Cleopatra (44 page)

attractiveness to Caesar
63–4

in the Alexandrian Wars
96
,
101

co-regency with brother Ptolemy
XIV
5
,
97–8
,
101

her barge
99
,
100

strengthens her hold on the throne
103

in Rome
104
,
105–6

returns to Alexandria (44)
108

possible murder of her brother
4
,
110

co-regency with son Caesarion (Ptolemy XV)
5
,
102
,
142–3
,
168–9

new identity of semi-divine mother
110
,
118

and cult of Isis
103
,
110
,
139
,
149
,
174
,
198
,
205

the Dendera Cleopatra
121
,
122

develops her own powerful divinity
139

Cassius appeals to her for aid
143

summoned to Tarsus by Antony
149

feasts with Antony in Tarsus
149–54

pearl-drinking stories
152–4

poisoned flowers story
154

bargains with Antony
154–5

twins by Antony
157–8
,
162

day-to-day work
160–61

negotiations with Antony (37/6)
162

the wealthiest monarch in the world
162

meets Antony at Leuce Come, then retires to Alexandria
164

and Herod
166–7

Octavian declares war on her
175

battle of Actium
176–80

killing spree in Alexandria
181

amasses a huge war chest
181

experiments with poisons
183

negotations with Octavian
183–4

barricades herself in her mausoleum with her treasure
186

Antony dies in her arms
186–7

stabs herself when captured
187–8

meeting with Octavian
188–9

visits Antony’s tomb
190
,
195

requests to be buried beside Antony
191

suicide
190–93
,
197–8
,
213

historical significance of her death
202

interpretations of her since her death
205–17

death iii,
28
,
30
,
74
,
122
,
237
,
256
n
16

Cleopatra Berenice III Thea Philopator (Father-Loving Goddess), Queen of Egypt (81–80)
32
,
44

married to Ptolemy X
24
,
234

inherits her father’s throne
10
,
234

married to Ptolemy XI
10

popularity
234

murdered by Ptolemy XI
11
,
234

her reign is effectively erased from the record
12

Cleopatra Selene (Cleopatra VII’s twin daughter)
11
,
33
,
157
,
159
,
162–3
,
168
,
169
,
199–202
,
238

Cleopatra Thea, Queen of Syria
62
,
139
,
164
,
232

Cleopatra’s Needles (London and New York)
91–2

Clino (Ptolemy II’s mistress)
85

Clodius, Publius
148

Coele-Syria (‘Hollow Syria’)
162
,
168
,
222

Colbert, Claudette
216
,
258
n
15

Coogan, J.
205
,
257
n
1

Corfu (Corecyna)
161
,
176

Cornelia (Caesar’s first wife)
49
,
50
,
51
,
56
,
103

cornucopia
66–7
,
136

cow horns
68
,
111
,
122
,
124
,
134

Crassus (Candidus), Publius
160
,
177
,
180

Crassus, Marcus Licinius
34
,
47
,
49
,
56
,
145

creation myth
67

Crete
169

Creticus, Antonius
145

Crinagoras
201–2

Ctesibius
83

Ctesicles
22–3
,
161

cult temples
126–7
,
131
,
252
n
14

Curtius, Ludwig
60

Cydnus River
149

Cynthia (Propertius’s mistress)
208

Cyprus
222
,
233
,
234

and contraction of the Egyptian empire
228

Ptolemy VI flees to
229

Ptolemy VIII and
230
,
232

Ptolemies IX and X
233
,
234

annexed by Romans
35
,
235

Pompey in
49

Arsinoë IV and Ptolemy XIV rule
58

Cleopatra VII rules
162
,
168
,
250
n
21

Cyrenaica
168
,
169
,
225
,
228
,
230
,
231

Cytheris, Volumnia
148

D

Damascus
73
,
166

Dante Alighieri:
Inferno
51

Darius III

defeated at Issus (333)
221

Alexander marches to confront him (331)
219

assassination of
221

Dead Sea
162

Deianeira
12

Deinocrates of Rhodes
73

Deir el-Bahri mortuary temple of Hatshepsut
92

Deir el-Medina
86

Hathor temple
244
n
21

Dellius, Quintus
149

Delos island
114

Delphi
115

Demeter (Greek earth goddess)
85
,
114

Demetrios I Poliorcetes, King of Macedon
209

Demetrios the Fair
226

Demetrios (philosopher)
13

demotic script
14
,
20

Den, King
65

Dendera (Tentyra) temple of Hathor
6
,
33
,
39
,
65
,
121–4
,
126
,
127
,
224
,
244
n
21

Dido, Queen of Carthage
207

Didyma (Ptolemy II’s mistress)
84

Dio Cocceianus, Cassius
49
,
63–4
,
74–5
,
97–8
,
101
,
105
,
150
,
165
,
168
,
172
,
174
,
177
,
178
,
179
,
181
,
182
,
184
,
186
,
187–8
,
191–2
,
199
,
204
,
209
,
210–11

Roman History
7
,
210

Diomedes (Cleopatra’s secretary)
186

Dion of Alexandria
37

Dionochares
88

Dionysos (comic actor)
22
,
23

Dionysos (Greek deity)
5
,
12
,
13
,
84
,
85
,
87
,
89
,
133
,
145
,
167
,
172
,
173
,
194
,
251
n
6

cult of
131
,
146

Dionysos Omestes 1273

Dionysos-Osiris
149
,
163
,
170
,
186

Diophanes
161

Djoser, King
102
,
130

Dolabella, Publius Cornelius
143
,
148

Domitian
185

Donations of Alexandria
168

double uraeus
68
,
111
,
134

dowager queens (‘king’s mothers’)
26

Drusilla (daughter of Ptolemy of Mauretania)
202

Durrell, Lawrence
6

dynastic Egypt: defined
xiv

E

Edfu (Apollinopolis Magna)
126
,
127

temple of Horus
65
,
122
,
225
,
226
,
244
n
21
,
246
n
18

Edwards, Amelia B.
122–4

Egypt

Persian invasion (343)
132

Alexander the Great takes
2
,
71
,
219
,
221

Lagid (Ptolemaic) empire
222

Ptolemy I takes control of
221

expansion of territories
223

contraction during Ptolemy V’s reign
228

immigration
18–21
,
77
,
228

Ptolemy VI regains many lost territories
230

decaying power of
2

population
13–14

Upper/Lower Egypt
14

wealth
15
,
143
,
149

fertile and ill-defended
33

willed by Ptolemy X to Rome
11
,
33
,
233–4

Ptolemy XII buys a few years independence
34

grain crisis
46–7

Pompey flees to
49–50

Pompey is assassinated
51
,
237

becomes a Roman protectorate in all but name
98

Octavian annexes (30)
2
,
198
,
237

falls to Islamic forces (AD 640)
211

becomes isolated from the Christian world
211–12

Egyptian army

Greek mercenaries in
18

surrenders to Caesar (47)
97

Antony’s cavalry deserts (30)
186

infantry heavily defeated by Octavian
186

Egyptian art
64–7
,
111

Egyptian fleet

Greek mercenaries in
18

Caesar torches the fleet in Alexandria’s harbour
95

seriously damaged en route to Greece (42)
144

surrenders to Octavian
186

Egyptology
2
,
101

Eiras (Cleopatra’s hairdresser)
186
,
191

Eirene (Ptolemy VIII’s mistress)
231

Elephantine island
76

Elizabeth I, Queen
214

Emesa
166

Empereur, Jean-Yves
91

Epaphroditus
187
,
191

Ephesus

temple of Artemis
37
,
104
,
144
,
145

Arsinoë IV buried at
155

Cleopatra and Antony assemble a fleet (33/2)
173

epic, the
82

Erasistratus
82

Eratosthenes
82

Eros
118
,
242
n
4

Eros (Antony’s slave)
186

eternal life
31

Etruria
175

Euclid:
Elements
82

Eulaeus
229