Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (247 page)

production in thymus gland,
133

suppressor,
370
,
371
f

Tocopherols,
270

Toes

bones,
400–401

joints,
409

Tongue,
283–284
,
283
f

functions,
284

papillae,
284

taste perception,
200–201
,
201
f

Tongue-rolling ability,
433–434
,
434
f

Tonsillitis,
254

Tonsils,
133
,
237

palatine,
237
,
283
,
283
f

pharyngeal (adenoids),
236
,
254

Tooth
See
Teeth

Total lung capacity (TLC),
249
f
,
250

Touch perception,
151
,
355

spinal cord pathways,
157
t

Toxic megacolon,
320

Toxins

detoxification,
302

effects on brain,
176

liver,
325
,
325b

Toxoids,
373

Trace elements,
272–273

Trachea,
240–242
,
240
f
,
241
f

Tracheitis,
254

Tracheo-oesophageal fistula,
314

Trachoma,
204
,
452

Tracts (nerve),
139
,
142

cerebral,
148–149
,
150
f

spinal cord,
156

Training, physical,
412

Transaminases,
308

Transamination,
302

Transcription,
431
,
431
f

Transferrin,
59

Transfusion
See
Blood transfusion

Transient ischaemic attack (TIA),
116
,
175

Transitional cell carcinomas,
349

Transitional epithelium,
339
,
340

Translation,
431
,
431
f

Transport

active,
25
,
32–33
,
33
f

bulk,
33
,
33
f

maximum,
32
,
335

passive,
25
,
32

of substances across cell membranes,
5
,
31–33

systems,
8–9

Transverse cervical ligaments,
442

Transverse commissure,
155

Transverse humeral ligament,
404
,
417–418

Transverse ligament of atlas,
392
f
,
393
,
394

Transverse process,
392
,
392
f

Transverse sinus,
97
,
97
f
,
146

Transversus abdominis muscle,
416
,
416
f

Trapezium,
397
,
398
f

Trapezius muscle,
167
,
414
,
414
f

Trapezoid,
397
,
398
f

Trauma
See
Injury

Treponema pallidum
,
452

Triceps muscle,
417
f
,
418

Trichomonas vaginalis
,
452

Tricuspid valve (right atrioventricular valve),
80
,
81

Trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V),
165
f
,
166
,
166
f

Trigeminal neuralgia,
178

Triglycerides,
23
,
269
,
310

Trigone,
340
,
341
f

Tri-iodothyronine (T
₃
),
213–214
,
273
,
383

deficiency,
215
t
,
223

excess,
215
t
,
222–223

regulation of secretion,
210
,
214
,
214
f

Triquetrum,
397
,
398
f

Trisomy 21,
436

Tritium,
19

Trochanter,
385
t

Trochlear nerve (cranial nerve IV),
165
f
,
166
,
198
t

Tropical sprue,
323

Trumpeter's muscle,
413

Trunk muscles,
414–416

Trypsin,
295
,
296
,
305
t

Trypsinogen,
295

Tubercle,
261–262
,
385
t

Tuberculosis (TB),
261–262
,
369

miliary,
262

primary,
261–262

secondary (postprimary),
262

silicosis and,
259

Tuberosity,
385
t

Tubules, renal
See
Renal tubules

Tumours,
15
,
49–51

adrenal medulla,
226–227

in AIDS,
377

benign,
49
,
49t
,
50
,
51

biliary tract,
327

bladder,
349

blood/lymph vessels,
117

bone,
422

breast,
455

causes,
49–50

cell differentiation,
50

effects,
51

encapsulation,
50–51

endocrine glands,
51

eye,
205

growth,
50–51

host factors,
50

intestine,
320–321

kidney,
348

liver,
326

lung,
262

lymphatic obstruction,
134

malignant
See
Malignant tumours

metastatic
See
Metastases

mouth,
311

nervous system,
182–183

oesophagus,
314

ovaries,
454

pancreas,
324

salivary glands,
313

secondary,
50–51
,
50t

skin,
364

spleen,
136

spread,
50–51
,
134

stomach,
316

testicular,
456

thymus gland,
136

thyroid gland,
224

upper respiratory tract,
255

uterus,
454

Tunica adventitia,
74

Tunica albuginea,
448
,
448
f

Tunica intima,
74

Tunica media,
74
,
75

Tunica vaginalis,
448
,
448
f

Tunica vasculosa,
448
,
448
f

Turbinated processes,
389

Tympanic cavity,
187–188

Tympanic membrane,
186–187
,
187
f

Typhoid fever,
317–318
,
317f

U

Ulcerative colitis,
319t
,
320

Ulcers

corneal,
204

peptic,
315–316
,
315f

pressure,
363

recurrent oral,
311

rodent,
364

varicose,
116–117

Ulna,
397
,
397
f

Ulnar artery,
92
f
,
98
,
98
f

Ulnar nerve,
161
,
162
f

Ulnar vein,
93
f