Deng Xiaoping and the Transformation of China (178 page)

Paifang,
15
–
16
,
754n1

Pakistan,
539

Panchen Lama,
521

Pao, Y. K.,
290
,
405
,
456
,
489
,
493
,
494
,
508
–
509

Patriotism,
660
–
663
,
840n67

Patten, Chris,
509
–
510

“Pay According to the Work Performed”
(anlao fenpei)
,
212
,
213

“Peach Blossom Grove, The.”
See
Tao Yuanming

Peasants: during civil war,
34
; during Cultural Revolution,
56
–
57
; and decollectivization,
386
,
442
–
443
,
445
; during Great Leap Forward,
41
; and land reform,
15
,
37
; per capita income of,
1
,
434
,
443
,
445
,
464

Pei, I. M.,
342
,
343

Peking University,
17
,
33
,
44
,
53
,
58
,
65
,
123
,
132
,
137
,
142
,
162
,
170
,
177
,
201
,
346
,
465
–
466
,
570
,
601
–
602
,
723
,
724
,
726
,
791n33

Peng Chong,
381
; and Central Committee Small Group on Political System Reform/Political Reform Office,
573

Peng Dehuai,
59
,
234
,
237
,
241
,
253
,
739
; relationship with Deng Xiaoping,
44
; relationship with Mao Zedong,
44
,
68
,
80
,
161
,
367
–
368
,
524

Peng Zhen,
381
,
557
,
570
,
578
,
622
,
720

People's Daily (Renmin ribao)
,
93
,
135
,
141
,
152
,
159
,
162
,
165
,
168
,
179
,
188
,
192
,
199
,
206
,
212
,
235
–
236
,
254
,
258
,
259
,
261
,
264
,
315
,
364
,
439
,
470
,
563
,
564
,
602
,
605
–
606
,
607
–
608
,
616
,
617
,
647
,
655
,
656
–
657
,
668
–
669
,
680
,
721
,
725

People's Liberation Army (PLA),
50
,
59
,
100
,
350
,
517
,
544
,
669
,
680
,
681
,
734
,
737
,
741
; during attack on Vietnam,
528
–
529
,
531
–
532
,
533
; Deng's consolidation of,
97
–
103
; Political Department,
93
,
101
,
135
,
156
,
176
,
177
,
431
,
524
,
526
,
542
,
565
,
677
,
728
,
729
,
743
; Rear Services Department,
742
; during student demonstrations in 1989,
595
,
597
,
616
–
617
,
619
–
621
,
625
–
632
,
640
,
641
–
642
; vs. Vietnamese troops,
528
,
531

People's Liberation Army Newspaper (Jiefangjun bao)
,
188
,
189
,
350

People's Literature (Renmin wenxue)
,
137

People's War strategy,
543
,
544
–
545

Persian Gulf War of 1991,
551

Personal connections
(guanxi)
,
391
–
392

Petroleum production,
127
,
425
,
426
,
431
,
433
,
741
,
742

Pioneers, The (Chuangye)
,
135
–
136

Pol Pot,
281
,
283
,
286
,
527

Poland,
656
; Solidarity in,
553
,
554
–
555
,
604
,
626
; uprising of 1956,
554

Pompidou, Georges,
119

Population growth,
10

Poverty,
694
,
711
,
712
,
713
; Deng Xiaoping's attitudes regarding,
227
,
673
,
674

“Practice Is the Sole Criterion for Judging Truth” (1978),
211
–
213
,
227
–
228
,
233
,
237
–
238
,
257
,
258
,
259
,
350
,
559
,
728
,
776n71

Press, Frank,
322
–
323

Private enterprises,
467
,
469
,
475
,
600
,
815n75

Public ownership,
442
,
466
,
568
,
685

Qian Qichen,
370
,
509
,
511
,
537
,
613
,
650
,
654
,
687

Qianlong Emperor,
695

Qiao Guanhua,
83
–
84
,
85
,
154
,
267

Qiao Shi,
219
,
471
,
569
,
570
,
590
,
617
,
622
,
628
,
643
,
645
,
677
,
681
,
687

Qin Jiwei,
542

Qin Shihuang,
72

Qing dynasty,
11
,
477
,
479

Qing Ming (Annual Grave Sweeping Festival),
165
–
167

Qingdao,
477

Qinghai province,
513
,
515
–
516
,
518

Qiu Huizuo,
80

Quality Control Association,
309
,
462

Railways,
152
; Document No. 9 on,
104
–
105
,
106
–
107
,
108
,
109
,
110
,
112
,
116
; Xuzhou Railway Center,
103
–
109
,
110
,
115
,
438

Rather, Dan,
610

Reagan, Ronald,
481
–
487
,
492
,
649

Red Flag (Hongqi)
,
93
,
135
,
141
,
152
,
188
,
199
,
364
,
724

Red Guards.
See
Cultural Revolution

Red Light (Chi guang)
,
21
–
22

Reference News (Cankao xiaoxi)
,
654
,
655

Ren Rong,
516

Ren Zhongyi,
246
,
586
,
734
–
736
,
847n24
; during Cultural Revolution,
735
–
736
; in Guangdong,
407
–
408
,
414
,
415
–
417
,
418
,
734
–
735
,
736
,
800n37
,
801n46
; relationship with Deng Xiaoping,
735
; relationship with Hu Yaobang,
736

Ren Zhouxuan,
24
,
228

Renmin ribao.
See
People's Daily

Republican China,
11
–
12

Research Center for Rural Development,
745

Reston, James,
327

Revolution of 1911,
11
–
12
,
16

“River Elegy”
(Heshang)
,
466
,
599

Rockefeller, David,
456

Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo yanyi)
,
150

Romania,
189
–
190
,
219
,
654
–
655

Roy, Stapleton,
324
,
328
,
330
,
331

Ruan Ming,
559
,
560

Sanguo yanyi.
See
Romance of the Three Kingdoms

Sasaki Ryosaku,
253
,
254

Schell, Orville,
344

Scherbakov, Yuri,
536

Schlesinger, James,
346

Schwartz, Benjamin,
661

Scowcroft, Brent,
509
,
631
,
643
,
650
–
651
,
652
,
653
–
654
,
655

Second Field Army,
35
,
37
,
81
,
210
,
229
,
363
,
386
,
542
,
737

Senkaku Islands,
304

Seventh Red Army,
27
,
44
,
68

Seventy Articles on Industry (1961),
125

Shaan-Gan-Ning border region,
30
,
398
,
799

Shaanxi province,
30
–
31
,
56
,
110
,
727
,
739
.
See also
Yan'an

Shambaugh, David,
791n20

Shandong province,
17
,
33
,
105
,
110
,
687
,
735
,
736
,
737
,
743
; TVEs in,
446

Shanghai,
22
,
63
,
477
; Commercial Press in,
718
,
719
,
720
; Deng Xiaoping in,
6
,
18
,
25
–
26
,
27
–
28
,
35
–
36
,
38
,
79
,
82
,
382
,
664
,
665
–
668
,
675
,
677
–
679
,
717
,
843n44
; economic conditions in,
402
,
419
,
665
–
668
,
679
,
682
,
687
; Japanese Chamber of Commerce in,
710
; Jiang Zemin in,
578
,
617
,
622
–
624
,
624
,
644
,
666
;
Liberation Daily
,
212
,
664
,
668
,
676
; Military Control Commission in,
35
; militia in,
176
,
179
–
180
; Nanpu Bridge,
668
–
669
,
678
; Pudong,
665
,
666
–
667
,
668
,
677
–
678
,
682
; Revolutionary Committee,
220
,
738
; SEZs around,
468
; student demonstrations in,
576
,
578
,
617
,
624
; Tongji University,
577
; U.S. Chamber of Commerce in,
710
; Wang Hongwen in,
60
,
103
,
136
–
137
,
738
–
739
;
Wenhui bao
,
165
–
166
,
664