Richard & John: Kings at War (92 page)

63
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.292.

64
Howden,
Chronica
, iv. p.97; Olivier de Laborderie, ‘L’image de Richard Coeur de Lion dans
La Vie et Mort du Roi Jean
de William Shakespeare’, in Nelson, ed.,
Richard Coeur de Lion
, pp.141-65.

65
A. Lecoy de la Marche, ed.,
Anecdotes historiques . . . d’Etienne de Bourbon
(Paris 1877), pp.211, 431; Broughton,
The Legends of King Richard I
, op. cit. pp.132-36.

66
Adam of Eynsham,
Magna Vita Sancti Hugonis
, ed. D.L. Douie & H. Farmer, 2 vols (Edinburgh, 1962), ii. p.136.

67
Chronicle of Meaux, op. cit. i. p.403.

68
William of Newburgh, i. p.521.

69
R. V. Turner,
King John
(1994), p.216.

70
H.R. Luard, ed.,
Annales Monastici
, 5 vols (RS 1869), i. p.101; C.T. Flower, ed.,
Curia Regis Rolls
, 7 vols (1935), iii. p.321; T.D. Harvey, ed.,
Rotuli Litterarum Patentium
(1835), i. p.117; Matthew Paris,
Chronica Majora
, op. cit. iii. p.41; S. Painter,
The Reign of King John
, op. cit. pp.232-35.

71
Charles Petit-Dutaillis,
L’essor des états d’Occident
(Paris, 1944), p.137.

72
F.S. Haydon, ed.,
Eulogium historiarum
(RS 1863), iii. p.82.

73
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.295-96.

74
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.9.

75
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.50;
Conquest
, op. cit. pp.206-09; Richard of Devizes, p.5; Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.239-40; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.29; Anstruther, ed.,
Radulphi Nigri Chronica
, op. cit. p.95; Andreas of Marchiennes,
Historia Regum Francorum
, op. cit., in MGH, Scriptores 26, p.211.

76
Paden et al., eds,
Bertran de Born
, op. cit. pp.386-87.

77
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.389.

CHAPTER 5

1
J. Richard,
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
, 2 vols (Amsterdam, 1979); J. Prawer,
Histoire du royaume latin de Jérusalem
, 2 vols (Paris, 1970); J. Prawer,
The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem. European Colonialism in the Middle Ages
(1972).

2
J.H. Pryor,
Geography, Technology and War
(Cambridge, 1988), pp.112-116; J. Prawer, ‘Crusader Security and the Red Sea’, in Prawer,
Crusader Institutions
(Oxford, 1980), pp.472-73.

3
Introduction to N. Elisee,
Nur-al-Din
(Damascus, 1967).

4
T.E. Lawrence,
Crusader Castles
(1986).

5
Hugh Kennedy,
Crusader Castles
(1994); R.D. Pringle,
The Red Tower
(1986).

6
P. Deschamps,
Le Crac des Chevaliers
(Paris, 1934).

7
Malcolm C. Lyons & D.E.P. Jackson,
Saladin. The Politics of the Holy War
(Cambridge, 1982), p.286.

8
A.J. Forey,
The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries
(1992); M. Barber,
The New Knighthood. A History of the Order of the Temple
(Cambridge, 1993); Jonathan Riley-Smith,
The Knights of St John in Jerusalem and Cyprus c.1050-1310
(1967).

9
H.E. Mayer, ‘Latins, Muslims and Greeks in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem’,
History
63 (1978), pp.175-92.

10
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, op. cit. p.2.

11
Hamilton A.R. Gibb, ‘The Career of Nur-al-din’, in Marshal W. Baldwin, ed.,
A History of the Crusades
(Philadelphia, 1958), i. pp.513-27.

12
Lyons & Jackson, op. cit. pp.7-27.

13
Andrew Ehrenkreuz,
Saladin
(N.Y., 1972), p.59.

14
H.A.R. Gibb, ‘The Rise of Saladin’, in Baldwin,
History of the Crusades
, op. cit. i. pp.563-89 (at pp.565-66).

15
Ehrenkreuz,
Saladin
, op. cit. pp.72-116.

16
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, pp.68-69.

17
B. Hamilton,
The Leper King and his Heirs: Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
(Cambridge, 2000).

18
Ehrenkreuz,
Saladin
, pp.128-32, 135-38, 143-47, 149-51, 169-81, 184-93; Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, op. cit. pp.196-200, 220-41.

19
Lyons & Jackson, op. cit. p.239.

20
Ehrenkreuz, op. cit. pp.185-88.

21
Ibid., p.171.

22
Bernard Lewis, ‘Saladin and the Assassins’,
Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies
15 (1953), pp.239-45; cf. also Bernard Lewis,
The Assassins: A Radical Sect in Islam
(N.Y., 1968), p.115.

23
Ehrenkreuz, p.161.

24
H.A.R. Gibb, ‘The Achievements of Saladin’, in Gibb,
Studies on the Civilisation of Islam
(Boston, 1962), pp.91-107 (at pp.99-100).

25
Ehrenkreuz, pp.158, 162-63, 182-83.

26
J. Phillipps,
Defenders of the Holy Land: Relations between the Latin East and West to 1187
(Oxford, 1996); R.C. Smail, ‘The Predicaments of Guy of Lusignan’, in B.Z. Kedar, K.E. Mayer & R.C. Smail, eds.
Outremer. Studies in the History of the Crusading Kingdom of Jerusalem Presented to Joshua Prawer
(Jerusalem, 1982), pp.159-76; P.W. Edbury, ‘Propaganda and Faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem: the background to Hattin’, in M. Shatzmuller, ed.,
Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth Century Syria
(Leiden, 1993), pp.173-89.

27
J.O. Prestwich, ‘Richard Coeur de Lion: rex bellicosus’, in Nelson, ed.,
Richard Coeur de Lion in History and Myth
, op. cit. pp.6-7.

28
M.W. Baldwin,
Raymond III of Tripoli and the Fall of Jerusalem 1140-1187
(Princeton, 1936 ).

29
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, op. cit. pp.157-58, 185-87, 218-19, 248.

30
Ibid., pp.247-48.

31
Ibid., pp.249-51; R.C. Smail,
Crusading Warfare 1097-1193
, 2nd ed. (Cambridge, 1995), pp.196-97.

32
Smail,
Crusading Warfare
, p.192.

33
‘L’estoire de Eracles empereur et la conquête de la terre d’outremer. La continuation de l’histoire . . .’, in
Recueil des Historiens des croisades. Historiens occidentaux
(Paris, 1859), ii. p.52.

34
There is a huge literature on Hattin. There are good insights in Baldwin,
Raymond III
, op. cit. pp.96-135; R. Grousset,
Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem
(Paris, 1936), ii. pp.788-799; Steven Runciman,
A History of the Crusades
, 3 vols (Cambridge, 1954), ii. pp.455-60, 486-91; Stanley Lane-Poole,
Saladin
(1906), pp.204-14. The most recent research is in B.Z. Kedar, ‘The Battle of Hattin Revisited’, in B.Z. Kedar,
The Horns of Hattin
(1992), pp.190-207.

35
Ehrenkreuz,
Saladin
, p.202.

36
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, pp.266-72.

37
Ibid., pp.273-77.

38
P.W. Edbury,
The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade. Sources in Translation
(Aldershot, 1996), p.73.

39
C. Tyerman,
England and the Crusades 1095-1588
, cf. Jonathan Phillips,
Defenders of the Holy Land
(Oxford, 1996).

40
H.E. Mayer, ‘Henry II of England and the Holy Land’, EHR 97 (1982), pp.721-739.

41
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.30-32.

42
Ibid., p.34; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.54; Gerald of Wales, viii. p.245.

43
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.90; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.55; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.34-36.

44
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.244-45; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.55; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.36.

45
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.90-92; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.432; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.55.

46
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.453; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.39-40.

47
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.434.

48
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.92; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.45-49.

49
WM, i. pp.375-81.

50
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.188-89; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.47; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.55.

51
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.46.

52
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.435; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.46, 49.

53
WM, i. pp.411-15; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.56; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.48-49.

54
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.92-93; Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.435-36; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.58; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.50.

55
Gerald of Wales, viii. p.283

56
WM, i. pp.417-21.

57
Ibid., p.325; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.436.

58
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.622-23.

59
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.436; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.435; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.93; Kessler,
Richard Löwenherz
, pp.22, 45.

60
Anstruther,
Radulphi Nigri Chronica
, op. cit. p.95; Gerald of Wales, viii. p.232; Kate Norgate,
John Lackland
, p.70.

61
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.622-23.

62
Gerald of Wales, iv. pp.369-72; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.67-71; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.63-67.

63
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.438-39; William of Newburgh, i. p.277-78.

64
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.446-47; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.66-67; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.363.

65
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.282-83.

66
WM, i. p.449; Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.286-87.

67
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.68-70.

68
Gerald of Wales, viii. pp.294-99.

69
Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.366; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.72.

70
WM, i. p.473.

71
Gerald of Wales, viii. p.305; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.367; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.71.

72
WM, i. pp.473-75.

CHAPTER 6

1
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.73-76.

2
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.97.

3
Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.104-05.

4
Jane Martindale, ‘Eleanor of Aquitaine: the Last Years’, in Church,
King John
, op. cit. pp.137-64.

5
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.451.

6
WM, i. p.483.

7
Ibid., p.477.

8
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.67; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.74-75; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. pp.4-5.

9
For Stephen of Tours, see J. Boussard,
Le comte d’Anjou sous Henri Plantagenêt et ses fils 1151-1204
(Paris, 1938), pp.114-17.

10
Coggleshall, p.91; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.75-76.

11
Richard of Devizes, p.384.

12
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.78-83.

13
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.69; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.83-84.

14
N. Golb,
The Jews in Medieval Normandy
(Cambridge, 1998), pp.356-59; H.G. Richardson,
The English Jewry under the Angevin Kings
(1960), pp.164-65; R.B. Dobson,
The Jews of Medieval York and the Massacre of March 1190
(York, 1974); H. Thomas, ‘Portrait of a Medieval Anti-Semite: Richard Malebisse’,
Haskins Society Journal
5 (1993), pp.1-15.

15
Richard of Devizes, p.7; Coggleshall, p.97; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.85.

16
Gerald of Wales, iv. pp.373-79; D.L. Douie,
Geoffrey Plantagenet and the Chapter of York
(York, 1960).

17
Gervase of Canterbury, i. pp.372-439; Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.110-12.

18
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.306-07.

19
H.G. Richardson, ‘The Marriage and Coronation of Isabelle of Angoulême’, EHR 61 (1946), pp.289-314 (at p.289).

20
Appleby,
England without Richard
, op. cit. pp.38-39.

21
Richard of Devizes, pp.382, 392; Gerald of Wales, i. p.186; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.206, iii. pp.217, 321; Lionel Landor,
Itinerary of Richard I
(RS 1935), p.198.

22
Warren,
Henry II
, pp.153-69.

23
Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.8, 34.

24
Gerald of Wales, i. pp.80-84; vi. p.80; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.457; J. Gillingham, ‘Henry II, Richard I and the Lord Rhys’,
Peritia
10 (1996), pp.225-236.

25
Richard of Devizes, p.7.

26
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.97; J. Williams ap Ithel, ed.,
Annales Cambriae
(RS 1860), p.57; Kate Norgate,
Richard the Lionheart
, pp.25-26.