The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine (75 page)

DeWall, Richard
116

Dexter, Michael
456

diabetes
31
,
243
,
325
,
412

diagnosis
11
,
236

diagnostic technology
2
,
249
,
289–91
,
420

dialysis
137–8
,
248

diet

and cancer
383
,
385–8
,
397

as disease cause
352
,
355

and heart disease
364–6
,
368–74
,
376
,
381–2

digoxin
11

diseases

disease mongering
469–71

pattern of
12

therapeutic revolution
212–13

unknown causes
203
,
283
,
306
,
352
,
407–13

see also
Social Theory (of disease)
;
specific
diseases

diuretics
243

DNA
313–22
,
412

anti-cancer drugs
167
,
168
,
174

structure of
216
,
455

text-cutters
319
,
326
,
333

doctors

diagnosing
11

disillusioned
4–5
,
417
,
423

and patients
230
,
233
,
434

and pharmaceutical industry
433
,
473–4

specialists
275–7

see also
prescriptions

Doll, Sir Richard

causes of cancer
385
,
386–8

food consumption review
355

smoking
61–2
,
63
,
64
,
65
,
69

Dollery, Colin
277–8

Domagk, Gerhard
238–9
,
242

Dotter, Charles
445

Drinker, Philip
86

drug companies
see
pharmaceutical industry

drugs

accidental discovery
236–8

anaesthetics
92

anticoagulants
370

antidepressants
475–80
,
504
,
507–9

blockbuster
284–5
,
467–71
,
485

cholesterol-lowering
374
,
376–9
,
480–4

clots
380

contraceptive
189
,
190
,
191

development time
283

effectiveness
285

evaluating
471–3

fertility
189
,
190
,
200

genetic engineering
330–1

hypertension
148
,
151–3

immunosuppressants
133
,
142
,
144
,
145
,
146

innovation
271
,
282
,
284
,
485–6

lifestyle
286

new
278–9
,
281–7

non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
500–1

numbers of
221

peptic ulcers
208

prescriptions
441
,
465
,
474–5
,
476

psychiatric illnesses
74
,
80–2
,
503–11

regulation
282

resistance to
56

rheumatology
498–502

sulphonamides
152
,
238–44

withdrawal syndrome
479

see also
anti-cancer drugs
;
antibiotics
;
clinical trials
;
side-effects of drugs

dying
296–8

ear
250

Edwards, Robert (Bob)
180–1
,
182
,
185–9
,
193–200
,
217

eggs
see
IVF

elderly
see
ageing

electric shock therapy (ECT)
79

electrocardiogram
227

Eli Lilly
328
,
330

Elion, Gertrude
133
,
141
,
144
,
167
,
241
,
284

Elkes, Joel
76–7
,
82

Ellis, Laurence Brewster
106–7

embryology
221

endocrinology
221

endoscopes
249
,
254–62
,
448

endoscopy
291

environmental pollution
356
,
389–95
,
397

‘epidemic of anxiety'
404

epidemiology
309
,
397
,
398–402

epilepsy
285

Epstein, Samuel
355
,
389

Epstein, Stephen
381

Erlichman, James
329

erysipelas
240–1

eugenicist ideology
339

evolution
310
,
358

Eysenck, Hans
503

factor VIII:
325
,
334
,
335

fallopian tubes
180
,
183
,
184
,
192
,
193
,
198

Fallot, Etienne Louis
103

Fallot's Tetralogy
103–5
,
107
,
115
,
116
,
117
,
231

Farber, Sidney
165
,
166
,
171
,
175

Faroe Islands
409

Farr, William
45

Feinstein, Alvin
398–9

female reproductive hormones
189–92

fertility drugs
189
,
190
,
200

see also
IVF

fibreoptic endoscopes
257–9

finasteride
285

first order kinetics
173

Fisher, Ronald
45–6

Fleming, Alexander
15–17
,
21

Fletcher, Charles
14
,
21

Florey, Howard

career
17–18
,
21
,
216

and Chain
19
,
21

Domagk's experiment
242

penicillin manufacture
20
,
25
,
218

foetal monitoring
291–5

folic acid
165
,
241

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
189
,
190
,
191

Franco, General
296–7

Frei, Emil, III:
170
,
173

Freireich, Emil
170
,
173

Freudian psychoanalysis
see
psychoanalysis

Friedmann, Theodore
341

fruit
392–3

frusemide
243

Gadsden, Henry
467

Gainsborough, Hugh
256

gall bladders
261

Gallo, Robert
413

Galton, David
158

Galton, Francis
44

Gardner, Mrs
28

gastritis
209
,
210

gastroscopes
255
,
256

Gee, Samuel
226

Geigy
500
,
507
,
508

Gell, Philip
349–50

gene therapy
324
,
339–44
,
345

Genentec
327
,
328–9
,
330

genes

breast cancer
337

complexity
347–9
,
462

gene therapy
324
,
339–44
,
345

genome sequencing
458
,
459

haemoglobin
322

Human Genome Project
455–6

insulin
321
,
322
,
328

proteins
332

regulatory
463

working of
313–23

see also
DNA
;
New Genetics

genetic diseases
316
,
334–5

complexity
348–9

single-gene disorders
324
,
339
,
457
,
459

genetic engineering
324
,
325–32
,
345

genetic screening
333–6
,
345

genetic testing
336–8

genetics
see
New Genetics

genome sequencing
458
,
459

Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS)
460

George V:
223

Gibbon, John
98
,
108–14

gifts from nature
264
,
266

Gilbert, Walter
322

Gillick, Muriel
297

Gillies, Sir Harold
252
,
253

Gilman, Alfred
162–3
,
217

Girolami, Paul
467–8
,
469

GlaxoSmithKline
479

gold
499

Goldberg, Elsa
207

Golden Ages, knowledge
418

Goldstein, David
462

Goodman, Louis
162
,
217

gout
502

Gow, Jim
259–60

Gray, T. Cecil
92–3

Greenwood, Major
42
,
43
,
44
,
46

Greuntzig, Andreas
445–6

Griffin, John
286

Griffith, Howard
92

Guillan-Barré syndrome
91

Guthrie, Woody
334

gynaecology
192
,
261
,
448

haemoglobin
322
,
333

haemophilia
325
,
334–5

Hamburger, Jean
145

Hare, Ronald
16
,
17

Harken, Dwight
106–7
,
218

Harvey, William
454

health care, costs of
6–7
,
425–6
,
439

Healthism
5–6

heart
96

blood loss
225–6

catheters
229–30
,
231

Fallot's Tetralogy
103–5
,
107
,
115
,
116
,
117
,
231

heartbeat irregularities
227–8

pacemakers
248

transplants
103
,
119

workings of
102

see also
cardiac surgery
;
heart disease

heart disease
2
,
336
,
361–82

angina
153
,
284

cholesterol
362–4
,
381
,
403

clots (thrombus)
361
,
367–8
,
370
,
379–81