Richard & John: Kings at War (94 page)

46
Ambroise, p.51; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.162-63.

47
R.H. Rudt de Collenberg, ‘L’empereur Isaac de Chypre et sa fille (1155-1207)’,
Byzantion
38 (1968), pp.123-53; P.W. Edbury,
The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades 1191-1374
(Cambridge, 1991), pp.3-4.

48
Imad al-Din,
Conquête de la Syrie et de la Palestine par Saladin
, trans. H. Masse (Paris, 1972), p.291; Ambroise, p.50; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.163-65; J.A. Brundage, ‘Richard the Lionheart and Byzantium’,
Studies in Medieval Culture
6-7 (1976); Brundage,
Richard Lionheart
(N.Y., 1974), p.100; Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, loc. cit. pp.8-9; Kessler,
Richard I Löwenherz
, pp.127-50.

49
M.R. Morgan, ed.,
La continuation de Guillaume de Tyr 1184-1197
(Paris, 1982), pp.115-19; Edbury,
Conquest of Jerusalem
, op. cit. pp.100-104, 176-78.

50
Ambroise, p.50; Mohring,
Saladin
, pp.186-87.

51
Ambroise, pp.51-52; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.163-64; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.107.

52
Chronicle of Meaux, i. pp.257-58.

53
Ambroise, p.53; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.164.

54
Itinerarium
, p.196; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.166-67; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.110; iv. p.164.

55
B. Hamilton,
The Leper King and His Heirs. Baldwin IV and the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
(Cambridge, 2000), pp.150-58; M.W. Baldwin,
Raymond III of Tripoli and the Fall of Jerusalem
, op. cit. pp.35-40, 76-78; P.W. Edbury, ‘Propaganda and Faction in the Kingdom of Jerusalem. The Background to Hattin’, in M. Shatzmiller, ed.,
Crusaders and Muslims in Twelfth Century Syria
(Leiden, 1993), pp.173-89.

56
Ambroise, p.55; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.163-65.

57
Ambroise, p.58; Edbury,
Conquest
, op. cit. p.96; J.W. Baldwin,
The Government of Philip Augustus: Foundations of French Royal Power in the Middle Ages
(Berkeley, 1986), pp.104-06.

58
Ambroise, p.58.

59
Ibid., pp.56-57; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.165.

60
Ambroise, pp.58-59.

61
Ibid., p.59; Edbury,
Kingdom of Cyprus
, op. cit. p.13.

62
Chronicle of Meaux, i. pp.258-59.

63
Itinerarium
, pp.196-203; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.167; Morgan,
La continuation
, op. cit. pp.119-20.

64
Stubbs, ed.,
Chronicles
, RS 38 (1864), i. pp.182-205; Edbury,
Conquest
, p.179.

65
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.167-68, 172-73.

66
Chronicle of Meaux, pp.258-60; Stubbs, ed.,
Chronicles
, ii. p.347; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.118; Edbury,
Conquest
, p.112.

67
Ambroise, p.61; Coggleshall, pp.31-32; Edbury,
Kingdom of Cyprus
, pp.11-12.

68
Rudt de Collenberg, ‘L’empereur Isaac’, loc. cit. pp.23-79 and esp. pp.155-75.

69
Prawer,
Histoire du royaume latin
, op. cit. ii. pp.43-47; D. Jacoby, ‘Crusader Acre in the 13th Century. Urban Layout and Topography’,
Studia Medievali
, 2nd series 10 (1979), pp.1-45.

70
Itinerarium
, p.62; Nicholson,
Chronicle
, op. cit. p.71; D. Jacoby, ‘Montmusard, suburb of Crusader Acre: the first stage of its development’, in B.Z. Kedar, H.E. Mayer & R.C. Smail, eds.,
Outremer
, op. cit. pp.205-13.

71
R. Rogers,
Latin Siege Warfare in the Twelfth Century
(Oxford, 1992), p.215.

72
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, p.299-308.

73
Ambroise, pp.82-84; F. Gabrieli,
Arab Historians of the Crusades
(1969), p.182.

74
Itinerarium
, pp.342-43; Lyons & Jackson, pp.310-11.

75
Andreas Dandolo,
Chronica per extensum descripta
, ed. Pastorello (Bologna, 1938), pp.270-72; Rogers,
Latin Siege Warfare
, op. cit. p.214.

76
R. Rohricht, ‘Die Belagerung von Akka (1189-91)’, in
Forschungen zur Deutschen Geschichte
16 (1876), pp.493-514.

77
Ehrenkreuz,
Saladin
, p.214.

78
Baha al-Din Ibn Shaddad,
The Rare and Excellent History of Saladin
, trans. D.S. Richards - hereinafter Baha al-Din - (Aldershot, 2001), pp.110-111;
Itinerarium
, p.325; Rohricht, ‘Belagerung’, loc. cit. pp.497-98; D.R. Hill & A.Y. al-Hassan,
Islamic Technology. An Illustrated History
(Cambridge, 1986), pp.109-12.

79
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, op. cit. p.313.

80
Ambroise, p.81; Baldwin,
Government of Philip Augustus
, op. cit. pp.8-9.

81
Baha al-Din, pp.130-31; Ambroise, p.85.

82
E. Warhops,
The Flemish Nobility before 1300
, trans. J.B. Ross & H. Vandermoere (Hortrijk, 1975), pp.325-26; J. Falmagne,
Baudouin V Comte de Hainaut 1150-1195
(Montreal, 1966), pp.119-22; H. van Werwercke, ‘La constitution de la Flandre et du Hainaut à la troisième croisade’,
Le Moyen Age
78 (1972), pp.55-90 (at pp.58, 67-68, 85); P. Riant,
Expéditions et pèlerinages des Scandinaves en Terre Sainte au temps des croisades
(Paris, 1865), pp.275-86.

83
Lyons & Jackson, pp.315-17.

84
Baha al-Din, pp.129-33.

85
Baha al-Din, p.127; Ambroise, pp.84-85; Rohricht, ‘Belagerung’, loc., cit. p.503.

86
Baha al-Din, p.127; Lyons & Jackson, p.317.

87
Ambroise, p.88; Lyons & Jackson, pp.317-21.

88
Lyons & Jackson, pp.317-18.

89
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.21 (also Appendix to Preface pp.cv-cxxvi, esp. cxi-cxii).

90
Ambroise, pp.88-92.

91
Baha al-Din passim; Ambroise, pp.74, 76, 81; Rohricht, ‘Belagerung’, loc. cit. p.520; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, pp.156-58.

92
Haymar’s
Expugnatio
in Howden,
Chronica
, ibid., pp.cxxv-cxxvi; Lyons & Jackson, pp.322-23.

93
Lyons & Jackson, p.325.

94
Baha al-Din, pp.147-48; Ambroise, p.94; F. Gabrieli,
Arab Historians of the Crusades
(1969), p.212; Lyons & Jackson, p.326; T.A. Archer,
The Crusade of Richard I, 1189-92
(1888), p.55.

CHAPTER 8

1
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.168.

2
Sicard of Cremona in G. Scalia, ed.,
Salimbene de Adam Cronica
(Bari, 1966), p.22; Ambroise, p.63; J.R. Partington,
A History of Greek Fire and Gunpowder
(Cambridge, 1960), p.18.

3
Baha al-Din, p.151.

4
Itinerarium
, pp.206-09; Ambroise, p.64.

5
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.108-09; Archer,
Crusade of Richard I
, op. cit. p.55; Bradbury,
Philip Augustus
, p.90.

6
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.169; R. Rohricht,
Geschichte des Königsreich Jerusalem 1100-1291
(Innsbruck, 1898), pp.547-49.

7
Gabrieli,
Arab Historians
, op. cit. p.213; Pryor,
Geography, Technology and War
, pp.43-54.

8
Ambroise, pp.65-66.

9
Ibid., pp.95-96.

10
Rohricht,
Geschichte
, op. cit. pp.551-52; Rogers,
Latin Siege Warfare
, pp.226-28; Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, p.327.

11
Ambroise, p.95; for the chronic illness, see William of Newburgh, i. p.306.

12
Gabrieli,
Arab Historians
, pp.205-06; Lyons & Jackson, pp.327-28.

13
Itinerarium
, p.225; Baha al-Din, pp.153-56.

14
Ambroise, p.100; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.172-74; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.117-20.

15
Lyons & Jackson, p.329; Rogers,
Latin Siege Warfare
, pp.228-29.

16
Baha al-Din, p.160; Gabrieli, p.220; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.174-76.

17
Baha al-Din, pp.161-62; Gabrieli, p.222.

18
Baha al-Din, p.161; Ambroise, p.104.

19
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.178-79.

20
Imad al-Din, op. cit. pp.317-18; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.22; cf. also Pryor,
Geography, Technology and War
, pp.125-30.

21
Baha al-Din, p.161; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.173-74.

22
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.72; Prawer,
Histoire du royaume latin
, op. cit. ii. p.46.

23
Ambroise, pp.95-96; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.106; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.170, 176; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.113.

24
Ambroise, pp.100-01; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.116-18.

25
Rogers,
Latin Siege Warfare
, pp.232-35.

26
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, op. cit. pp.304-05; lbn al-Athir,
el-Kamil
in
Recueil des historiens: historiens orientaux
, ii. Pt. 1 (Paris, 1887), p.51.

27
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.171, 179-82; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.123; Cheney & Semple,
Selected Letters
, pp.6-7.

28
Coggleshall, p.31; Prestwich, ‘Rex bellicosus’, in Nelson, ed.,
Richard Coeur de Lion
, op. cit. p.8.

29
Itinerarium
, p.236; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.181-83.

30
Itinerarium
, p.235; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.183-84.

31
Itinerarium
, p.239; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.184.

32
William of Newburgh, i. pp.350, 354;
Itinerarium
, p.200.

33
Ambroise p.105; Richard of Devizes, p.78; Sicard of Cremona, op. cit. p.23; Andreas of Marchiennes,
Historia regum Francorum
, MGH, Scriptores xxvi. p.212; Howden,
Gesta
ii. pp.183-85.

34
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.108-10, 115-17, 193; Richard of Devizes, p.80; Ambroise, p.152; A. Maalouf,
The Crusades through Arab Eyes
(1984), p.213.

35
Andreas of Marchiennes,
Sigeberti Continuatio Aquicincta
, MGH, Scriptores pp.427-28; A. Chroust, ed.
Historia de Expeditione Friderici de Ansbert
, MGH, Scriptores (1929), p.100; G. Duby,
France in the Middle Ages 987-1460
, trans. J. Vale (Oxford, 1991), p.212; Baldwin,
Government of Philip Augustus
, op. cit. p.22; C. Petit-Dutaillis,
Feudal Monarchy in France and England from the Tenth to the Thirteenth Centuries
(1936), p.181.

36
Itinerarium
, p.239; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.192-98, 203-06, 227-30; Bradbury,
Philip Augustus
, p.96.

37
Chroust, ed.
Historia de Expeditione
, op. cit. p.98.

38
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.118; Richard of Devizes, pp.146-47; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.514; ii. p.88; Coggleshall, p.59; A. Hofmeister, ed.,
Chronica of Otto of St Blasien
, MGH SRG (1912), p.54; A. Cartellieri,
Philip II August, König von Frankreich
, 4 vols (Leipzig, 1922), ii. pp.240-44.

39
Chroust, ed.,
Historia de Expeditione
p.98; Hofmeister,
Chronica of Otto
, op. cit. pp.53-54; H. Bloch, ed.,
Annales Marbacenses
, MGH SRG (1907), p.165.

40
Richard of Devizes, p.46; Gillingham,
Richard I
, pp.224-26.

41
Richard of Devizes, p.80; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.120-21;
Itinerarium
, p.238.

42
Ambroise, p.152.

43
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.209.

44
Chroust, ed.,
Historia de Expeditione
, p.100; Hofmeister,
Chronica of Otto
, p.56; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.228; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.67; Csendes,
Heinrich VI
, op. cit. p.104.

45
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.186-87.

46
Itinerarium
, p.241.

47
Ambroise, p.107.

48
Itinerarium
, pp.242-43.

49
Howden,
Gesta
ii. pp.186-89.

50
Itinerarium
, p.246; Gabrieli,
Arab Historians
, pp.223-24.

51
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.117-18; ii. pp.218-24; S.D. White, ‘The Politics of Anger’, in B.H. Rosenwein,
Anger’s Past
(Ithaca, 1998), pp.127-52.

52
Imad al-Din,
Conquête
, op. cit. pp.328-30.

53
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.189-90; Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.131.