Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (235 page)

transport of substances across,
5
,
31–33
See also
Mucous membranes
See also
Plasma membrane

Membrane potential, resting,
140

Memory, immunological,
366
,
370

Memory B-cells,
371
f
,
372
,
373

Memory T-cells,
370
,
371
f

Menarche,
444

Ménière's disease,
203

Meninges,
145–146
,
146
f

spinal cord,
145–146
,
146
f
,
154
,
155
f

spinal nerves,
160
,
160
f

traumatic injuries,
173

Meningiomas,
183

Meningitis,
177

bacterial,
177

post-traumatic,
174
,
177

viral,
177

Meningocele,
182
,
182f

Meningomyelocele,
182
,
182f

Menisci (semilunar cartilages),
38
,
408
,
408
f

Menopause,
445–446

Menstrual cycle,
442
,
444–445
,
446
f

Menstruation,
14
,
442
,
445

Mesangial cells, renal,
63
,
332–333

Mesentery,
280
,
294

Mesothelioma, pleural,
262

Mesovarium,
442
,
443
f

Messenger RNA (mRNA),
430–431
,
430
f

Metabolic disorders,
15

Metabolic pathways,
305

central,
306
,
310
f

Metabolic rate,
306

autonomic control,
170

basal (BMR),
306

factors affecting,
306
t

Metabolism,
12
,
305–310

aerobic
See
Aerobic metabolism

anaerobic,
22–23
,
308

first pass,
302

inborn errors,
435–436

Metacarpal bones,
398
,
398
f

Metaphase,
31
,
32
f

Metastases,
50–51
,
50t

bone,
422

brain,
183

in bronchial cancer,
262

in colorectal cancer,
321

in gastric carcinoma,
316

liver,
326

lymph node,
135

ovarian,
454

in prostatic cancer,
456

Metatarsal bones,
400
,
400
f

Methotrexate,
259

Metric measures,
465

Microaneurysms,
116

Microbes

defence against
See
Defence mechanisms

in large intestine,
299
See also
Bacterial infections

Microfilaments,
30

Microglia,
63
,
144

response to injury,
145

Microtubules,
30

Microvilli,
30
,
31
f
,
294
,
294
f

Micturition,
12
,
330
,
341

frequency of,
343t
,
349

reflex control,
341
,
341
f

voluntary control,
341
,
342
f

Midbrain,
149
f
,
153

Middle cerebral arteries,
96
,
96
f

Middle meningeal artery,
96

Middle rectal artery,
298

Middle temporal vein,
97
f

Milk,
266–267

Milk ejection,
212
,
447

Mineralocorticoids,
216

hypersecretion,
226

hyposecretion,
226

Minerals,
272–273

Mitochondria,
29
,
29
f

Mitosis,
31
,
32
f
,
432
,
433
f

Mitral valve (left atrioventricular valve),
80
,
81
f

Molar concentration,
20–21
,
21
t

Molar solution,
20–21

Molar teeth,
284
,
284
f
,
285
f

Molarity,
20–21

Mole (in chemistry),
20

Molecular weight,
20

Molecules,
4
,
19–20

important biological,
22–25

Monocyte–macrophage system,
63

Monocytes,
37
,
63

counts,
62
t
,
466

Mononeuropathy,
181

Monosaccharides,
22
,
23
f
,
268

absorption,
296

Montgomery's tubercles,
447

Motion sickness,
203

Motor cortex (area),
150–151
,
150
f
,
151
f

Motor end plates,
157
,
411
,
411
f

Motor homunculus,
151
f

Motor nerves,
9
,
10
,
142

pathways,
151
f
,
157–158

Motor neurone disease,
179–180

Motor neurones,
157–158

diseases of,
179–180
,
179t
See also
Lower motor neurones
See also
Upper motor neurones

Motor speech (Broca's) area,
150
f
,
151
,
152
f

Motor unit,
157
,
411–412

Mouth,
283–285
,
283
f

cleaning and lubricating,
287

congenital disorders,
312

diseases of,
311–312

functions,
288–289

inflammatory/infectious conditions,
311

roof of,
284
f

tumours,
311

ulceration, recurrent,
311

Movement(s),
13

involuntary,
158

of substances within body fluids,
25–26

at synovial joints,
402
,
402
t
,
403
f

voluntary,
45
,
157–158

Mucociliary escalator,
241

Mucosa,
40
,
281
,
282
f

small intestine,
294

stomach,
290
,
290
f
,
291
f

urinary tract,
340
,
341

Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT),
133
,
237

Mucous membranes,
40

alimentary canal,
281
,
282
f

gall bladder,
304

mouth,
283

non-specific defences,
366

nose,
235

pharynx,
237

respiratory tract,
241
,
241
f
,
244–245

uterus,
441

Mucoviscidosis,
258

Mucus,
13
,
40

alimentary canal,
281

gastric,
291

increased, in chronic bronchitis,
255

Multiple myeloma,
135

Multiple sclerosis (MS),
145
,
178–179

Mumps,
312
,
456

Murmurs, heart,
120

Muscle(s)

acting across joints,
402

antagonistic,
412

belly,
410