Trials of Passion (60 page)

non-payment of defence fees, 303, 347, 363

press reporting of, 262, 300, 301-2, 304, 307, 324, 327, 334, 335, 339-43

pre-trial Grand Jury hearing, 300

prosecution case, 304-5, 325-31, 332-3, 336-7

rational ability to distinguish between right and wrong, 315, 319-20, 329-30, 332, 333, 334, 337-8

‘temporary insanity' plea, 305-6, 307, 310, 313, 323, 324, 325, 328, 332-3, 334-5, 344

Thaw briefs the press during, 327, 334, 335

Thaw denies insanity, 303, 327

Thaw legal team, 302-4, 305

Thaw's demeanour and appearance during, 304, 305, 317, 341, 342

as ‘the Trial of the Century', 300, 301

use of Thaw money to influence, 304, 310, 340, 344, 364

verdicts open to jury, 336-7

First World War, 236, 244, 246, 312

Fish family in New York, 286

Fisher, John C., 274

Fishkill, New York State, 358, 360

Fitzgerald, Justice James, 301, 337-8

Flint, Austin, 312, 329, 330, 366, 367-8, 370-1

Follett, Sir William Webb, 97

food poisoning, 14, 15

Fordham University, New York, 311

forensic science, 217, 220

Forgerol, Hippolyte, 186

Foster, Jodie, 388-9, 391

France

belle époque
, 133-4, 137-9, 167-8, 188, 193-4, 198, 235-6, 240-1

Catholic Church in, 134, 167, 171, 194, 203, 238, 240-1

courtly code of the
homme galant,
143-4, 151-2, 155, 168, 180, 190, 191, 193, 387

crimepassionnel
in, 36, 111, 134, 186-8, 193-4, 198, 199, 200, 201-5, 218, 235-6, 242, 245-6

growth of medico-legal specialization in Third Republic, 170-1, 251

honour in pre-WW 1 period, 242, 243-4, 397

Revolution (1789), 168, 170

separation of Church and state (1905), 194

women's rights campaigns, 200-1

see also
judicial and legal system, French; Paris

France, Anatole, 215, 216

Franco-Prussian War (1870), 169, 236

Freud, Anna, 382

Freud, Sigmund, 6, 46, 53, 59, 130, 188, 250, 309, 355, 388

Anna O (Bertha Pappenheim) and, 201

on criminality, 396-7

lectures at Clark University (1909), 308

Nancy school and, 225-6

on paranoia, 287-8

Friend, Adelaide Ann, 31

Friends' Asylum in Frankford, Pennsylvania, 349

Gall, Franz-Joseph, 71

Galvanism, 56

Garanger, Monsieur, 221, 223

Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 17

Garland, James, 275, 277

Garrett, Isaac, 15, 26-7, 29-30, 31, 32, 79

Garvey, District Attorney, 304-5

gender

anxieties about, 5, 9, 71-2, 110-11, 130, 236

British criminal justice system and, 3, 4-5, 9, 40, 112, 113, 114-15

crime passionnel
in France and, 187-8, 193-5, 198, 199, 200, 201-5, 235-6, 242, 245-6

in flagrante delicto mitigation and, 187

honour in pre-WW 1 France, 242, 243-4, 397

honour in pre-WWl USA, 267-8, 292, 336, 339

‘honour killings', 384-5

mind-doctors' diagnoses and, 1, 6, 49-51, 61, 63-4, 81-2, 83-4, 119, 172, 183, 250-1

poisoning as feminine crime, 25, 69, 114, 199

stalking and, 387-93

Victorian notions of masculinity, 114, 115, 339

see also women

Gentien, Robert

abortion issue and, 146, 147, 148, 164, 165, 166, 176, 177-8, 180

absences from Paris, 144-5, 148-9

‘ceremonial visits' to Marie, 152-3

courtly code of the
homme galant,
143-4, 151-2, 155, 180, 190, 191, 193, 387

courtship of Marie, 141-3, 175-6, 191

daughter's wet-nurse and, 150, 151, 153, 178, 179

house in Rue Auber, 137, 158

letters to Marie, 141, 142, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 155

Marie's pregnancy and, 146, 147, 148, 164-5

Marie's threatened suicide scene, 154-5, 177

new mistress of, 137, 15A-7, 158

pays Marie a monthly sum, 155-6, 157, 158, 190

pre-trial inquiry (
instruction
) and, 164-6, 190

reaction to death of daughter, 153

refusal to acknowledge daughter, 150-2, 176-7, 178-9, 189

rooms in the Rue de Hanovre, 143

sends money to Marie, 145, 179-80

shooting of, 137-8, 139, 158-9, 175, 189-90

as trial witness, 177-8

tryst with Marie (16 October 1877), 142, 143, 164, 176

wounds, 164

George III, King, 91-2

George Washington University, 311

Georget, Étienne-Jean, 168-9

Georgetown University, 311

germ theory of disease, 185, 207, 308

Germany, 10, 171, 207, 236, 238, 347, 381

Gibbs, Inspector, 15, 16-17, 22-3, 27, 31, 34, 74, 80

Gibson, Charles Dana, 259

Gibson, Mr (surgeon to Newgate Prison), 84

Glaisyer and Kemp (Brighton chemists), 26-7, 29, 32

Glasgow Mechanics' Institute, 95 Gleason, John B., 305, 314-15, 316

Glueck, Bernard, 375-6

Goldman, Emma, 300, 312

Goldstein, Joseph, 382

Goodrich, Edna, 275, 276

Goron, Marie-Franjois, 220

Gosette, Amy, 349

Gouffe, Toussaint-Augustin, 219-21, 223, 233

governesses, 70

Government Hospital for the Insane in Washington, 311

GPS tracking systems, 392

Grabbam, George W., 81

graphology, 156

Gras, Eugénie, 140

Gray, Effie, 72

Greeley-Smith, Nixola, 325, 341-2, 343

Grille, Magdeleine, 212-16, 217, 218

Gueydan, Berthe, 237-8, 239-40

Guillot, Adolphe, 159, 163, 166, 189, 190

Marie Bière and, 163-4

Gull, Sir William, 117-19, 126, 127, 128, 133

Gully, Dr James Manby, 61-3

Gump Jr, Frederick, 371-2

Guy's Hospital, London, 118

habeas corpus, 358, 360-8

Hadfield (or Hatfield), James, 91-2, 102, 103

Hale, Lord Justice, 88-9, 97-8, 105

Hamilton, Allan McLane, 309-10, 313, 329-30, 332-3, 334, 347, 367, 371

Hammond, Graeme M., 310-11, 312, 316, 331, 332, 334, 344

Hanwell Asylum in Middlesex, 43

Harnett, Charles, 302

Harrington, Sydney Cornish, 43, 47, 116-17

Harris, Ruth,
Murders and Madness
(1989), 194

Hartridge, Clifford W., 364

hatred, 7, 8, 106, 151, 154, 184, 288, 300, 357, 384- 5, 393

Havers, Mr Justice, 112, 380

Hickock, Dick, 378

Hinckley Jr, John, 388-91

Hindley, Myra, 219

Hippocratic oath, 171, 397

Hippodrome in London, 365

Hirsch, William, 312-13, 329, 330

Holland, 381

Homicide Act (1957), 113

homosexuality, 217, 380

Thaw's penchant for boys, 286, 290, 291-2, 294, 350, 371-2

‘honour killings', 384-5

Howard University, 311

Hume, David, Commentaries on the Law of Scotland, 98

Hummel, Abe, 297, 329

hydrotherapy, 181

hypnotic states

automatisms or altered states, 2, 6, 169, 181, 183, 208, 230, 244-5, 246, 250

Chambige trial and, 212-14, 216, 217-18

crime and, 6, 169, 210, 211, 212-14, 216, 217-18, 219, 223-30

criminal responsibility and, 169, 183, 210, 219

Eyraud-Bompard case, 219, 223-30

fear of, 231-4

Harry Thaw and, 363-4

Henriette Caillaux case and, 244-5

hysteria and, 209, 210, 211, 219, 226

modern mass public and, 207, 219

Nancy school and, 210-11, 219, 225-6, 227, 228-30, 231, 232-3

Paris school and, 219, 224-5, 226-7, 230-1

as popular spectacle, 56, 208, 209, 232

shooting of Tourette and, 233-4

sleepwalking (somnambulist) states, 169, 183, 210, 223, 226, 227

theatrical performances of banned in France (1892), 232

therapeutic, 211

hypochondriacal melancholy, 118, 184

hysteria,
55-6, 58,
63, 84, 119, 249-50

Charcot and, 209-10

Christiana Edmunds and, 46, 49, 56-7, 81, 123, 127

double personality (‘doublement de la vie'), 217-18, 244-5, 246

electrotherapies, 56

French diagnoses of, 188

Freud's ‘conversion hysteria', 188

grande hystérie, 209, 225

hypnotic states and, 209, 210, 211, 219, 226

neurological analyses, 51-2, 53-4, 55, 209-10, 225

petite hystérie, 204, 227

sexual desire and, 6, 52, 53, 61, 62

treatments for, 55-8, 61-2

uterine or ovarian theorists, 49-51, 55

imitative behaviour, 210, 217, 299

infanticide, 4-5, 126, 170

insanity

acquittals of women on grounds of, 115

affects on family, 42, 44-7, 81-2, 102, 111, 116, 119, 123, 204, 311

‘alienation of reason', 169

the ‘borderland', 86

Chancery Lunatics, 83

Commissioners on Lunacy, 45

‘contagion by example' notion, 204

difficulties of expert-witnessing, 331-2, 375-8

distortions of passion and volition (‘irresistible impulse'), 5-6, 98, 106, 113, 121-2, 168-70, 171-2, 186-8, 270, 307, 313, 337, 357, 388

double personality (‘doublement de la vie'), 217-18, 244-5, 246

feminism and, 200-1

hereditarian explanations in France, 169, 183-4, 185, 204

inherited component of Thaw's condition, 305, 319, 332-3, 349, 350

legal definitions of, 3, 4, 8, 68, 81, 84, 85, 88-101, 102-3, 104-5, 121, 332-3, 375

legal precedent and, 90-9, 102, 103

legislation in Britain, 45, 92, 120, 126, 127

legislation under Third Republic, 170-1

medical literature on, 83-4, 86, 88, 89-90, 92, 97-8

M'Naghten rules, 100-1, 105, 307, 333, 357, 388

monomania, 168, 169

moral, 5, 83-4, 86, 87

partial and absolute, 89-92, 93-4, 100-1, 105, 169, 337

pauper lunatics, 45, 126

personality disorders, 6, 7, 86, 99, 323, 389, 394

plea in US courts, 270, 307, 313

plea of ‘diminished responsibility', 113

schizophrenia, 6, 99, 332, 384, 389-90

sexualized female badness and, 74-5, 77

tertiary syphilis and, 44, 182

‘therapeutic confinement', 3

treatments at asylums, 43, 83, 126-7, 181-2

use of neuro-images in court, 389-90

Victorian understanding of heredity and, 42, 45-6, 81-2, 84, 86, 103-4, 111, 116, 119

wild-beast test, 90, 91, 94

see also
asylums; delusion; mind-doctors; paranoia; the criminally insane

Italy, 17, 20, 36, 45, 161

Jackson, Mrs (matron at Broadmoor), 127-8, 129, 130

James, William, ‘Are We Automata?', 330-1

Janet, Pierre, 218, 244

Jaurès, Jean, 247

jealousy, 2, 4, 7, 36, 114, 170, 187, 239-40, 250, 299, 315, 341, 386

Jelliffe, Smith Ely, 309, 311, 331, 332, 334, 354

Jerome, William Travers, 303, 304, 310

first Thaw trial and, 313, 314-16, 319-20, 322-3, 325-30, 332-3, 335, 336-7, 342, 343

second trial of Thaw and, 348, 349, 350, 351-3, 354, 356-7

Thaw's habeas corpus applications and, 360, 362-3, 364, 365-7

Joan of Arc, 293

Johns Hopkins psychiatry department, 363

Journal of Mental and Nervous Diseases, 311

Journal of Mental Science, 83

judicial and legal system, British

‘alienation of reason', 169

definitions of insanity, 3, 4, 8, 68, 81, 84, 85, 88-101, 102-3, 104-5, 121

gender and, 3, 4-5, 9, 40, 112, 113, 114-15

‘guilty but insane' verdicts, 310

‘
mens rea
' 5, 391

M'Naghten rules, 100-1, 105, 307, 333, 357, 388

no easy solutions to love gone awry, 397-8

non compos mentis principle, 1-2

plea of ‘diminished responsibility', 113

precedent in defining insanity, 90-9, 102, 103

Ruth Ellis case, 379-80

therapeutic jurisprudence, 381-2, 395

judicial and legal system, French

acquittals as symbolic assertions of justice, 218

confessional narratives, 161

in flagrante delicto mitigation, 187

hereditarian theories of the ‘born criminal', 161, 217

the investigating magistrate (
juge d'instruction
), 160, 161-3, 171, 175

mind-doctors as expert witnesses, 168-9, 171-2, 181-8, 189, 224-7, 310

Napoleonic Code (1808), 160-1, 170, 186, 187-8, 243

no law against pre-trial disclosure, 173

precedent in
crime passionnel,
187, 188

pre-trial inquiry (
instruction
), 160, 161-3, 221-2, 223

psychology of the defendant and, 160-1

recorded account of magistrate, 162

remuneration for medico-legal work, 186

rights of defendant, 162, 163

role for medico-legist in criminal code, 170, 251, 310

‘temporary' lack of mental responsibility, 313

trial dossiers, 161, 162, 175, 222

trial procedure, 175, 192

women criminals and, 161, 172, 188, 193-5, 198, 199, 235-6, 379-80

judicial and legal system, US

changes to insanity legislation after Hinckley trial, 390-1

insanity pleas, 270, 307, 313

legal definitions of insanity, 332-3

mind-doctors as expert witnesses, 307, 308-13, 314-16, 318-24, 326-7, 329-35, 337-8, 344-7, 348-9, 354, 363, 375, 380

‘not guilty by reason of insanity' verdict, 310, 357-8, 360, 378

‘the unwritten law' (honour codes), 267-8, 292, 304, 305-7, 336, 339, 348

therapeutic jurisprudence, 381

Jung, Carl Gustav, 59, 309

the Jungfrau, 296

Juvenal, 64

Kafka, Franz,
The Trial,
162-3

Käsebier, Gertrude, 278

Katzenstein, Schloss (the Tyrol), 293-5, 301, 329, 355

Kennedy, Helena, 341

Kent and Canterbury Hospital, 46

Keogh, Martin, 365, 368

Key, Philip Barton, 306

King, Nell, 275

kleptomania, 169, 185

Kraepelin, Emil, 332, 354-6