Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (244 page)

fontanelles,
390–391
,
391
f

fracture,
173
,
174

functions,
43
,
391

sutures,
386
,
391
f
,
401
,
401
f

Sliding filament theory,
411

Slough,
359

Small intestine,
293–297

absorption of nutrients,
129
,
296–297
,
296
f

autonomic control,
170

blood supply,
295

chemical digestion in,
295–296

diseases of,
316–323

functions,
295

secretions,
296

structure,
293–295
,
294
f

tumours,
320–321

Small saphenous vein,
93
f
,
105
,
105
f

Small-vessel permeability, increased,
118

Smell, sense of,
164
,
199–200
,
236

adaptation,
200

loss of,
200

physiology of,
200
,
200
f

Smoking, cigarette,
49
,
255
,
262

Smooth muscle,
39
,
39
f
,
409

alimentary canal,
280–281
,
290

bronchial,
245

pharyngeal,
237

urinary tract,
331
,
339

vascular,
75
,
76

Sneezing,
236

Sniffing,
200

Sodium,
272

atoms,
18
,
18
f

balance,
337–338

ions (Na
⁺
),
20

in nerve impulse generation,
140–141

plasma,
21
t

renal reabsorption,
216
,
335

Sodium bicarbonate,
20

Sodium chloride (NaCl) (salt),
19–20
,
20
f

dietary intake,
272

excretion in sweat,
358

Sodium–potassium pump,
33
,
141

Soleus muscle,
419
f
,
420

Somatic nerves,
142

Somatic nervous system,
138

Somatic senses,
9
,
142

Somatosensory cortex,
150
f
,
151

Somatostatin,
210
,
218
,
219

Somatotrophin
See
Growth hormone

Sound

intensity (volume),
189
,
190
f

perception,
189
,
189
f

pitch,
189
,
190
f

production,
240

Special senses,
10
,
10
b
,
10
f
,
142
,
185–206

Speech

pharyngeal function,
237

production,
240

Spermatic cord,
416
,
448
,
448
f
,
449

Spermatogenesis,
448

Spermatozoa,
13
,
438
,
448
,
449
f

in ejaculate,
450

fertilisation,
14
,
14
f
,
445

production,
448

Sphenoid bone,
388
f
,
389
,
389
f
,
390
f

Sphenoidal sinus,
235

fractures,
174

Sphincters,
281

Sphygmomanometer,
87

Spina bifida,
182
,
182f

occult,
182
,
182f

Spinal cord,
9
,
154–158

anterior columns,
155–156
,
156
f

central canal,
147

compression,
180–181

diseases of,
179–181

grey matter,
155–156

lateral columns,
155
,
156
f
,
167

lesions,
349

meninges,
145–146
,
146
f
,
154
,
155
f

motor (efferent; descending) nerve tracts,
157–158

posterior columns,
155
,
156
f

sensory (afferent; ascending) nerve tracts,
156–157
,
156
f
,
157
t

subacute combined degeneration of,
180–181

tumours,
181

white matter,
156–158

Spinal ganglia, posterior root,
160

Spinal nerves,
156
f
,
159–164
,
394
f

branches (rami),
160

plexuses,
160–164
,
160
f

Spinal reflexes,
155
,
158
,
159
f

Spine,
385
t
See also
Vertebral column

Spinous process,
385
t
,
392
,
392
f

Spiral organ (of Corti),
188
,
189
f

Spleen,
131–132
,
131
f
,
132
f

disorders of,
135–136

tumours,
136

Splenic artery,
100
,
101
f
,
132
,
132
f
,
300

Splenic pulp,
132

Splenic vein,
102
,
103
f
,
132
,
132
f

Splenomegaly,
132
,
134t
,
135–136

Spontaneous disease,
15

Sprains,
423

Spring ligament,
400
f
,
401

Sprue, tropical,
323

Squames,
354

Squamous cell carcinoma

mouth,
311

oesophagus,
314

Squamous epithelium,
34
,
34
f

Squamous suture,
386
,
388
f

Squint,
204

Staghorn calculus,
347

Stapes,
187–188
,
187
f

Staphylococcus aureus

ear infections,
202

eye infections,
203

food poisoning,
318

skin infections,
361
,
362

Starches,
266
,
268

Status asthmaticus,
256–257

Steatorrhoea,
323

Stem cells, pluripotent,
57
,
58
f

Stercobilin,
296
,
303

Sternoclavicular joint,
396

Sternocleidomastoid muscle,
167
,
248
,
248
f
,
414
,
414
f

Sternum,
395
,
395
f

Steroids,
216

Still's disease,
422

Stomach,
289–293
,
289
f
,
290
f

autonomic control,
170

blood supply,
290

diseases of,
314–316

functions,
292

structure,
289–290

tumours,
316

ulcers,
315–316

walls,
290
,
290
f

Stomatitis,
311

aphthous,
311

Stones
See
Calculi