Richard & John: Kings at War (93 page)

27
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.81, 97-98; Gerald of Wales, viii. p.156;
Foedera
, op. cit. i. p.50.

28
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.99.

29
Ibid., i. p.292.

30
Ibid., ii. p.77; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.8.

31
Gerald of Wales, viii. p.316.

32
Richard of Devizes, pp.7-9; Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.12, 68.

33
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.91.

34
Richard Heiser, ‘The Sheriffs of Richard I: Trends of Management as seen in the Shrieval Appointments from 1189 to 1194’,
Haskins Society Journal
4 (1992), pp.109-22; Heiser, ‘Richard I and his Appointments to English Shrievalties’, EHR 112 (1997), pp.1-19.

35
Jonathan Riley-Smith, ed.,
The Crusades, Idea and Reality
(1981), pp.63-67; James A. Brundage, ‘The Crusade of Richard I: Two Canonical Quaestiones’,
Speculum
38 (1963), pp.443-52.

36
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.90.

37
Howlett,
Chronicles
, iii. p.388.

38
William of Newburgh, i. pp.301-02, 408; A.L. Poole,
Domesday Book to Magna Carta
(Oxford, 1955), p.349.

39
Richard of Devizes, p.6.

40
Gillingham,
Richard I
, p.120.

41
Gerald of Wales, iv. p.380; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.101;
Chronica
, iii. p.28.

42
Paden, Sankovitch & Stablein,
Bertran de Born
, pp.380-81.

43
Bradbury,
Philip Augustus
, p.78; Kessler,
Richard Löwenherz
, pp.62-65.

44
Boussard,
Le comté d’Anjou
, op. cit. pp.114-17; Landon,
Itinerary
, op. cit. pp.25-26. On
teste me ipso
, see J.C. Holt, ‘Ricardus rex Anglorum et dux Normannorum’, in Holt,
Magna Carta and Medieval Government
(1985), pp.29-30.

45
W. Stubbs, ed.,
Itinerarium
in
Chronicles and Memorials of the reign of Richard I
(RS 1864), i. p.146; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.77; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.97-98.

46
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.35.

47
J. Gillingham, ‘Richard I and Berengaria of Navarre’, BIHR 53 (1980), pp.157-72.

48
Gillingham,
Richard Coeur de Lion
(1994), pp.119-39.

49
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.110-11; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.36.

50
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.115-22.

51
Ibid., p.111; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.36-37.

52
D. Matthew,
The Norman Kingdom of Sicily
(Cambridge, 1992), pp.74-75.

53
Marianne Ailes, ed. & trans.,
The History of the Holy War or Ambroise’s Estoire de la Guerre sainte
- hereinafter Ambroise - (Woodbridge, 2003), ii. p.35; Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.97-98.

54
For other implications of the Vézelay agreement, see C.R. Cheney & W.H. Semple, eds,
Selected Letters of Pope Innocent III Concerning England
(1953), p.6; M. Keen, ‘Brotherhood in Arms’,
History
47 (1962), pp.1-17; M.J. Ailes, ‘The Medieval Male Couple and the Language of Homosociality’, in D.M. Hadley, ed.,
Masculinity in Medieval Europe
(1999), pp.214-37 (at p.221).

55
Ambroise, p.36;
Itinerarium
, p.151.

56
Itinerarium
, p.153.

57
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.73; Coggleshall, p.26.

58
William of Newburgh, i. pp.303-305.

59
Coggleshall, pp.28-29.

60
Gerald of Wales, iv. pp.418-20; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.216; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.142.

61
Pipe Roll 2 Richard I, p.116; Pipe Roll 9 Richard I, p.xxvi.

62
Landon,
Itinerary
, pp.215-18.

63
William of Newburgh, i. p.333.

64
Pipe Roll 2 Richard I, p.21.

65
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.110.

66
Thomas, ‘Portrait of a Medieval Antisemite’, loc. cit. pp.1-15.

67
William of Newburgh, i. pp.337-38; Howlett,
Chronicles
, iii. p.406.

68
Howden,
Chronica
, iii., p.64.

69
Landon,
Itinerary
, p.196.

70
William of Newburgh, i. p.335.

71
Richard of Devizes, iii. p.392; Gerald of Wales, i. p.86.

72
Recueil des Actes de Henri II
, op. cit. p.108.

73
Gerald of Wales, iv. p.200; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.90.

74
Itinerarium
, p.176; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.100; Landon,
Itinerary
, pp.192-94.

75
Richard of Devizes, pp.402-06; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.207; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.141; Appleby,
England without Richard
, pp.61-62; F.J. West,
The Justiciarship in England 1066-1232
(Cambridge, 1966), pp.69-77.

76
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.497; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.135.

77
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.96; Gerald of Wales, iv. p.389; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.106; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.135.

78
Pipe Roll 3 Richard I, p.141; Richard of Devizes, iii. p.392; Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.505; Ralph of Diceto, ii. pp.97-101; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.211; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.250.

79
Howden,
Chronica
, lxx-lxxxii.

80
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.215-20.

81
Richard of Devizes, iii. pp.415-16; Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.99; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.140; J.H. Round,
The Commune of London
(1899), p.207.

82
Gerald of Wales, iv. p.213; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.207, 221, 242; Landor,
Itinerary
, pp.215-18; H. Tillmann,
Die Päpstlichen Legaten in England
(1954), p.87.

83
Richard of Devizes, p.406.

84
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.236; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.204.

85
Richard of Devizes, pp.433-35; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.239.

86
Lyons & Jackson,
Saladin
, pp.280-81; Ehrenkreuz,
Saladin
, pp.209-10.

87
Ehrenkreuz, p.195.

88
Lyons & Jackson, p.290.

89
D. Jacoby, ‘Conrad, Marquis of Montferrat and the kingdom of Jerusalem 1187-92’, in
Atti del Congresso Internazionale ‘Dai Feudi Monterrini e dai Piemonte Nuovi Mondi Oltre gli Oceani, Alessandria 2-6 Aprile 1990
(Alessandria, 1993), pp.187-238; Bourrienne,
Memoirs of Napoleon Bonaparte
(Paris, 1831), p.158.

90
Lyons & Jackson, pp.279-83.

91
S. Lane-Poole,
Saladin and the Fall of the Kingdom of Jerusalem
(1906), p.243.

92
Ehrenkreuz, p.211.

93
Charles N. Brand, ‘The Byzantines and Saladin, 1185-1192: Opponents of the Third Crusade’,
Speculum
37 (1962), pp.167-81; cf. also C.N. Brand,
Byzantium Confronts the West, 1180-1204
(Cambridge, Mass, 1968).

94
Lyons & Jackson, pp.292-95.

95
Ibid., pp.297-98.

96
Ibid., pp.301-04.

97
Edgar N. Johnson, ‘The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI’, in R.L. Wolf & Harry W. Hazard,
The Later Crusades 1189-1311
(Madison, 1989), pp.87-122; R. Hiestand, ‘precipua tocius christianismi columna: Babarossa und der Kreuzzug’, in A. Haverkamp, ed.,
Friedrich Barbarossa
:
Handlungsspielräume und Wirkungsweisen des staufischen Kaisers
(Sigmaringen 1992), pp.51-108;
Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris
in A. Chroust, ed.,
Quellen zur Geschichte des Kreuzzuges Kaiser Friedrichs I
(Berlin, 1928).

98
Lyons & Jackson, pp.313-16.

CHAPTER 7

1
W. Stubbs, ed.,
Chronicles and Memorials of the Reign of Richard I
(R 1865), ii. pp.328-29; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.42; P.W. Edbury,
The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade
(Aldershot, 1996), p.171.

2
C. Imperiale si Sant’Angelo,
Codice diplomatico della Repubblica di Genova
, 3 vols (Genoa, 1942), ii. pp.366-68.

3
Richard of Devizes, p.15; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, op. cit. p.81.

4
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.112-13; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.39.

5
Ralph of Diceto, ii. p.84; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.114-15; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.41.

6
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.124.

7
Ibid., pp.124-25; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.41, 54.

8
R.H.F. Lindemann, ‘The English
Esnecca
in Northern European Sources’,
Mariner’s Mirror
74 (1988), pp.75-82; Pryor,
Geography, Technology and War
, op. cit. pp.57-60; J.H. Pryor, ‘Transportation of Horses by Sea during the Era of the Crusades: 8th century to 1285’,
Mariner’s Mirror
68 (1982), pp.9-27, 103-25; N.A.A. Rodger,
The Safeguard of the Sea: A Naval History of Great Britain
(1997), i. pp.46-47.

9
Ambroise, p.38; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.125-26.

10
D.J.A. Matthew,
The Norman Kingdom of Sicily
(Cambridge, 1992), pp.286-91; John Julius Norwich,
The Kingdom in the Sun
(1970), pp.356-61.

11
E. Jamison,
Admiral Eugenius of Sicily
(1957), pp.80-85.

12
Roger of Devizes, p.17; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.132-33.

13
Roger of Devizes, p.17.

14
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.126.

15
Ambroise, pp.39-40.

16
Ibid., p.40; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.127-28, 138; cf. also H. Mohring,
Saladin und der dritte Kreuzzug
(Wiesbaden, 1980), pp.149-52.

17
Roger of Devizes, pp.19-22.

18
Itinerarium
, p.162; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.128-29.

19
Ambroise, p.41.

20
Ibid., p.42.

21
Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.58.

22
Ambroise, pp.42-43; Nicolson,
Chronicle of the Third Crusade
, op. cit. p.164.

23
Ambroise, p.44; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.138.

24
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.133-35; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.61-64; Mohring,
Saladin
, op. cit. pp.190-207.

25
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.106; William of Newburgh, i. p.335; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.101, 140.

26
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. p.106; Cheney & Semple, eds,
Selected Letters
, op. cit. p.6.

27
Richard of Devizes, pp.16-17; Ambroise, p.46.

28
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.129-32; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. p.58.

29
Landon,
Itinerary
, p.44.

30
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.142-43, 151-55; Howden,
Chronica
, iii. pp.71, 80-86; iv. pp.161-62; Marcus Bull & Norman Housley,
The Experience of Crusading
, 2 vols (Cambridge, 2003), i. p.128.

31
Gervase of Canterbury, i. p.488; Ambroise, p.46.

32
Boyd,
Eleanor, April Queen
, op. cit. p.269.

33
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.155-57;
Chronica
, iii. p.95.

34
Howden,
Gesta
, ii. pp.157-60; M. Warren, ‘Roger of Howden strikes back: investing Arthur of Britanny with the Anglo-Norman Future’, ANS 21 (1998), pp.261-72.

35
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, iv. p.129; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.160; Kessler,
Richard I Löwenherz
, p.40.

36
Landon,
Itinerary
, pp.228-32; Kessler,
Richard I Löwenherz
, pp.72-73.

37
Itinerarium
, p.175; Howden,
Gesta
, ii. p.161.

38
Rigord,
Oeuvres
, i. pp.107-08; Kessler,
Richard I Löwenherz
, p.75.

39
Itinerarium
, p.176.

40
Ibid., p.175.

41
William of Newburgh, i. p.346; Richard of Devizes, p.25; Ambroise, p.47.

42
Itinerarium
, p.179.

43
Richard of Devizes, pp.28, 35; Tyerman,
England and the Crusades
, p.66.

44
Howden,
Chronica
, ii. p.51; Pryor,
Geography, Technology and War
, pp.69-71.

45
Itinerarium
, pp.179-84.