Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (93 page)

and Kaljurand (‘Ants the Terrible’)
and Lithuania; battle of Kalniškës
Toszek prison

Nonantola
Nordhausen concentration camp
Norway

children born with German fathers
Citizenship Act (1950)
collaborators of the Nazis
Communists
cult of heroism
destruction in
food rationing
resistance
War Child Committee
women who married Germans

Nosek, Václav
Nossack, Hans Erich
Novick, Peter
Nuremberg trials

Obuchowski, Berek
Ødegård, Ørnulf
Odessa
Odjel za zaštitu narodna
‘Odysseus’ (ELAS band leader)
oedema
Ogrodzinski, Zbigniew
Ohrdruf concentration camp
Oleksi
ta
Olsen, Oluf
Oniferi
Operation Swallow
Operation Vistula
Oradour-sur-Glane
Organisation de l’Armée Secrete
Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN)
orphans

born in foreign countries to a German father

Orthodox Church
Oslo
Osóbka-Morawski, Edward
Ossowska, Marilka
Osula
OUN (Organisation of Ukrainian Nationalists)
Ózd

Padove, Saul
Palestine
see also
Israel
Pamiers ‘People’s Tribunal’
Pankrác prison, Prague
Pansa, Giampaolo
Papadimitriou family
Papadimitriou, Vassiliki
Papadimitriou,Yorgos
Papandreou ‘government of national unity’
Paris

cosmopolitanism
Peace Conference

Paris-Tourcoing Express derailment
Pastuhov, Krustu
P
tr
canu, Lucre
iu
Patriotic Guards, Romania
Patriotic Militia, France
Patton, George
Pauker, Ana
Pazú, Karol
Pazzano
PCF (French Communist Party)
PCI (Italian Communist Party)
peace, fragility of
Peasant Republic of Caulonia
pellagra
Peloponnese
Penescu, Nicolae
Petkov,Nikola
Pieck, Wilhelm
Pierre, Commandant
Pius XII
Placanica
Pluto, Stanislav
Podkamie
Podutik
Poland/Poles

animosity to Gypsies
Armia Krajowa
border change and separation from Ukraine
civil war
xv see also
ethnic cleansing: of Poland and Ukraine
Communists
death toll in war
destruction in
displaced persons
ending of the war xv
ethnic cleansing of Poland and Ukraine
see
ethnic cleansing: of Poland and Ukraine
and Germany; 1970 treaty and subsequent relations; expulsion of the Germans; German border of Poland; Germans in the new ‘extermination camps’ of Poland after the war; new territories
Home Army (AK)
and Jews; anti-Semitism; emigration/flight; Jewish property
looting
middle class
Ministry of Propaganda
new ‘extermination camps’ after the war
origins of Polish/Ukrainian ethnic violence
Ostarbeiters
Poles at Auschwitz
Poles killed by Ukrainian nationalists
see also
ethnic cleansing: of Poland and Ukraine
population fall
Public Security Service (UBP)
racial hierarchy
renaming of places and streets
starvation
vs Ukrainians
war orphans
Warsaw
see
Warsaw

Polcz, Alaine
political violence
see also
civil war

in France and Italy; and the reaction; targets
in Yugoslavia

Pomerania
Postoloprty massacre
potatoes
Potsdam conference/Agreement
Powayen
power

industrial power inversion in northern Italy
vengeance and the inversion of

Práce
Prague

Local National Committee poster (1945)

Pravda
Prcela, John
prisoner-of-war camps

Czechoslovakian detention centres after the war

prisoners of war

American
British
camps
see
prisoner-of-war camps
French
German: American-held; British-held; doing forced labour after the war; in the new ‘extermination camps’ of Poland after the war; Soviet-held; vengeance on
Soviet
and the Third Geneva Convention

propaganda

British
Nazi
Polish and Czech propaganda about Germany
Polish Ministry of Propaganda
Soviet

prostitution
Pruitt, Albert C.
Psarros, Dimitrios
Public Security Service (UBP, Poland)

rabbits
race

ethnic cleansing
see
ethnic cleansing
nationalism
see
nationalism
racial/ethnic hatred
racial/ethnic purity
see also
ethnic cleansing
racial hierarchy
racist ideology; of Ukrainian partisans
Second World War as a war of
and Western and Eastern tolerance

R
descu, Nicolae
Rákosi, Mátyás
Ramadier, Paul
Ramanauskas, Adolfas (Vanagas)
Rankovi
, Aleksandar
rape

gang
mass

Ravensbrück
Reach for the Sky
Red Army

in the Baltic States
discovery of concentration camps
and German prisoners of war
in Hungary
massacres in Germany
Poles in
rape
and Romania

Red Cross

Bavarian
International Committee
packages

‘Red Terror’
‘Red Triangle’/‘Triangle of Death’
refugees
see also
displacement; ethnic cleansing Jewish
see also
Jews: flight
Reille-Soult, Henri
Reinchardt, Mór
Remagen camp
repatriation

forced
National Committee for Repatriation

resistance movements

anti-Soviet/anti-Communist; ‘Forest Brothers’; Ukraine
Belgium
Communist; Greece

resistance movements –
cont.

Denmark
France; areas liberated in August 1944 by
Holland
Italy
Norway
Polish Armia Krajowa

revenge
see
vengeance
Rheinberg camp
Rheinwiesenlager
Riace
Riesa
Rifnik
Rijeka
rioting

Bulgaria
death penalty for
over food shortages