When Everything Changed (65 page)

181
    “This is not a bedroom”: Carroll,
It Seemed Like Nothing Happened,
34.

183
    “By today’s standards”: Jo Freeman, “On the Origins of the Women’s Liberation Movement,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
179–80.

183
    After that meeting: Brownmiller,
In Our Time,
18.

184
    In a famous remark: Evans,
Personal Politics,
160.

184
    Seattle women were: Barbara Winslow, “Primary and Secondary Contradictions in Seattle,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
244.

184
    “What I have seen”: Vivian Estellachild, “Hippie Communes,” in
Dear Sisters,
225.

185
    A few reached out: Brownmiller,
In Our Time,
18.

185
    At the Washington rally: Echols,
Daring to Be Bad,
114–20.

185
    “Was it my brother”: Robin Morgan, “Goodbye to All That,” in
Dear Sisters,
53–55.

187
    At least one in: Rosalyn Baxandall, “Catching the Fire,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
214.

188
    the writer Jane: O’Reilly,
The Girl I Left Behind,
23.

188
    Catherine Roraback was 49: Roraback, “Women and the Connecticut Bar.”

189
    “The history we learned”: Morgan,
Sisterhood Is Powerful,
xv.

189
    “Women are an oppressed”: Baxandall and Gordon,
Dear Sisters,
90–91.

190
    “We take the woman’s”: Ibid., 34.

190
    “No one article”: Morgan,
Sisterhood Is Powerful,
xviii.

191
    In March 1968: Martha Weinman Lear, “The Second Feminist Wave,”
New York Times Magazine,
March 10, 1968.

191
   
Washington Post
put its membership: Elizabeth Shelton, “Women’s Group Split Over Meaning of Feminism,”
Washington Post,
October 24, 1968.

191
    When Solanas was arraigned: Marylin Bender, “Valeria Solanas a Heroine to Feminists,”
New York Times,
June 14, 1968.

191
    Jacqui Ceballos, another NOW: Jacqui Ceballos, president of the Veteran Feminists of America, e-mail, April 6, 2008.

192
    The whole episode: Paterson,
Be Somebody,
183, 190.

193
    “We protest,” read: “No More Miss America,” in
Dear Sisters,
184.

193
    Female passersby, Morgan: Morgan,
Saturday’s Child,
261.

193
    A few demonstrators: Brownmiller,
In Our Time,
40.

193
    However, a sympathetic: Ibid., 37.

194
    Morgan herself called: Morgan,
Saturday’s Child,
259.

194
    “Heartfelt and handwritten”: Brownmiller,
In Our Time,
137.

195
    Rosalyn Baxandall, looking: Baxandall, “Catching the Fire,” 212.

195
    Barbara Epstein, a graduate: Barbara Epstein, “Ambivalence About Feminism,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
125.

195
    By the end of 1969: Cohen,
The Sisterhood,
168.

195
    “We were considered”: Noun,
More Strong-Minded Women,
88.

195
    In a more fanciful: Ibid., 22.

195
    “Any time a group”: Thom,
Inside
Ms., 4.

196
    its first issue sold: Ibid., 24.

196
    Madeleine Kunin, the would-be: Kunin,
Living a Political Life,
92–93.

197
    who demanded to know: Cohen,
The Sisterhood,
191.

197
    The protesters unveiled: Brownmiller,
In Our Time,
89–91.

197
    Susan Brownmiller reported: Ibid.

197
    the magazine said 34 percent: Rosen,
The World Split Open,
301.

198
    When field officers: Heilbrun,
The Education of a Woman,
281.

198
    One FBI report: Levine and Lyons,
The Decade of Women,
29.

199
    Betty Friedan once claimed: Friedan,
Life So Far,
224.

199
    She was quoted: Paul Wilkes, “Mother Superior to Women’s Lib,”
New York Times,
November 29, 1970.

200
    “New York’s Newest”: Heilbrun,
The Education of a Woman,
121.

200
    “The miniskirted pinup girl”: Ibid., 144.

201
    childbearing, which Ti-Grace Atkinson called: Atkinson,
Amazon Odyssey,
5.

201
    Steinem would say: Cohen,
The Sisterhood,
322.

201
    “I knew that if”: Evans,
Personal Politics,
227–28.

201
    She spent an eighth-grade: Steinem,
Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions,
149.

201
    “What Gloria needs”: Heilbrun,
The Education of a Woman,
193.

202
    In 1927 a
Harper’s
essay: Dorothy Dunbar Bromley, “Feminist—New Style,”
Harper’s,
October 1927.

202
    “I did not agree with the message”: Friedan,
Life So Far,
190.

202
    She urged her followers: Carroll,
It Seemed Like Nothing Happened,
36.

202
    Roxanne Dunbar, a radical: Roxanne Dunbar, “Outlaw Woman,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
105.

203
    Trapped in an interview: Heilbrun,
The Education of a Woman,
213.

203
    “Every so often, someone”: Ephron,
Crazy Salad,
45.

203
    Ti-Grace Atkinson’s breakaway: Elizabeth Shelton, “Women’s Group Split Over Meaning of Feminism,”
Washington Post,
October 24, 1968.

204
    “I’m not hung up on”: Bernice Johnson Reagon, “Women as Culture Carriers in the Civil Rights Movement: Fannie Lou Hamer,” in
Women in the Civil Rights Movement,
213.

204
    “Blacks are oppressed”: Giddings,
When and Where I Enter,
308.

204
   
Essence
magazine in 1970: Olson,
Freedom’s Daughters,
377.

205
    “As a black person”: Hicks,
The Honorable Shirley Chisholm,
84.

205
    Chisholm, who became: Freeman,
Women,
352.

206
    On Strike Day itself: Friedan,
Life So Far,
238–39.

206
    Later, at the postmarch: Friedan, It Changed My Life, 195.

206
    A West Virginia senator: Douglas,
Where the Girls Are,
163.

207
    “It’s the funniest thing”: Paterson,
Be Somebody,
198.

207
    “We put sex discrimination”: Evans,
Tidal Wave,
67.

208
    Roxanne Conlin, who was assistant: Noun,
More Strong-Minded Women,
125–26.

208
    Amelia Fry, a historian: Fry, “Conversations with Alice Paul,” xvi–xvii.

209
    “Keep the law”: Hole and Levine,
Rebirth of Feminism,
69.

209
    At the same time: Paterson,
Be Somebody,
210.

9. BACKLASH

Interviews: Sherri Finkbine Chessen, Jo Freeman, Kathy Hinderhofer, Pat Lorance, Robin Morgan, Gloria Steinem, Janet Tegley, Anne Tolstoi Wallach, Louise Meyer Warpness.

213
    “She’s 92”: Dee Wedemeyer, “A Salute to Originator of ERA in 1923,”
New York Times,
January 10, 1977.

213
    But when a delegation: Janet Tegley, unpublished data.

213
    In a birthday interview: Wedemeyer, “A Salute to Originator of ERA in 1923.”

215
    Married women with a college: Coontz,
Marriage,
253.

216
    “Mothers are the immediate”: Dworkin,
Right-Wing Women,
15.

216
    ERA opponents reprinted: Critchlow,
Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism,
229.

216
    By 1974 a consumer’s: Carroll,
It Seemed Like Nothing Happened,
132.

217
    Anselma Dell’Olio, who spent: Anselma Dell’Olio, “Home Before Sundown,” in
The Feminist Memoir Project,
166.

217
    By the end of the decade: “Changes in Men’s and Women’s Labor Force Participation,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, January 10, 2007.

217
    The median income: Coontz,
Marriage,
258.

217
    Patricia Lorance worked at a plant: Pat Lorance’s story is based on material in Susan Faludi’s
Backlash,
393–99, and an interview with Lorance.

219
    Men told surveyors: Mansbridge,
Why We Lost the ERA,
23.

219
    A National Opinion Research Center: Ibid., 21.

221
    A tireless speaker: Critchlow,
Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism,
141.

221
    “I’d drive out”: Ginia Bellafante, “At Home with—Phyllis Schlafly; A Feminine Mystique All Her Own,”
New York Times,
March 30, 2006.

221
    “I think what Phyllis”: Elizabeth Kolbert, “Firebrand,”
The New Yorker,
November 7, 2005.

222
    Many years later, Schlafly: Bellafante, “At Home with—Phyllis Schlafly.”

222
    “The conservative movement”: Michael Murphy, “Conservative Pioneer Became an Outcast,”
Arizona Republic,
May 31, 1998.

223
    through the “Christian tradition of chivalry,” Critchlow,
Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism,
218.

224
    Dr. Benjamin Spock eliminated: Schlafly,
The Power of the Positive Woman,
27.

224
    “I was invited”: Felsenthal,
Phyllis Schlafly,
56.

226
    “Household duties”: Schlafly,
The Power of the Positive Woman,
31.

226
    “I’d like to burn”: Kolbert, “Firebrand.”

226
    “These people pull at you”: Mansbridge,
Why We Lost the ERA,
146.

230
    Some polls showed: Gorney,
Articles of Faith,
51.

230
    “For my first abortion”: Brownmiller,
In Our Time,
104.

230
    “I had had an abortion”: Steinem,
Outrageous Acts and Everyday Rebellions,
20.

231
    New York, however, was: This section is based on three articles by Bill Kovach in the
New York Times:
“Abortion Reform Approved, 31–26, by State Senate,” March 19, 1970; “Abortion Reform Is Voted By the Assembly, 76–73,” April 10, 1970; and “Two Key Backers of Abortion Reform in the Legislature Are Defeated Upstate,” June 24, 1970.

232
    In the first year: Gorney,
Articles of Faith,
97.

233
    “a pregnant street person”: McCorvey,
I Am Roe,
117.

233
    “I discovered that if”: Ibid., 126.

234
    Their combined ages: Gorney,
Articles of Faith,
154.

234
    By the end of the 1970s: “The Fanatical Abortion Fight,”
Time,
July 9, 1979.

234
    Mary Crisp, the cochair: Douglas Martin, “Mary D. Crisp, 83, Feminist GOP Leader, Dies,”
New York Times,
April 17, 2007.

235
    Betty Boyer of Ohio: Paterson,
Be Somebody,
186.

235
    “Abortion was about”: Noun,
More Strong-Minded Women,
83.