Trials of Passion (56 page)

p. 161
criminal woman:
Cesare Lombroso and Guglielmo Ferrero,
Criminal Woman, the Prostitute, and the Normal Woman (La donna delinquente,
1893), trans. Mary Gibson and Nicole Hahn Rafter (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2004), p. 183 and passim.

p. 161
fin de siècle:
Ruth Harris in
Murder and Madness
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989) does far greater justice to this subject than I have space for here

p. 162
prior crime:
Eliza Earle Ferguson in
Gender and Justice: Violence, Lntimacy and Community in Fin-de-Siècle Paris
(Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2010) provides interesting insight into this phenomenon and the mores of the working-class areas of Paris

p. 169
legal arena:
For a full exploration of this case, see my
Mad, Bad and Sad

p. 170
circulation:
Hélie Courtis,
Étude médico-légale des crimespassionnels
(Toulouse: C. Dirion, 1910), pp. 10–11, 104–5. Cited in Edward Berenson,
The Trial of Madame Caillaux
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), pp. 30-2

p. 171
abortion:
Jack D. Ellis,
The Physician-Legislators of France: Medicine and Politics in the Early Third Republic 1870-1914
(Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. 208 and passim

p. 174
drove to crime:
Bataille,
Causes Criminelles et Mondaines de 1880,
pp. 13, 14, 20 and 37 passim below

p. 178
juries: Le Figaro,
16 December 1882;
New York Times,
11 June 1882

p. 178
the name:
Presse Judiciaire Parisienne,
Le Palais de Justice,
p. 288

p. 182
asylum:
Laure Murat,
La Maison du Docteur Blanche, Histoire Tun asile et de ses pensionnaires
(Paris: J. C. Lattès, 2001), p. 200

p. 183
offence:
Auguste Motet, ‘Accès de somnambulisme spontané et provoqué',
Annales d'hygiène publique et de médecine légale,
3rd series, 5 (1881), pp. 214–25 at
http://www2.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/livanc/?p=216&cote=90141xl881x05&do=page
, accessed 30 August 2012

p. 184
maternity:
Medical report dated 16 March 1880 in Marie Bière's Judicial Dossier D2 U8 96

p. 186
ten francs:
Harris,
Murders and Madness,
p. 138

p. 186
reporting:
Notes found in Judicial Dossier D2 U8 156, 18 February 1884

p. 192
procedure:
‘Maître Lachaud',
Le Figaro,
16 December 1882

p. 194
lighter than mens:
Harris,
Murders and Madness,
p. 210. See also Ferguson,
Gender and Justice

p. 196
difficult tasks:
‘Échos de Paris',
Le Petit Journal,
13 April 1880, p. 3

p. 197
happy: Le Figaro,
8 February 1881, p. 4

p. 201
from above:
Alexandre Dumas
fils, Les Femmes qui tuent et les femmes qui votent,
ebook #29937 at Project Gutenberg (pp. 94–5 of the original text)

p. 201
failed to:
Ibid., pp. 25–6

p. 204
nature:
Judicial Dossier D2 U8 156

p. 207
crowd:
See, for example, Paul Aubry,
La Contagion du meurtre: Étude d'anthro- pologie criminelle
(Paris, 1896), cited also by Harris,
Murders and Madness,
p. 235

p. 209
Hamming It Up: Le Figaro,
18 April 1883

p. 211
unreliable:
See Jean-Martin Charcot's lecture of 1890, ‘Hypnotism and Crime', reproduced at
http://baillement.com/lettres/charcot_forum.html
; and Gilles de la Tourette,
L'hypnotisme et les états analogues aupoint de vue médico-légal
(Paris: Plon, 1887), pp. 328–82; Jacqueline Carroy and Marc Renneville, ‘Une cause passionnelle passionnante: Tarde et l'affaire Chambige (1889)', in Champ Pénal, Penal Field, 34th French Congress of Criminology, 15 September 2005, ‘Murder under Hypnosis', in
The Anatomy of Madness,
vol. 2, ed. W. F. Bynum, Roy Porter and Michael Shepherd (London: Tavistock Publications, 1983), pp. 197–241

p. 215
proud: Le Temps,
11 November 1888

p. 217
criminelle:
G. Tarde, ‘L'affaire Chambige',
Archives d'anthropologie criminelle,
vol. IV (1889), pp. 92-108

p. 218
alters
: See my
Mad, Bad and Sad,
chapter 6

p. 221
closer look:
Archives for this case are in box D2 U8 267 at the Archives de la Seine, from which my trial information comes.
Le Figaro
followed the case, and though Albert Bataille didn't take to its protagonists, it is collected in his
Causes Criminelles et Mondaines
for 1890. The illustrated papers loved the story and invented images for the main players. Jules de Grandpre Beau joint in the serialized feuilleton
La Malle Sanglante
(Fayard, 1890) devoted over a thousand pages to it, with illustrations, songs, extracts from the press and not a little padding about the vagaries of hypnosis, plus the kind of speculation that in Britain would fall under contempt of court

p. 226
consciousness of man:
Sigmund Freud, quoted in Ernest Jones,
The Life and Work of Sigmund Freud
(Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1964), p. 211

p. 227
flesh:
Reproduced at length, though perhaps not altogether accurately, in Grandpré Beaujoint,
La Malle Sanglante
, a distinctly sensationalist and popular rendition of the case

p. 230
epileptics:
Grandpré Beaujoint,
La Malle Sanglante
, pp. 56-60

p. 238
Germany:
Sophie Humann, ‘Henriette Caillaux tira six fois',
Valeurs Actuelles
, 26 April 2012,
http://www.valeursactuelles.com/histoire/actualit%C3%A9s/henriette-caillaux-tira-six-fois20120425.html
, accessed 14 November 2012

p. 239
campaign: Le Matin,
1914, pp. 3, 17

p. 239
Saint-Lazare:
Newspaper coverage apart, there are few remaining official archive sources for the trial of Madame Caillaux: a fire in the fort of Montlignon in 1974 put an end to the investigating magistrate's dossier. The police records, whether by intent or accident, have also disappeared. The papers, however, gave extensive coverage both of the murder and of the July trial. Most of my rendition of the facts of the case comes from
Le Matin, Le Figaro
and
Le Petit fournal
for March and July 1914, as well as Edward Berenson's fine
The Trial of Madame Caillaux
(Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992)

p. 239
emotion: Le Petit Parisien,
21 July 1914

p. 244
drove me on: Le Matin,
29 July 1914, carries the full text of the final day of the trial, which contains both advocates' summary statements, recapitulating the evidence as well as their pleas

p. 246
respect: Le Figaro,
30 July 1914;
Le Matin,
29 July 1914

p. 249
[her] offence:
For the full materials on the R v Emma [Kitty] Byron case, see National Archives CRIM/1/80/3, C479803; also Ginger Frost, ‘“She Is
But a Woman”: Kitty Byron and Edwardian Criminal Justice',
Gender and History,
vol. 16, no. 3 (November 2004), pp. 456, 538–60

p. 250
own sex
: Ibid., p. 552

p. 250
impossible:
R. Krafft-Ebing,
Psychopathia Sexualis,
sometimes translated as
The Psychology of Sex
(New York: Rebman Company, 1899), pp. 1–2, 14

p. 251
Courtis
: Joelle Guillas,
Crimes of Passion
(Cambridge: Polity Press, 1990), p. 196

PART THREE

p. 255
tenderloin:
For a history of New York, see Edwin G. Burrows and Mike Wallace,
Gotham: A History of New York City to 1898
(Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999) and Kenneth T. Jackson (ed.),
The Encyclopedia of New York City
(New Haven: Yale University Press, 1995)

p. 256
million:
http://www.measuringworth.com/calculators/uscompare/relativevalue.php

p. 257
skylight world:
Paula Uruburu,
American Eve
(Riverhead Books: New York, 2008), p. 72

p. 258
States:
Charles C. Baldwin,
Stanford White
(New York: Springer, 1971), pp. 208–9; also Gerald Langford,
The Murder of Stanford White
(New York: Bobbs Merrill, 1962)

p. 258
Monroe's:
Uruburu,
American Eve,
passim

p. 261
romance:
From
Mamzelle Champagne,
cited in Uruburu,
American Eve,
p. 281

p. 261
indiscretion:
Uruburu,
American Eve,
p. 270, quotes the
New York Tribune
description of the new look as ‘a little short of revolutionary in its application of such searching sculptural indiscretion to the female form'

p. 264
ennercent:
Harry K. Thaw,
The Traitor
(Philadelphia: Dorrance & Co., 1926), p. 147

p. 265
pleasure house: New York Times,
26 June 1906

p. 267
Caillaux's: New York Times,
25 January 1916

p. 269
community: New York Times,
29 January 1906

p. 273
fourteen years:
Cited by Uruburu,
American Eve,
p. 48 and below, p. 49

p. 280
one failing:
Evelyn Nesbit,
The Story of My Life
(London: John Long, 1914), p. 53 and also above, pp. 49–57

p. 283
agreed with me:
Thaw,
The Traitor,
p. 101

p. 284
annoyed:
Nesbit,
The Story of My Life,
p. 80

p. 287
put up with:
Freud, S. (1894). Draft H. ‘Paranoia,' in
The Complete Letters of Sigmund Freud to Wilhelm Fliess, 1887–1904,
ed. J. M. Masson (Cambridge,
MA and London: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1985), p. 108

p. 288
done to us:
Ibid., pp. 109–10

p. 291
future husband: Nesbit, The Story of My Life
, p. 85

p. 296
girls' lives:
Thaw,
The Traitor
, pp. 112–13

p. 298
identical terms:
Nesbit,
The Story of My Life
, p. 94

p. 300
apparent cause:
Cited in
New York Times
, 18 August 1913

p. 300
harm Harry:
Langford,
The Murder of Stanford White
, p. 35

p. 302
disgusting particulars:
Jean Marie Lutes,
Front-Page Girls: Women Journalists in American Culture and Fiction, 1880–1930
(Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2006), p. 76

p. 302
decent men:
Quoted in Langford,
The Murder of Stanford White
, p. 65

p. 303
whatever:
Thaw,
The Traitor
, pp. 149–51

p. 305
at the time:
F. A. Mackenzie (ed.),
The Trial of Harry Thaw
(London: Geoffrey Bles, 1928) contains the most verbatim material of all the books on the trial

p. 305
reasonable doubt:
Quoted in ibid., p. 42

p. 307
photographer:
Arthur P. Shimamura, ‘Muybridge in Motion: Travels in Art, Psychology and Neurology',
History of Photography
, 26, part 4 (2002), pp. 341–50

p. 307
insane:
W. A. White,
Insanity and the Criminal Law
(New York: Macmillan, 1923), p. 91. Quoted in Emil R. Pinta,
Paranoia of the Millionaire
(New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2010), p. 9

p. 310
objective:
Allan McLane Hamilton,
Recollections oj an Alienist
(New York: George H. Doran, 1916), pp. 284ff. Available at
http://books.google.co.uk/books

p. 310
because insane: New York Times,
14 January 1917. Although the words ‘guilty but insane' were used about Christiana Edmunds after her trial, the actual use of this as a courtroom verdict came in 1883 with the Trial of Lunatics Act

p. 311
at this time:
William A. White, letter of 4 November 1916 to Arthur P. Herring; and below, letter to Dr Fisher, November 1919, quoted in Gerald N. Grob,
The Inner World of American Psychiatry 1890–1940
(New Jersey: Rutgers University Press, 1985), pp. 171–4

p. 312
arrest:
See Thaw,
The Traitor,
pp. 153–5, for a description by Thaw of this early examination, in which nothing seemed to him to have been examined

p. 313
continental literature:
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/‘Epidemics
of Hysteria',
Popular Science Monthly,
vol. 49 (August 1896)

p. 315
therefor
: Quoted in Mackenzie,
The Trial of Harry Thaw,
pp. 45–6. The current relevant part of the New York State Code reads: ‘S 40.15 Mental disease or defect. In any prosecution for an offense, it is an affirmative defense that: when the defendant engaged in the proscribed conduct, he lacked criminal responsibility by reason of mental disease or defect. Such lack of criminal responsibility means that at the time of such conduct, as a result of mental disease or defect, he lacked substantial capacity to know or appreciate either: 1. The nature and consequence of such conduct; or 2. That such conduct was wrong'

p. 316
queen
: Langford,
The Murder of Stanford White,
p. 91

p. 318
about them:
Quoted in Mackenzie,
The Trial of Harry Thaw,
pp. 63–4, and Langford,
The Murder of Stanford White,
pp. 111–12. There are very slight differences in the versions