Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (240 page)

Plasma proteins,
56
,
129
,
302

glomerular filtration,
334–335

in inflammation/oedema,
118
,
368

Plasmin,
64–65

Plasminogen,
64–65

Platelets (thrombocytes),
8
,
8
f
,
63–65

count,
63
,
71
,
466

increased destruction,
71

plug formation,
64

reduced production,
71
See also
Thrombocytopenia

Pleomorphic salivary adenoma,
313

Pleura,
40
,
243–244
,
243
f

mesothelioma,
262

parietal,
243
,
243
f

visceral,
243
,
243
f

Pleural cavity,
243–244
,
243
f

Pleural effusion,
119
,
264

Plexuses, nerve,
160–164
,
160
f

Pluripotent stem cells,
57
,
58
f

Pneumoconiosis,
258–259

with progressive massive fibrosis,
258–259

simple,
258

Pneumocystis jirovecii
pneumonia,
376

Pneumonia,
260–261
,
260b

aspiration,
261

lobar,
260f
,
261

Pneumotaxic centre,
153
,
252

Pneumothorax,
263

spontaneous,
263

tension,
263

traumatic,
263

Poisons
See
Toxins

Poliomyelitis,
178

Polioviruses,
178

Polyarthritis,
423

Polycystic kidney disease,
348

Polycythaemia,
69

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (granulocytes),
61–63

Polyneuropathy,
181

acute inflammatory,
181

Polyps, intestinal,
320

Polysaccharides,
22
,
268

digestion,
286

non-starch (NSP),
266
,
273
,
299

Polyuria,
343t

in chronic renal failure,
346
,
346t

in diabetes mellitus,
228
,
337

Pons,
149
f
,
153

Popliteal artery,
92
f
,
103
,
104
f

Popliteal ligaments,
409

Popliteal vein,
93
f
,
105
,
105
f

Portal circulation,
102

Portal fissure,
301

Portal hypertension,
313
,
325
,
326

Portal vein,
102
,
103
f
,
295
,
301

Position of body

heart rate and,
86

venous return and,
86

Positive feedback mechanisms,
7
,
208
,
212
,
212
f

Postabsorptive state,
306

Posterior,
42
f
,
42
t

Posterior cerebral arteries,
96
,
96
f

Posterior communicating artery,
96
,
96
f

Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh,
163
f
,
164
f

Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve,
163
f

Posterior inferior iliac spine,
398
f

Posterior longitudinal ligament,
393–394
,
394
f

Posterior pituitary (neurohypophysis),
209
,
210
f
,
212–213

disorders,
222

influence of hypothalamus on,
209

Posterior rami,
160
,
164
f

Posterior root (spinal) ganglia,
156

Posterior superior iliac spine,
398
f

Posterior tibial artery,
92
f
,
104
,
104
f

Posterior tibial vein,
93
f

Posterior tibialis muscle,
400–401
,
400
f

Postganglionic neurones,
167–168
,
169

Postural hypotension,
126

Potassium,
272

balance,
216
,
337–338

in nerve impulse generation,
140–141

plasma,
26

Potatoes,
266

Pouch of Douglas, rectouterine,
441

Precapillary sphincters,
75

Predisposing factors,
15

Prefrontal cortex (area),
150
f
,
152

Preganglionic neurones,
159
,
167–169

Pregnancy,
14
,
442
,
445

ectopic,
454

gestational diabetes,
227

iron deficiency anaemia,
66

placental function,
109

Preload,
85–86

Premature infants

respiratory distress syndrome,
263

retinopathy of prematurity,
205
,
260

Premolar teeth,
284
,
284
f
,
285
f

Premotor area (cortex),
150
f
,
152

Prepuce,
450

Presbycusis,
202

Presbyopia,
196
,
204

Pressure

effects of tumours,
51

sensation,
151
,
355

ulcers,
363

Prevertebral ganglia,
167
,
168

Prion protein,
178

Progesterone,
109
,
211
,
443–444
,
444
f

in pregnancy,
442

in reproductive cycle,
445
,
446
f

reproductive functions,
446
b

Prognosis,
14b

Projection tracts,
148

Prolactin (PRL),
211
,
212
t
,
447

excess secretion,
221

Prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH),
211
,
212

Prolactin releasing hormone (PRH),
211

Pronation,
402
t
,
403
f
,
406

Pronator quadratus muscle,
417
f
,
418

Pronator teres muscle,
417
f
,
418

Prophase,
31
,
32
f

Proprioception,
154

Proprioceptors,
142
,
157
,
157
t

Propulsion,
278

Prostaglandins (PGs),
24
,
219–220
,
368
t

Prostate gland,
449
,
449
f

benign enlargement,
456

diseases of,
456

malignant tumours,
456

Prostatitis,
456

Protection,
8
t
,
12–14

against external environment,
12–13

against infection,
13

and survival,
8
t
,
13–14
See also
Defence mechanisms

Protein–energy malnutrition (PEM),
274
,
274f

Proteins,
23
,
266
,
268–269

absorption,
296
,
305
t

biological value,
269

digestion,
291
,
295
,
296
,
305
t

functions,
269

membrane,
28

metabolism,
302
,
308–309
,
310
f

synthesis,
430–431
,
430
f
,
431
f