The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine (78 page)

hypertension
151

leukaemia
159
,
160

lithium
506

statins
483–4

sulphonamides
242

Silva, Ashanthi de
340
,
341

single-gene disorders
324
,
339
,
457
,
459

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs)
460

skin grafting
252–3

Skipper, Howard
171–3

Sloan, Alfred
164

Sloan-Kettering Institute
164

Smith-Petersen, Marius
122

smoking
41
,
59–69

social engineering
see
Social Theory (of disease)

Social Theory (of disease)
309
,
351–60
,
396–405

affluence
355
,
402–3

appeal of
351
,
356
,
402
,
406

cancer
355
,
356
,
383–8

claims
397

environmental pollution
389–95
,
397

epidemiology
309
,
397
,
398–402

evaluated
357–8

and evolution
310
,
358

future
429

inconsistencies
403–5

prevention
356–7
,
422

rise of
352
,
400

statistics
358

tuberculosis
353–5

utopianism
400–1

victim-blaming
404

see also
heart disease

soil bacteria
24
,
50

solid tumours
176

Souttar, Henry
106

sperm

IVF
184
,
185
,
187
,
188

sperm counts
201
,
390
,
393–4

Spiers, Alexander
170

Stalin, Josef
149

Stamler, Jeremiah
369
,
370

Starling, E. H.
228

Starzl, Thomas
145–6

statins
480–4

statistics
42
,
44–6

alcohol consumption distribution
401–2

case-control studies
62–5

cohort studies
66–9

and knowledge
432

Randomised Controlled Trial (RCT)
58
,
59
,
61
,
70–1

Social Theory
358

stents
447

Steptoe, Patrick

and Edwards
181
,
194
,
196
,
197
,
200

laparoscopy
192–3
,
261

Sternbach, Leo
510–11

steroids

inflammation
220

kidney transplants
146

leukaemia
159
,
166
,
171
,
173

role of
219

see also
cortisone

Steward, Fred
278

Stock, Percy
61

stomach, bacteria
205

stomach cancer
211

stomach ulcers
see
peptic ulcers

strep sore throats
241

streptococcus
239
,
240
,
498

streptokinase
380

streptomycin

clinical trials
53
,
54–6

discovery
24
,
25
,
50–1

tuberculosis
41
,
47–8
,
51

stress
207

strokes
147
,
148
,
153
,
155
,
355

Subba Row, Y.
165
,
166

suicide
479

sulphonamides
152
,
238–44

sulphonylureas
243

surgery

age limitations
450–3

developments
249
,
444

hip replacements
121–30

keyhole
261
,
440
,
447–50

microsurgery
250–4

post-operative complications
108
,
118

psychosurgery
79–80

scope of
2

see also
cardiac surgery
;
transplants

Swanson, Robert
326–7
,
328

systemic lupus erythematosis (SLE)
498

Taussig, Helen
103
,
104

technology
222
,
248–62
,
420

diagnostic
249
,
289–91
,
420

dying
296–8

empirical nature
271

endoscopes
249
,
254–62
,
448

foetal monitoring
291–5

forms of
249

intentional solutions
248

laparoscopes
181
,
221
,
255
,
260–1

operating microscopes
250–4

Teflon
125
,
126
,
127
,
128

Temin, Howard
320
,
321

Tesi, Raymond
452

test-tube babies
179

see also
IVF

text-cutters (DNA)
319
,
326
,
333

thalassaemia
335

thalidomide
281
,
282

therapeutic revolution

definitive moments
2
,
3
,
7
,
180
,
216–17
,
244

disease processes
283

dynamics of
245

faltering
305

potential realised
275

scale of
2

see also
pharmaceutical industry

thiotepa
164

thiourea
243

Thomas, Lewis
11

throats, strep sore
241

thrombus (clots)
361
,
367–8
,
370
,
379–81

thyrotoxicosis
243

thyroxine
31

tracheostomy
85
,
89
,
91

transplants

bone marrow
146

heart
103
,
119
,
146

immune system
131–6

immunosuppressants
133
,
142
,
144
,
145
,
146
,
242

kidneys
131
,
136–41
,
452

liver
146

lungs
146

see also
replantation

Trounson, Alan
200

tuberculosis
48–9

AIDS
56–7

clinical trials
53–6

decline in
353–5
,
359–60

Orwell
57–8

streptomycin
41
,
47–8
,
51

treatment
41
,
43
,
49
,
56

Tyndall, John
256

uncertainty
400

Upjohn
245
,
247

urology
448

utopianism
400–1

Valium
510

valve replacements, hearts
118

Vane, John
380

vegetables
392–3

ventilation

iron-lungs
86–7
,
89
,
90

oxygen
84
,
248

polio
85
,
87–92

post-operative
94–5

victim-blaming, Social Theory
404

Victoria, Queen
334

vincristine
159
,
167
,
171
,
173

Vining, Leo
25

viruses
319
,
339
,
343
,
411
,
412

vitamins
12

Wade, Nicholas
459

Waksman, Selman
24–5
,
50
,
166
,
264–5

Warren, J. Robin
209

wartime, influence of
217–19

water pollution
390–1

Watson, James
216
,
313
,
455

Waugh, Grant
58–9

Waugh, William
126

White, Paul
227–8
,
365

WHO Trial
372
,
401

Wildavsky, Aaron
395

Wiles, Philip
123

Wills, Christopher
316–17

Wills, Lucy
165

withdrawal syndrome
479

Woglom, W. H.
161

Wolf, Stewart
207

Wolff, Howard
207

Wood, Marcus de
380

Woods, Donald
241

worried well
5–6
,
424

Wurtman, Richard
281

Wyngaarden, James
278
,
300

Yalta conference
149

Zantac
467–9

Zeiss
249–50

Zollinger-Ellinson syndrome
206

Zuelzer, Wolf
160