Cleopatra (47 page)
Authors: Joyce Tyldesley
Parthia
169
king of
143
Parthian campaign
Antony captures Samosata (Samsat)
160
becomes a humiliating disaster
164
‘Partners in Death, The’ drinking club
182
Pasherenptah III
11
,
30
,
44
,
141–2
Passover
77
pastoral mode
82
Paulina, Lollia
154
Pedibastet III
142
Pedius, Quintus
107
Pelusium
37
,
49
,
50
,
52
,
53
,
57
,
95
,
97
,
158
,
184
Penthesilea
208
Per-Ramesses (Tell ed Daba)
71
Pergamon
172
Persia
168
see also
Iran
Persians
Egyptian dislike of
219
Jews’ friendly attitude towards
77
invasion of Egypt (343)
143
Petersen, Wolfgang
216
Petesenufe, Scribe of the Book of Isis
139
Petesouchos
248
n
18
Petrie Museum of Egyptian Archaeology, London
68
Phamenoth
42
Pharmaces II
103
fort of Sultan Qait Bey
81
Pharsalus, Thessaly
49
Philadelphos (a goddess)
135
Philadelphos of Paphlagonia
177
kiosk of Nectanebo I
244
n
21
Philip II of Macedon
220
Philip III Arrhidaeos, King of Egypt (323–316)
220
,
221
Philip (Pompey’s freedman)
50
,
51
Philista
161
Philotera
223
Phoenecia
162
Phraates IV of Parthia
257
n
4
Pinarius, Lucius
107
Piraeus
114
Pisaurum (modern Pesaro, Umbria)
175
Plancus, L. Munatius
153
,
156
,
171–2
,
254
n
20
Pliny the Elder
88
,
91
,
152
,
153
,
154
Plutarch
28
,
32–3
,
37
,
48
,
49
,
53
,
54
,
58
,
63
,
71–2
,
96
,
125
,
145
,
146
,
147
,
149–52
,
155
,
156
,
161–2
,
165
,
175
,
177
,
178
,
179
,
183
,
186
,
187
,
188
,
192
,
194
,
209
Life of Caesar
100
Of Isis and Osiris
115–17
Polemon of Pontus
177
Pollux
248
n
18
Polybius
210
History
85
polygamy
26–7
Pompeia (Caesar’s second wife)
56
Pompey the Great (Gnaeus Pompeius)
56
,
148
,
150
,
170
,
200
,
209
accepts a golden crown from Auletes
34
‘first triumvirate’
34
Auletes stays at his villa
35
offers to support Auletes
36
loses battle at Pharsalus
49
flees to Egypt
49–50
ashes returned to his wife
51
Caesar and Pompey’s severed head
51
,
80
Pompey, Sextus
49
,
144
,
161
,
164
,
171
‘Pompey’s Pillar’, Alexandria
90
Pontus
103
prenomen
119
princesses (‘king’s daughters’)
26
Proculeius, Gaius
187
psylli
(Libyan snake-charmers)
191
Ptah (creator god)
11
,
30
,
43
,
70
,
89
,
129
,
130
Ptolemaia (four-yearly Dionysiac festival)
86–7
Ptolemais (daughter of Ptolemy I)
222
Ptolemais Hormou (el-Mansha, near Sohag)
18–19
,
134
,
222
,
242
n
Ptolemy I Soter I (Saviour), King of Egypt (304–284)
10
,
12
,
81
Cleopatra as a direct descendant
29
Macedonian general
221
captures Bessus
221
campaigns in India
221
imaginative economist and competent scholar
222
establishes Alexandria Museion and its library
222
family life
222–3
development of Alexandria
77
,
90
develops link between royal family and gods
133
temple building and restoration
133
deified
133
Mendes Stela
135
Ptolemy II Philadelphos (Brother-Loving), King of Egypt (285–246)
10
,
25
,
32
,
67
,
163
co-regent alongside Ptolemy I
223
sporadic foreign campaigns
223
refines taxation structure
223
marriage to Arsinoë II
46
,
133
,
224
,
225
commissions a history of Egypt
224
an inveterate womaniser
84–5
dynastic obelisk
91
designated a living god
134
plays a joke on Sosibios
156–7
Cleopatra regains his lost eastern empire
162
Ptolemy III Euergetes (Benefactor), King of Egypt (246–221)
10
,
25
,
161
,
224
,
226
building achievements
90
,
126
,
225
series of native uprisings at end of his reign
14
,
225
Ptolemy IV Philopator (Father-Loving), King of Egypt (221–205)
77
,
78
married to his younger sister, Arsinoë III
226
his mistress Agathoclea
226
defends Egypt against Antiochos III
226
improves and extends temples
226
an enthusiastic scholar
226
deeply unpopular
226–7
native revolts during his reign
14
,
227
his magnificent barge
99–100
Adonis
226
Ptolemy V Epiphanes (Manifest God), King of Egypt (205–180)
guardians of
227
rebellion in the Delta
227
agreement with the Egyptian priesthood
227–8
southern uprisings
14
loss of many foreign territories
228
Ptolemy VI Philometor (Mother-Loving), King of Egypt (180–164, 163–145)
137
triumvirate of Ptolemies VI and VIII with Cleopatra II
229
captured by Antiochos IV
229
rival courts
229
distracted by civil unrest
229
flees to Rome, then Cyprus
229
returns to rule with Cleopatra II
230
temple restorations
230
regains many of Egypt’s lost territories
230
dies in battle in Syria
230
,
231
Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator (New Father-Loving), King of Egypt (145)
230
,
232
Ptolemy VIII Euergetes II (Benefactor): ‘Physcon’ (Pot-Belly) or ‘Kakergetes’ (Malefactor), King of Egypt (170–163,
145–116
)
11
,
38
,
62
,
126
rules Egypt with Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II
137
,
229
,
230
seizes the throne and rules with Cleopatra II
229
,
230
Alexandrian mob turns against him
229–30
highly unpopular king of Cyrenaica
230
friendship with Rome
230–31
attempted assassination
231
purges the Museion and Library of Alexandria
83
,
231
marries his widowed sister and murders her son
230
,
231–2
ménage à trois with Cleopatras II and III
137–8
,
231
,
232
story of murderous elephants
77
appearance
83
donations to traditional gods
127
death and inheritance
231
Ptolemy IX Soter II (Saviour): ‘Latyros’ (Chickpea), King of Egypt (116–107, 88–81)
11
,
31
,
231
marries Cleopatra IV, then Cleopatra Selene
233
driven out by Alexandrians
78
rules Cyprus
233
returns to rule Egypt
233
Ptolemy X Alexander I, King of Egypt (107–88)
24
murders his mother and marries his niece
233
favourable treatment of the Jews
233
seizes Alexander’s gold coffin
74
