Savage Continent: Europe in the Aftermath of World War II (95 page)

beets

Surkov, Alexei
Švendriai
Swabians
Swallow, Operation
Sweden, looting
Swierczewski, Karol
wi
tochłowice camp (Zgoda)
Switzerland

food rationing
juvenile delinquency

Syntagma Square, Athens
Szczecin
see also
Stettin
Szewczyk, Anna
Szewczyk, Teodor
Szklarska Por
ba

Tallinn
T
t
rescu, Gheorghe
Tatars
Taus
Tehran conference
‘Telemachus’ (a ‘Death Battalion’ commander)
La Terre Vivaroise
theft
see also
looting

from Germans by Poles
of Jewish property

Theotokas, George
Theresienstadt camp
Thessaloniki
Thiele, Hannelore
Thorez, Maurice
Tito, Josip Broz
Tito’s Partisans
Tixie , Adrien
Togliatti, Palmiro
tolerance, Western
torture
see also
sadism
Toszek NKVD prison
Toth, Zoltan
Toulouse
transit camps
Tre kom tilbake
Treblinka concentration camp
‘Triangle of Death’/‘Red Triangle’
Trieste
Trikeri
Troyes
Truman Doctrine
Truman, Harry S.
Trzcianiec
Trzebica/Trebnitz prison
Tübingen
tulip bulbs
Turin
Turks
typhus

UBP (Urza
d Bezpiecze
stwa Publicznego)
Ukraine/Ukrainians

anti-Communist resistance
assertion of ethnic rights
continued fighting long after the war
death toll in war
destruction
ethnic cleansing of see ethnic cleansing: of Poland and Ukraine
expulsion of Romanians from
homelessness
Jews
nationalist fighting with Soviet troops xv
origins of Polish/Ukrainian ethnic violence
Poles killed by Ukrainian nationalists
see also
ethnic cleansing: of Poland and Ukraine
separation from Poland
starvation
ultra-nationalists
Volhynia
see
Volhynia
vs Poles
women raped by German soldiers

Ukrainian Insurgent Army (Ukrains‘ka Povstans’ka Armiia, UPA)
Ulbricht, Walter
UNESCO
Uniate Church
United Kingdom see Britain
United Nations

and the Jews in Palestine
Relief and Rehabilitation Administration see UNRRA

United States of America

American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee
American prisoners of war
attitudes and conduct towards the Germans; allowing revenge by Jewish camp survivors; expelled from Poland; killing of SS men whilst liberating camps; treatment of German prisoners of war
and the Communists
discovery of concentration camps
European Recovery Programme (Marshall Plan/Aid)
food rationing
and Greece
isolationism
Jewish return; help with emigration to Palestine
rape accusations against US Army
and Romania
scepticism about the Holocaust
Truman Doctrine
US troops

unity, national
see
national unity
UNRRA (United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration)
UPA (Ukrainian Insurgent Army)
Urza
d Bezpiecze
stwa Publicznego (UBP)
USSR
see
Soviet Union
Ustashas
Ústí nad Labem massacre

Vachon, John
Valenciennes
Varkiza peace agreement
VE day

celebrations xv

Velouchiotis, Aris
venereal disease
vengeance

amnesties on revenge killings
and camp liberation
on children
on collaborators, the enemy within; and the construction of convenient myths; and the failure of the purge across Europe; Italian purge on Fascists
on German prisoners of war; American-held; Soviet-held
on Germans in Czechoslovakia
and the inversion of power
Jewish playing down of
by Jewish prisoners
and the new ‘extermination camps’
and the politics of numbers
purpose of
by the Red Army in Germany
by slave labourers
thirst for blood
on women; shearing and stripping of women

Verderi, Giuseppe
Vetrinje
see
Viktring
Vichy/Vichyites
Vienna

rape in

Vienne
Viitorul
Viktring
Vilnius
see also
Wilno
violence
see also
destruction
amnesties on revenge killings

anti-Semitic
see
Jews: anti-Semitism, extermination and loss of
to babies/children
‘Balkan violence’
Bleiburg tragedy
civil war
see
civil war; ethnic cleansing: of Poland and Ukraine; Greece/Greeks: civil war; Yugoslavia: ethnic conflict
against collaborators; judicial punishment
as a communist opportunity
crucifixions
culture of
death toll in Second World War
see
Second World War: death toll
ethnic cleansing
see
ethnic cleansing
against fascists
against German prisoners of war
Holocaust and local massacres see Holocaust
and the inversion of power
mutilation
as a nationalist opportunity
northern Italy
origins of Polish/Ukrainian ethnic violence
politically motivated see political violence
by the right in Greece
sadistic
see
sadism
sexual; rape see rape; stripping, and the shaving of women’s heads
Soviet terror in Lithuania
torture and beatings
see
torture
in vengeance
see
vengeance
White Terror, Greece
Yugoslavia
see also
Yugoslavia: ethnic conflict: by Communist Partisans; massacre sites (1945); as a symbol of pan-European violence