When Everything Changed (67 page)

290
    they created such a stir: Richard Fly, “How ‘Rights’ Letter Came to Houston,”
Houston Chronicle,
November 9, 1975.

12. THE 1980s—HAVING IT ALL

Interviews: Sylvia Acevedo, Lynnette Arthur, Sherri Finkbine Chessen, April Chisholm, Suzan Johnson Cook, Jean Enersen, Yana Shani Fleming, Alison Foster, Lillian Garland, Tawana Hinton, Tiffany Hinton, Camara Dia Holloway, June LaValleur, Jo Meyer Maasberg, Wilma Mankiller, Linda Mason, Annie Miller, Ellen Miller, Elizabeth Patterson, Jennifer Maasberg Smith, Laura Sessions Stepp, Randi Weingarten.

293
   
Mademoiselle,
which had: Annie Gottlieb, “Do Men Love Women Who Love Work?”
Mademoiselle,
February 1981.

293
    A study prepared for: “Poll Finds New View of Women,”
Washington Star,
January 6, 1981.

293
    A third of the law students: “Law Colleges Add Women as Students,”
New York Times,
January 6, 1981.

293
    The stubborn gap: Blau, “Trends in the Well-Being of American Women,” 129.

293
   
Cosmopolitan,
in a welcome: Ruth Franklin, “The ’80s Woman—Her Man, Her Job, Her Life,”
Cosmopolitan,
November 1980.

293
    Ellen Baer, an associate: Ellen Baer, “The Feminist Disdain for Nursing,”
New York Times,
February 23, 1991.

294
    A Gallup poll showed 88: “In a Poll, Many Women Say Life Is Good,”
New York Times,
August 25, 1988.

294
    “It really blew”: Whittier,
Feminist Generations,
144.

294
    John Molloy, a “wardrobe”: Susan Faludi tells the suit story in
Backlash.

295
    A report on the 1985: Jane Mingay, “The High-Style Shoulder,”
Maclean’s,
May 6, 1985.

295
    “We’re trying to be”: Jennet Conant, “Hold On to Those Hems,”
Newsweek,
April 27, 1987.

295
    “Shoes have become”: Angela Taylor, “Far from the Classic Pump,”
New York Times,
August 30, 1983.

296
    “When blue jeans”: Brownmiller,
Femininity,
80.

296
    Fonda had taken: Kagan and Morse, “The Body Electronic,” 164–80.

297
    “If you want to trace”: Jane Leavy, “Jane Fonda, Good as Old,”
Washington Post,
January 26, 1985.

297
    The American Society of Plastic: Faludi,
Backlash,
217.

297
    In 1982 the country heard about: “Four Pounds Imperiling Job of a Drum Major,” Associated Press, September 26, 1982; “Twirler Fails by 1½ Pounds,” Associated Press, September 30, 1982.

298
    The average American woman: Faludi,
Backlash,
171.

298
    By the late ’80s, there were estimates: Brumberg,
Fasting Girls,
12.

301
    In 1943 the sociologist: Komarovsky,
Women in College,
91.

301
    Striving for “it all”: Joe Hagan, “They Fired the Most Powerful Woman on Wall Street,”
New York Magazine,
May 5, 2008, 36.

302
    While pay for women: Blau, “Trends in the Well-Being of American Women,” 130.

302
    For the first time, more than half: “Mothers with Babies—And Jobs,”
New York Times,
June 19, 1988.

302
    But that extra effort: Blau, “Trends in the Well-Being of American Women,” 152.

302
    In her book
The Second Shift:
Hochschild,
The Second Shift,
4.

302
    In one of the most: Claudia Wallis, “Onward, Women!”
Time,
December 4, 1989.

303
    In 1983 the
New York Times:
Georgia Dullea, “When Parents Work on Different Shifts,”
New York Times,
October 31, 1983.

303
    Harriet Presser, a professor: “Child Care Hassles Cause Birth Decline,”
Los Angeles Times,
August 5, 1987.

304
    But by 1987 the Bureau: Pamela Mendels, “The Stigma Facing Mommies,”
Newsday,
March 27, 1989.

305
    The columnist Ellen: Rosen,
The World Split Open,
327.

305
    When she won: Kunin,
Living a Political Life,
244.

305
    Kunin’s husband, a doctor: Ibid., 199.

306
    Perri Klass, who’d had: Klass,
A Not Entirely Benign Procedure,
132–33.

308
    In 1980 half of American: Komarovsky,
Women in College,
4.

308
    the place where, the
New York Times:
Chafe,
The American Woman,
243.

308
    The number of people: Coontz,
Marriage,
258.

308
    In 1981, in
The Second:
Friedan,
The Second Stage,
quoted in Faludi,
Backlash,
324.

308
    A headline for
New York Magazine:
Patricia Morrisroe, “Born Too Late? Expect Too Much? Then You May Be… FOREVER SINGLE,”
New York Magazine,
August 20, 1984.

308
    In 1986 a Yale: Faludi,
Backlash,
9–14.

309
   
Newsweek
’s cover showed: Eloise Salholz, “The Marriage Crunch,”
Newsweek,
June 2, 1986.

309
    As time went on: Felicity Barringer, “Marriage Study That Caused Furor Is Revised,”
New York Times,
November 11, 1989.

309
    In fact, the career-driven: Faludi,
Backlash,
15.

309
    It was as if the world: Ibid.

310
    At one point, Johnson: Cook,
A New Dating Attitude,
22–23.

310
    The national fertility rate: Faludi,
Backlash,
34.

311
    The fertility rate for: Robert Pear, “Sharp Rise in Childbearing Found Among U.S. Women in Early Thirties,”
New York Times,
June 10, 1983.

311
    Among women who graduated: Goldin and Katz, “Transitions.”

311
    When Perri Klass got pregnant: Klass,
A Not Entirely Benign Procedure,
44.

312
    In 1982
Time:
J. D. Reed, “The New Baby Bloom,”
Time,
February 22, 1982.

312
    Georgia Dullea of the
New York Times:
Georgia Dullea, “Women Reconsider Childbearing over 30,”
New York Times,
February 25, 1982.

312
    A government study reported: “Infertility Increases in Young Women,” United Press International in the
New York Times,
February 10, 1983.

312
    There were 2: Kathleen Doheny, “A Boom for In Vitro Fertilization,”
Los Angeles Times,
August 7, 1990.

312
    When word came that Whitehead: Barbara Kantrowitz, “Who Keeps Baby M?”
Newsweek,
January 19, 1987.

313
    Whitehead’s lawyer said the baby: Richard Lacayo, “Is the Womb a Rentable Space?”
Time,
September 22, 1986.

313
    The Sterns’ lawyer played: Mary Shaughnessy, “All for Love of a Baby,”
People,
March 23, 1987.

313
    “I will never feel”: Katha Pollitt, “Contracts and Apple Pie,”
The Nation,
May 23, 1987.

313
    “Bill and I”: “The Life and Custody of Baby M,”
Maclean’s,
April 13, 1987.

313
    who legally adopted: “Now It’s Melissa’s Time,”
New Jersey Monthly,
March 2007.

315
    “It was only later”: Tamar Lewin, “Partnership in Firm Awarded to Victim of Sex Bias,”
New York Times,
May 16, 1990.

316
    In 1982 Christine: Unless otherwise noted, this section is based on information in
An Anchorwoman’s Story
by Christine Craft.

316
    The station claimed the focus group: “Is She a Mutt?”
New York Times,
August 11, 1983.

316
    “I have the strong”: “New Face of TV News First Seen in the ’70s,”
Washington Post,
July 23, 2006.

316
    “Harry Reasoner didn’t want”: Virginia Heffernan, “Barbara Walters: The Exit Interview,”
New York Times,
September 5, 2004.

317
    By the early 1980s: “Television: Keep Young and Beautiful,”
The Economist,
August 13, 1983.

319
    “The Revolution Is Over”: John Leo, “The Revolution Is Over,”
Time,
April 19, 1984, 74–78.

319
    By the mid-1980s: Faludi,
Backlash,
30–31.

319
    It was,
Time
said: Claudia Wallis, “The New Scarlet Letter,”
Time,
August 2, 1982.

320
    Near panic ensued: Susan Duerksen, “Millions Must Revise Sex Habits,”
San Diego Union-Tribune,
November 7, 1986.

320
    In 1981
Newsweek
announced: Harry Waters, “Television’s Hottest Show,”
Newsweek,
September 28, 1981.

321
    Laura (played by): Readers who want to experience this particular moment of TV history can find it on YouTube.

321
    “Rape me”: Eric Gelman, “A Perfect Couple,”
Newsweek,
September 28, 1981.

321
    There had been a great: Brownmiller,
Against Our Will,
15.

322
    Susan Estrich, a Harvard: Estrich,
Real Rape.

322
    On the other side: Katie Roiphe, “Date Rape’s Other Victim,”
New York Times,
June 24, 1993.

324
    In that poll for: “Poll Finds New View of Women,”
Washington Star,
January 6, 1981.

324
    Ferraro, who was: William Safire, “On Language: Good-bye Sex, Hello Gender,”
New York Times Magazine,
August 5, 1984.

324
    “Fathers brought their”: Kunin,
Living a Political Life,
306.

325
    “Because our tribe”: Mankiller,
Mankiller,
240.

326
    “It must be a secretarial”: Unless otherwise noted, this section is based on information from
Sandra Day O’Connor
by Joan Biskupic.

328
    She took exercise classes: Toobin,
The Nine,
39.

329
    made Sandra Day O’Connor into a jurist: Ibid., 87.

13. THE 1990s—SETTLING FOR LESS?

Interviews: Sylvia Acevedo, Lynnette Arthur, Dana Arthur-Monteleone, Alison Foster, Kathy Hinderhofer, Camara Dia Holloway, Dena Ivey, June LaValleur, Jo Meyer Maasberg, Linda Mason, Jennifer Maasberg Smith, Alex Dery Snider, Laura Sessions Stepp.

330
    “I must have been”: AnnJanette Rosga, “Notes from the Aftermath,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
472–73.

331
    “The things I fought”: Claudia Wallis, “Onward Women!”
Time,
December 4, 1989.

331
    “We don’t feel”: Farrell,
Yours in Sisterhood,
105.

332
    The cost of college: Coontz,
The Way We Really Are,
57.

332
    Married women who worked: Ibid., 57.

332
    In 1989 Felice Schwartz: Felice Schwartz, “Management Women and the New Facts of Life,”
Harvard Business Review,
January 1, 1989.

333
    “My points touched”: Mary Sit, “Derailed by ‘Mommy Track,’ ”
Boston Globe,
October 25, 1989.

333
    By 1990, 60 percent: Cotter, “Moms and Jobs.”

333
   
New York Times
had not dubbed: Tamar Lewin, “ ‘Mommy Career Track’ Sets Off a Furor,”
New York Times,
March 8, 1989.

333
    A coalition of forty-four: Brian Couturier, “Coalition Warns Against Supporting Idea with Legislation,”
Los Angeles Times,
March 23, 1989.