Richard & John: Kings at War (95 page)

54
Baha al-Din, pp.164-65.

55
R. Grousset,
Histoire des croisades
(Paris, 1936), iii. pp.61-62.

56
Ambroise, p.108; Gabrieli, pp.108-09.

57
Baha al-Din, p.165; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.23.

58
Coggleshall, pp.33-34.

59
Lyons & Jackson, p.333.

60
C. Marshall,
Warfare in the Latin East 1192-1291
, (Cambridge, 1992), p.210.

61
D. Hill,
Islamic Science and Engineering
(Edinburgh, 1993), p.120; Kennedy,
Crusader Castles
, op. cit. p.109; Carole Hillenbrand,
The Crusades. Islamic Perspectives
(Edinburgh, 1999), p.525.

62
Andrew Ehrenkreuz, ‘The Place of Saladin in the naval history of the Mediterranean in the Middle Ages’,
Journal of Arabic and Oriental Studies
75 (1955), pp.100-16.

63
David Miller,
Richard the Lionheart
(2003), pp.80-82.

64
J.R. Sweeney, ‘Hungary and the Crusades, 1169-1218’,
The International History Review
3 (1981), pp.467-81; H. van Werwercke, ‘La contribution de la Flandre et de Hainaut à la troisième croisade’,
Le Moyen Age
78 (1972), pp.55-90.

65
Y. Lev,
War and Society in the Eastern Mediterranean 7th-15th Centuries
(Leiden, 1997), pp.115-22; V.J. Parry & M.E. Yapp,
War, Technology and Society in the Middle East
(1975), pp.100-101; R.C. Smail,
Crusading Warfare
, op. cit. p.83.

66
J. Richard, ‘Les Turcopoles au service des royaumes de Jérusalem et de Chypre: Musulmans convertis ou Chrétiens orientaux?’,
Revue des études islamiques
54 (1986), pp.259-70; Parry & Yapp,
War, Technology and Society
, op. cit. p.116.

67
G.T. Scanlon, trans.
The Muslim Manual of War of al-Ansari
(Cairo, 1961), p.29; John Keegan,
A History of Warfare
(1993), p.294; Hillenbrand,
The Crusades. Islamic Perspectives
, op. cit. pp.513-19.

68
Ambroise, p.110.

69
J.F. Verbruggen,
The Art of Warfare in Western Europe during the Middle Ages
(Woodbridge, 1997), pp.232-39; J. France,
Victory in the East: A Military History of the First Crusade
(Cambridge, 1994), pp.147-49; R.C. Smail,
Crusading Warfare
, op. cit. pp.75-83, 112-15.

70
David Miller,
Richard the Lionheart
, op. cit. pp.166-76, 180-81.

71
Ambroise, p.110.

72
Itinerarium
, pp.248-52.

73
Baha al-Din, p.166; Ibn al-Athir,
el-Kamil
, op. cit. p.249.

74
Ambroise, pp.96, 102, 108; Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, loc. cit. pp.9-10.

75
Baha al-Din, p.170.

76
Ambroise, p.113.

77
Itinerarium
, p.256.

78
Ambroise, p.114.

79
Ibid.

80
Baha al-Din, p.171, Nicholson,
Chronicle
, op. cit. p.242.

81
Itinerarium
, pp.257-58.

82
Ambroise, p.115.

83
Baha al-Din, pp.172-73.

84
Miller,
Richard the Lionheart
, p.91.

85
Ambroise, p.116.

86
Baha al-Din, p.174;
Itinerarium
, p.265.

87
Ambroise, p.119;
Itinerarium
, p.265.

88
Jonathan Riley-Smith,
The Knights of St John in Jerusalem and Cyprus c.1050-1310
(1967), pp.107-08, 112-13, 118-19; van Werwercke, ‘La contribution de la Flandre’, loc. cit. p.86.

89
Ibn al-Athir,
el-Kamil
, p.49;
Itinerarium
, p.269.

90
Ambroise, p.120.

91
Baha al-Din, pp.175-76.

92
Ambroise, pp.121-22;
Itinerarium
, p.272.

93
Ambroise, pp.123-25.

94
Lyons & Jackson, pp.338-39; R.C. Smail,
Crusading Warfare
, p.165.

95
Itinerarium
, pp.261, 277.

96
J. France,
Western Warfare in the Age of the Crusades 1000-1300
(1999), p.142.

CHAPTER 9

1
Imad al-Din,
Conquête de la Syrie
, op. cit. pp.345-46.

2
Itinerarium
, p.283.

3
Ambroise, pp.126-27; Ibn al-Athir,
el-Kamil
, op. cit. pp.51-52.

4
Lyons & Jackson, pp.340-41, 343.

5
Ambroise, pp.128-29;
Itinerarium
, p.286.

6
Ambroise, pp.128-29; Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.347;
Itinerarium
, p.286.

7
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.130-33; Edbury,
Conquest of Jerusalem
, op. cit. pp.179-81.

8
C. Imperiale di Sant’Angelo,
Codice diplomatico della Repubblica di Genova
, 3 vols (Genoa, 1942), iii. pp.19-21, M.L. Favreau-Lilie,
Die Italiener im Heiligen Land
(Amsterdam, 1989), pp.288-93.

9
Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, loc. cit. p.9; Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.182-83.

10
Baha al-Din, p.184.

11
Ibid., pp.185-86.

12
Gabrieli,
Arab Historians
, op. cit. pp.225-26.

13
Baha al-Din, pp.187-88.

14
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, pp.349-51; Gabrieli, op. cit. pp.226-28.

15
Baha al-Din, pp.192-93; Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, pp.352-53;
Itinerarium
, p.292.

16
Ambroise, p.131.

17
Ibid.

18
Baha al-Din, pp.185-88, 193-96.

19
Lyons & Jackson, p.341.

20
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.354; Ambroise, p.132; Gabrieli, op. cit. pp.229-30;
Itinerarium
, pp.297-98.

21
Gabrieli, pp.230-31.

22
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.188-89.

23
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, pp.354-55; Ambroise, p.135.

24
Itinerarium
, pp.298-303.

25
Ambroise, p.136; Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.356;
Itinerarium
, p.307.

26
Ibn al-Athir,
el Kamil
, pp.55-56;
Itinerarium
, p.308.

27
Ambroise, pp.136-37.

28
Itinerarium
, pp.310-12.

29
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, pp.356, 367-68, 371.

30
Ibid., pp.373-75; Ambroise, pp.141, 143; D. Pringle, ‘Richard I and the Walls of Ascalon’,
Palestine Exploration Quarterly
116 (1984), pp.133-47.

31
Itinerarium
, pp.319-20; Ambroise, pp.106, 139, 141.

32
Itinerarium
, pp.321-23; Ambroise, pp.142-43; Favreau-Lilie,
Die Italiener in Heiligen Land
, op. cit. pp.294-95.

33
Ambroise, pp.143-45.

34
Baha al-Din, p.186.

35
Lyons & Jackson, p.347.

36
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.378;
Itinerarium
, pp.324-33.

37
Ambroise, pp.146-48.

38
Sicard of Cremona,
Salimbene de Adam Cronica
, op. cit. p.25.

39
Baha al-Din, pp.195-96, 199-200.

40
Ambroise, p.154; Edbury,
Conquest
, pp.112-13; Edbury, ‘The Templars in Cyprus’, in M. Barber, ed.,
The Military Orders: Fighting for Faith and Caring for the Sick
(Aldershot, 1994), pp.189-91.

41
Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.25; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.118; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.181.

42
Ambroise, pp.149-50;
Itinerarium
, p.338.

43
Lyons & Jackson, p.348.

44
Baha al-Din, pp.200-1.

45
B. Lewis,
The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam
(N.Y., 1967), pp.110-18

46
Ibid., passim, but esp. pp.4-5.

47
Lyons & Jackson, pp.87-88, 105-06.

48
Ambroise, p.151.

49
Baha al-Din, pp.200-1; Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.376; Ibn al-Athir,
el-Kamil
, p.58.

50
Gabrieli, pp.239-41; Kessler,
Richard I Löwenherz
, p.230.

51
Ambroise, p.152; Kessler, op. cit. p.214.

52
P.A. Williams, ‘The Assassination of Conrad of Montferrat: Another Suspect?’,
Traditio
6 (1970), pp.381-88.

53
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.127-28; William of Newburgh, i. pp.363-65, ii. p.457; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.120-21; Edbury,
Conquest
, pp.114-15; M.R. Morgan, ed.,
La Continuation
, op. cit. p.141.

54
Ambroise, p.152.

55
Itinerarium
, p.347; Edbury,
Conquest
, pp.115-16; Favreau-Lilie,
Die Italiener
, pp.304-10; Mohring,
Saladin
, op. cit. p.187.

56
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.104; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.25; Ambroise, pp.153-54; Edbury,
Conquest
, pp.115-16.

57
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.201-03.

58
Itinerarium
, pp.345-47.

59
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.378.

60
Baha al-Din, p.203; Ambroise, pp.155-58; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.180;
Itinerarium
, pp.352-56.

61
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.379; Lyons & Jackson, p.349.

62
Ambroise, p.159;
Itinerarium
, pp.358-59.

63
Ambroise, pp.160-62;
Itinerarium
, pp.360-65.

64
Ambroise, pp.159, 162.

65
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, pp.379-80.

66
Ambroise, pp.164-65;
Itinerarium
, p.370.

67
M.R.B. Shaw, ed. & trans.,
Chronicles of the Crusades
(1963) - translation of Jean de Joinville,
Histoire de Saint Louis
- pp.304-05.

68
Itinerarium
, p.373. For the personalities present see M. Parisse,
Noblesse et chevalerie en Lorraine médiévale: les familles nobles du XIe au XIIIe siècle
(Nancy, 1982), pp.400-01; H. d’Arbois de Jubainville,
Histoire des ducs et comtes de Champagne
(Paris, 1860), iv. p.48; A. Longnon, ed.,
Documents relatifs au comté de Champagne en Brie 1172-1361
(Paris, 1901), p.29; L. Longnon,
Les compagnons de Villehardouin: Recherches sur les croisés de la quatrième croisade
(Geneva, 1978), pp.42-45.

69
Ambroise, pp.166-67; Baha al-Din, p.203.

70
Ambroise, pp.167-68.

71
Ibid., p.168;
Itinerarium
, p.379.

72
Ambroise, p.169.

73
Ibid.; Lyons & Jackson, p.350.

74
Itinerarium
, pp.380-83.

75
Ambroise, p.170.

76
Lyons & Jackson, p.351.

77
Itinerarium
, pp.384-89; Ambroise, pp.171-72.

78
Baha al-Din, pp.206-08.

79
Ibid., pp.208-09.

80
Ibid., p.210; Lyons & Jackson, p.353.

81
Ambroise, p.173.

82
Itinerarium
, pp.392-93; Ambroise, pp.173-74.

83
L. de Mas-Latrie, ed.,
Chronique d’Ernoul
(Paris, 1871), pp.278-79; Coggleshall, pp.52, 91; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.175, 183; Shaw,
Chronicles of the Crusades
, op. cit. p.304.

84
Baha al-Din, p.213.

85
Itinerarium
, pp.397-98.

86
Baha al-Din, pp.214-16; Ambroise, p.175.

87
Itinerarium
, p.399.

88
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, p.384.

89
Ambroise, p.176;
Itinerarium
, p.401.

90
Baha al-Din, pp.217-20;
Itinerarium
, pp.402-03.

91
Itinerarium
, p.405.

92
Ambroise, p.178.

93
Baha al-Din, pp.221-23.

94
Ambroise, pp.179-80;
Itinerarium
, p.408.

95
Baha al-Din, pp.216-20; Ambroise, p.181;
Itinerarium
, pp.412-13.

96
Itinerarium
, pp.413-15.

97
Coggleshall, pp.49-50.

98
Ambroise, pp.182-83;
Itinerarium
, pp.416-24.

99
Baha al-Din, pp.225-26; Ambroise, p.184.

100
Miller,
Richard the Lionheart
, op. cit. p.146.

101
Lyons & Jackson, p.358.

102
Baha al-Din, pp.224-26.

103
Itinerarium
, p.425; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.184.

104
Ambroise, pp.185-86; Lyons & Jackson, p.359.

105
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, pp.389-91;
Itinerarium
, pp.428-29.

106
Gabrieli, pp.234-37.