardian
, 29 July 1920.

38
.
Ibid.
, 12 July 1920.

39
.
Ibid.
, 1 July 1920.

40
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 116.

41
.
Manchester Guardian
, 29 July 1920.

42
.
Ibid
.

43
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, pp. 137–8.

44
. T. Alexander,
An Estonian Childhood
, p. 120.

45
. H. G. Wells,
Russia in the Shadows
, p. 139.

46
.
Ibid
., p. 158.

47
. C. Sheridan,
Naked Truth
, pp. 151–2.

48
.
Ibid
., p. 156.

49
. C. Sheridan to W. S. Churchill, 23 January 1921: Churchill Papers, CHAR 1/138.

50
. C. Sheridan,
Mayfair to Moscow: Clare Sheridan’s Diary
, pp. 12–13.

51
. C. Sheridan,
Naked Truth
, pp. 157–9.

52
.
Ibid
., pp. 160–1.

53
. ‘Woman Sculptor Tells Impression of Soviet Chiefs’,
New York Times
, 23 November 1920. This excerpt from Clare Sheridan’s ‘diary’ is not contained in the version published as a book.

54
. I. Litvinov, autobiographical fragment, ‘Moscow 1921’, pp. 5 and 7: St Antony’s RESC Archive.

55
. C. Sheridan,
From Mayfair to Moscow: Clare Sheridan’s Diary
, p. 82.

56
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 76.

57
. C. Sheridan,
Naked Truth
, p. 192.

58
.
Ibid
., pp. 193–4.

59
.
Ibid.
, p. 194.

60
.
Ibid.
, p. 195.

61
. C. Sheridan,
Mayfair to Moscow
:
Clare Sheridan’s Diary
, p. 156.

62
. C. Sheridan,
Naked Truth
, p. 196.

63
.
Ibid
., p. 197.

64
. C. Sheridan,
Mayfair to Moscow
:
Clare Sheridan’s Diary
, pp. 142–3.

65
. C. Sheridan to W. S. Churchill, 23 January 1921: Churchill Papers, CHAR 1/138.

66
. W. S. Churchill to C. Sheridan, 21 April 1921:
ibid
.

67
. C. Sheridan to W. S. Churchill, April 1921: Churchill Papers, CHAR 1/138.

68
.
British Labour Delegation to Russia, 1920: Report
, p. 27.

69
.
Ibid.

70
. H. G. Wells,
Russia in the Shadows
, p. 64.

71
.
Ibid
., pp. 83–4.

72
.
Ibid.
, pp. 107–8.

73
.
The Times
, 8 December 1920.

74
. B. Russell,
The Practice and Theory of Bolshevism
, p. 42.

75
.
Ibid
.

76
. B. Russell to O. Morrell, 25 June 1920: B. Russell,
The Autobiography of Bertrand Russell, 1914–1944
, p. 172.

77
.
Ibid
., pp. 152–3.

27. The Spreading of Comintern

1
. Mrs P. Snowden,
Through Bolshevik Russia
, p. 121.

2
.
Pervyi Kongress Kominterna. Mart 1919 goda
(Partiinoe izdatel’stvo: Moscow, 1919), p. 131.

3
.
Ibid
., pp. 172–219.

4
. A. Ransome,
Russia in 1919
, p. 220.

5
.
Pervyi Kongress Kominterna
, p. 219.

6
.
Politbyuro TsK RKP(b) – VKP(b) i Komintern, 1918–1943. Dokumenty
, p. 26 (footnote 7).

7
.
Ibid
., p. 28.

8
. Yan Berzin to G. E. Zinoviev, 28 August 1919:
ibid.
, p. 31.

9
. Politburo, 25 March 1919:
ibid.
, p. 25.

10
.
Ibid.

11
. RGASPI, f. 17, op. 3, d. 164, p. 2 in
ibid
., p. 76.

12
.
Ibid.
, d. 194, in
ibid
., p. 93.

13
. W. Kendall,
The Revolutionary Movement in Britain, 1900–1921: The Origins of British Communism
, pp. 182–3.

14
. L. A. E. Gale to C. Ruthenberg, 23 February 1920, p. 2: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 195, folder of CP-USA General Correspondence, February 1920.

15
. P. S. Pinheiro,
Estratégias da Ilusão: a Revolução Mundial e o Brasil, 1922–1935
, p. 30.

16
.
Congress of the Peoples of the East. Baku, September 1920: Stenographic Report
, pp. 21–3.

17
.
Ibid
., p. 35.

18
.
Ibid.
, p. 47.

19
.
Ibid.
, pp. 76–8.

20
.
Ibid.
, pp. 85–8.

21
.
Ibid.
, pp. 145–6.

22
.
Ibid.
, p. 161.

23
. V. I. Lenin,
Pis’mo k angliiskim rabochim
, in
Polnoe sobranie sochinenii
, vol. 41, p. 127.

24
.
Ibid
.

25
. ‘Announcement of the Provisional Bureau of the Communist International’: Jay Lovestone Papers (HIA), box 209.

26
. Yan Berzin to G. E. Zinoviev, 28 August 1919:
Politbyuro TsK RKP(b) – VKP(b) i Komintern
, p. 31.

27
. M. E. Harrison,
Marooned in Moscow: The Story of an American Woman
Imprisoned in Russia
, p. 222.

28. To Poland and Beyond

1
. A. A. Ioffe to L. D. Trotskii, 30 January 1919: RGVA, f. 33987, op. 3, d. 2.

2
. I. N. R. Davies,
White Eagle, Red Star
, pp. 47–61.

3
.
Ibid
., pp. 91 and 148.

4
. Emil Nobel at Yudenich’s financial consultative committee, 21 November 1919: Nikolai Yudenich Papers (HIA), box 21, folder 20.

5
. V. I. Lenin to I. V. Stalin, 17 March 1920: V. I. Lenin,
Neizvestnye dokumenty, 1891–1922
, pp. 330–1.

6
. V. I. Lenin, political report to the Ninth Party Conference: RGASPI, f. 44, op. 1, d. 5, p. 11.

7
. G. Nowik,
Zanim z
amano „Enigm
”. Polski radiowywiad podczas wojny z bolszewick
Rosj
1918–1920
, p. 587.