Knowledge in the Time of Cholera (61 page)

sick-building syndrome,
252

single case study method,
250
,
259n14

smallpox,
131
,
260n21
,
264n6
,
266n7

Smith, Joseph,
130

Smith, Stephen,
130–31

Smith, Theobald,
202

Snow, John,
7
,
118
,
260n21
,
263n3

social epistemology,
244
,
258n6

socialized medicine,
237

social movements, role in epistemological debates,
235

sociology of science downstream,
14
,
17
,
82
,
155
,
232
,
248
,
250

sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK): and discovery,
152–53
,
155
; and epistemology,
15
,
259n10
; and laboratory analysis,
193
; and sociology of professions,
12–13
,
14
,
228

Spanish influenza,
1–2
,
19

specificity, doctrine of,
44
,
261n3

specific performances of expertise,
14

Spencer, C. L.,
55

Spencer,
Thomas,
39–40

SS
City of Berlin
,
186

SS
Moravia
,
185–86

Standard Oil,
196
,
197
,
198–99
,
226
,
235

Starr, Paul,
8–9
,
152
,
237
,
257–58n4
,
258n5

state legislatures: and allopathic/regular physicians,
1
,
26
,
38–39
,
59–60
,
70–71
,
96
,
145–46
,
189
,
208
,
213
,
218
,
226
,
233
,
236
; and alternative medical movements,
1
,
68–69
,
70
,
71
,
213
,
218
,
224
,
233
; and education reform,
208
; and epistemic contests,
26
,
27
,
38
,
39
,
59–60
,
69–70
,
71
,
78
,
93–94
,
189
,
196
,
213
,
218
,
233
; and homeopathy,
26
,
57
,
69
,
71
,
93
,
102
,
103
,
143–44
,
198
,
213
,
218
; and medical professionalization,
27
,
236
,
242
; and quackery,
65
,
66
,
80
,
96
.
See also
New York State legislature

statistics: and homeopathy,
56–58
,
63
,
64
,
79
,
90
,
91
,
101
,
107
,
118
,
124–25
; and numeracy,
58
,
64
,
89
; and sanitary movement,
121
,
124–25

Sternberg, George,
186

stethoscope,
84
,
88

structuration theory,
261n2

suffrage, expansion of,
61–62

syphilis,
239

Taylor, Zachary,
78

TCP pilus,
25

therapeutic interventions: and bacteriological model,
7
,
24–25
; for cholera,
1
,
32
,
33
,
36–37
,
41–42
,
45
,
48
,
49
,
51
,
52
,
54
,
74
,
77–78
,
79
,
90–91
,
102
,
224
,
261n4
; and developments in medical knowledge,
6
; and epistemic contests,
251
; and germ theory,
180
; and homeopathy,
56
,
102
,
180–81
,
214–15
,
216
; and laboratory analysis,
210
,
239
; and Thomsonism,
50–51
,
53

Thompson, E. P.,
6

Thomson, John,
54

Thomson, Samuel,
50
,
51
,
52–53
,
78–79

Thomsonian Messenger
,
52

Thomsonism: and democratization of medical knowledge,
50–54
,
59
,
63
,
64–65
,
69
,
87
,
261–62n10
; and epistemic contests,
38
,
59
,
67
,
71
,
78
,
224
; as grassroots medical movement,
26
; homeopathy compared to,
55
; infighting of,
78–79
; and medical epistemology,
234
; and repeal of medical licensing laws,
53
,
54
,
64
; styles of reasoning,
59
; and women,
50
,
261n5

Thuillier, Louis,
148

transportation, and cholera,
33
,
47
,
74
,
76

trust: allocation of,
246
; and allopathic/regular physicians,
45
,
47
; cultural norms of,
14
; and epistemic authority,
18
,
115
; and epistemic contests,
20
; epistemic trustworthiness,
126–35
; and laboratory analysis,
244
; and statistics,
58

truth claims: and epistemic contests,
232
,
249
; historical-epistemological context of,
10
,
11–12
,
248
,
255
; and medical professionalization,
12–13
; and sociology of scientific knowledge,
15
; and Thomsonism,
53

truth-wins-out narrative: and bacteriological paradigm,
6
,
7
,
9
,
24
,
239
; and laboratory analysis,
265n1
; logic of,
7
,
9
; and medical epistemology,
5–6
; and medical professionalization,
6
,
7
,
8
,
10
; resiliency of,
7–8

tuberculosis,
23
,
149
,
160
,
179–80
,
239

Tufts University,
207

Twain, Mark,
76

Tyndall, John,
259n15

typhus epidemics,
264n2

uniform law of mortality,
121

Union Army, and homeopathy,
104–5
,
106
,
262–63n7

University of Michigan,
103–4
,
105
,
106

urbanization, and cholera,
47

U.S. Collector of the Port of New York,
186

U.S. medical system: economics of,
229
; exceptionalism of,
5
,
29
,
228–30
,
236–37
,
243
; histories of,
6
,
234–37
; organizational changes in,
237
; politics of,
237–38

vaccination: and bacteriological paradigm,
24
; and cholera,
183
,
184
,
265n6
; and homeopathy,
163–64
; and Koch's findings,
170
; logic of,
164
,
264n6
; for smallpox,
266n7

Van Buren, Martin,
62

Venezuela,
240

Vibrio cholerae
,
7
,
25
,
240
,
241

Waldor, Matthew K.,
25

Warner, John Harley,
261n3

Weiss, Ernst,
265n2

Welch, William: and bacteriological paradigm,
167
,
172
,
176
,
186
; and connections to Koch's laboratory,
176
,
226
; and education reforms,
172–73
,
204–5
,
208
,
209
; and Abraham Flexner,
206
; and German-American network,
173
,
177
; network of bacteriologists,
174
–
75
,
200
,
201–2
,
206
,
211
; and Rockefeller philanthropies,
173
,
201–2
,
208
; “Welch Rabbits,”
173
,
173

Wells, P. P.,
56

Wendt, E. C.,
165

Whig Party,
61
,
62

Wilcox, DeWitt G.,
215

women: and medical education,
245
; and Thomsonism,
50
,
261n5

Worboys, Michael,
260n22

World Health Organization (WHO),
240

yellow fever,
23
,
56
,
239
,
260n19