Europe: A History (262 page)

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Authors: Norman Davies

Tags: #Europe, #History, #General

BOOK: Europe: A History
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Bulgaria, Medieval and Modern

German Emperors and Kings of France

Carolingian Dynasty
d741
Charles Martel, Duke of the Franks
741–54
Carloman, Mayor of Austrasia
741–68
Pepin III, Mayor of Neustria 752 King Pepin | of the Franks
768–814
Charles | the Great (Charlemagne
*
)
814–40
Louis | the Debonair of Aquitaine*
840–55
Lothair, King of Italy*
855–75
Lewis II, King of Italy*
855–76
Lewis the German of Bavaria, King of Germany
876–82
Lewis the Saxon
875–7
Charles II le Chauve, King of Neustria*
877–9
Louis II, King of France
879–82
Louis III, King of France
882–4
Carloman, King of France
882–5
Charles the Fat*
891–4
Wido of Spoleto*
893–928
Charles III the Simple, King of France
887–99
Arnuif, King of Germany*
896–9
Lambert of Spoleto*
901–5
Lewis, King of Provence*
KINGDOM OF FRANCE
Saxon Dynasty
918–36
Henry I, the Fowler, King of Germany
928–54
Louis IV d’Outremer, King of France
954–85
Lothair, King of France
986–7
Louis V, le Faineant, King of France
Capetian Dynasty
987–96
Hugues Capet
996–1031
Robert le Pieux
1031–60
Henri |
1060–1108
Philippe |
1108–37
Louis VI le Gros
1137–80
Louis VII
1180–1223
Philippe-Auguste
1223–6
Louis VIII
1226–70
Louis IX, St.
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
936(62)–73
Otto I,* The Great
973–83
Otto II*
983–1002
Otto III*
1002–24
Henry II*
Salian or Franconian Dynasty
1024–39
Conrad II*
1039–56
Henry III*
1056–1106
Henry IV*
1106–25
Henry V*
1125–37
Lothair II* of Saxony
Hohenstauffen Dynasty
1138–52
Conrad III
1152–90
Frederick | Barbarossa*
[1177–80
Rudolf of Swabia]
[1081–8
Hermann of Luxemburg]
1190–7
Henry VI*
1198–1218
Otto IV* of Brunswick (Guelph)
[1198–1208
Philip of Hohenstaufen]
1211–50
Frederick II*
[1246–50
Henry Raspe of Thuringia]
[1247–56
William of Holland]

 

KINGDOM OF FRANCE
1270–85
Philippe III le Hardi
1285–1314
Philippe IV le Bel
1314–16
Louis X
1316–22
Philippe V
Valois Dynasty
1322–8
Charles IV
1328–50
Philippe VI
1350–64
Jean Le Bon
1364–80
Charles V le Sage
1380–1422
Charles VI le Simple
1422–61
Charles VII le Bien Aimé
1461–83
Louis XI
1483–98
Charles VIII
1498–1515
Louis XII
1515–47
Francis I
1547–59
Henri II
1559–60
Francis II
1560–74
Charles IX
1574–89
Henri III
Bourbon Dynasty
1589–1610
Henri IV
1610–43
Louis XIII
1643–1715
Louis XIV
1715–74
Louis XV
1774–93
Louis XVI
1793–5
Louis XVII
Napoleonic Empire
1804–15
Napoleon I*
Bourbon Restoration
1814–24
Louis XVIII
1824–30
Charles X
1830–48
Louis-Philippe
Napoleonic Restoration
1852–70
Napoleon III*
HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE
1250–4
Conrad I
[1257–72
Richard of Cornwall]
[1257–75
Alfonso X of Castile]
1273–91
Rudolf I of Habsburg
1292–8
Adolph of Nassau
1298–1308
Albert I of Habsburg
1308–13
Henry VII* of Luxemburg
1314–47
Lewis IV* of Wittelsbach = Matilda of Habsburg
[1314–30
Frederick the Fair of Habsburg]
1346–78
Charles IV* of Luxemburg
[1349
Gunther of Schwartzburg]
1378–1400
Wenceslas of Luxemburg
1400–10
Rupert of the Palatinate
1410–37
Sigismund* of Luxemburg
[1410–11
Jobst of Moravia]
Habsburg Dynasty
1438–9
Albert
1440–93
Frederick III
1493–1519
Maximilian I*
1519–56
Charles V*
1556–64
Ferdinand I*
1564–76
Maximilian II*
1576–1612
Rudolf II*
1612–37
Ferdinand II*
1637–57
Ferdinand III*
1658–1705
Leopold I*
1705–11
Joseph I*
1711–40
Charles VI*
1742–5
Charles VII* of Bavaria
1745–65
Francis I* of Lorraine = Maria Theresa, Habsburg
1765–90
Joseph II*
1790–2
Leopold II*
1792–1806
Francis II* (Francis I)
Habsburg Emperors of Austria
1804–35
Francis I*
1835–48
Ferdinand I*
1848–1916
Francis-Joseph I*
1916–18
Charles I*
Hohenzollern Emperors of Germany
1871–88
William I* of Prussia
1888
Frederick III*
1888–1918
William II*

European University Foundations, 1089–1912

Bologna
1088
Paris
c
.1150
Oxford
1167
Salerno
*
1173
Palenzia
c
.1178
Reggio
1188
Vicenza
1204
Cambridge*
1209
Salamanca
1218–19
Padua
1222
Naples
1224
Vercelli
1228
Toulouse
1229
Piacenza
1248
Valladolid
c
.1237
Seville
1254
Arezzo*
1255
Montpellier*
1289
Lisbon
1290
Macerata
13th cent.
Lerida
1300
Rome
1303
Avignon
1303
Orléans
1306
Perugia
1308
Coimbra
1308
Treviso
1318
Cahors
1332
Angers
1337
Grenoble
1339(1542)
Pisa
1343
Prague
1347
Perpignan
1350
Huesca
1354
Sienna*
1357
Pavia
1361
Kraków
1364(1400)
Vienna
1365
Orange
1365
Pecs (Fünfkirchen)
1367
Erfurt
1379
Heidelberg
1385
Cologne
1388
Buda (Ofen)
1389
Ferrara
1391
Barcelona
1401 (1450)
Wurzburg
1402
Turin
1404
Aix-en-Provence
1409
Leipzig
1409
St Andrews
1411
Rostock
1419
Dole
1422
Louvain
1425
Poitiers
1431
Caen
1432
Bordeaux
1441
Catania
1434–44
Barcelona
1450
Glasgow
1451
Valence
1452
Greifswald
1456
Freiburg
1457
Basel
1459
Ingolstadt
1459(1472)
Nantes
1460
Bourges
1463
Bratislava (Pressburg)
1465
Genoa*
1471
Trier
1452(1473)
Saragossa
1474
Mainz
1476
Tubingen
1476
Uppsala
1477
Copenhagen
1475(1479)
Palma
1483
Aberdeen
1495
Frankfurt/Oder
1498
Alcala
1499
Valencia
1500
Wittenberg
1502
Avila
1504
Marburg
1527
Granada
1531
Kõnigsberg
1544
Jena
1558
Geneva
1559(1876)
Olomouc
1570
Leiden
1572
Oviedo
1574(1608)
Helmstedt
1575
Vilnius
1578
Altdorf*
1578
Edinburgh
1582
Graz
1586
Dublin
1592
Cagliari
1596
Harderwijk
1600
Giessen
1607
Groningen
1614
Rinteln
1621
Strasbourg*
1621
Salzburg
1623
Dorpat
1632
Utrecht
1634
Sassari
1634
Pest (Tymau) Nagyszembat
1635
Abo (Helsinki)
1640
Bamberg
1648
Durham
1657(1837)
Kiel
1665
Lund
1666
Innsbruck
1672
Modena*
1683
Besançon
1691
Halle
1693
Breslau
1702
Dijon
1722
Camerino
1727
Göttingen
1733
Erlangen
1743
Moscow
1755
Ljubljana
1774
Zagreb*
1776
Palermo*
1779
Lemberg (Lwów)
1784
Kharkov
1804
Kazan
1804
Lille
1808
Lyons
1808
Rennes
1808
Berlin
1810
Christiania (Oslo)
1811
Genoa*
1812
Ghent
1815
Liège*
1815
Warsaw
1816
Bonn
1818
St Petersburg
1819
Madrid
1822
London
1826
Munich*
1826
Zurich*
1832
Durham
1832
Bern*
1834
Brussels*
1834
Kiev
1834
Athens
1837
Messina
1838
Munster*
1843
Queen’s Belfast
1850
Marseille
1854
lasi
1860
Bucharest
1864
Odessa
1865
Cluj
1872
Czernowitz
1875
Amsterdam
1877
Stockholm
1877
Manchester
1880
Birmingham
1880
Fribourg
1889
Lausanne*
1891
Wales*
1893
Constantinople
1900
Leeds*
1904
Liverpool*
1904
Sofia*
1904
Belgrade*
1905
Bristol
1909
Debrecen*
1912

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