The Rise and Fall of Modern Medicine (76 page)

coronary thrombosis
361–3
,
367–8

and diet
364–6
,
368–74
,
376
,
381–2

Keys on
362–9

McKeown on
355

modern epidemic
361–2
,
366–7
,
370
,
373

resembles infectious disease
373
,
379
,
381

risk factors
363

trials
370–2
,
401

heart-lung machines (pumps)
96–8
,
102
,
108–12

heartburn
470

helicobacter
202
,
210
,
211
,
212
,
411

Hench, Philip Showalter
28
,
29
,
32
,
33
,
38
,
216

hepatitis
225

Herceptin
487

heritability, missing
459–61
,
491

herpes virus
412

Herrick, Richard
139–40

Herrick, Ronald
139
,
140

High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (HMWP)
127–8

Hill, Sir Leonard
42

Himsworth, Sir Harold
64–5

hip replacements
121–30

Hirschowitz, Basil
257
,
258

Hitchings, George
133
,
141
,
144
,
167
,
241
,
284

HIV (human immunodeficiency virus)
413

Holman, Arthur
228

Hopewell, John
144

Hopkins, Harold
255–7
,
259
,
260
,
262
,
447

Hopkins, Mary
110

Horder, Lord ‘Tommy'
226–7
,
428

hormones
12
,
31
,
32
,
189–92

see also
cortisone
;
insulin

Horton, Richard
2

hospitals, specialists
275–7

Hu, Howard
390

human chorionic gonadatrophin (HCG)
191
,
200

Human Genome Project
312
,
441
,
454–7
,
458–9
,
462

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
413

human menopausal gonadatrophine (HMG)
191

Huntington's chorea
316
,
334

hydrazine
509

hydroxychloroquine
501

hypertension
147–55

Ibsen, Bjorn
88–90
,
93
,
221
,
296

ibuprofen
501

illness, definition of
441
,
470–1

imipramine
282
,
507–8

immune system

immunisation
11

immunological tolerance
134–6

immunosuppressant drugs
133
,
142
,
144
,
145
,
146
,
242

transplants
131–6

immunology
498

immunosuppressant drugs
133
,
142
,
144
,
145
,
146

in vitro fertilisation (IVF)
179–81
,
182–9
,
194–201
,
221

indomethacin
500

infectious diseases
2

infertility
2
,
181
,
182–4
,
191
,
201

inflammation

anti-inflammatory proteins
269

cortisone
27
,
37
,
39
,
269–70

heart disease
381

steroids
220

insulin

animal source
325

diabetes
31

gene
321
,
322
,
328

genetic engineering
327–8
,
330

psychiatric illnesses
79

insulin coma
79

intensive care units
84
,
93–5
,
96
,
248
,
297–8

iron-lung respirators
86–7
,
89
,
90

Isberg, Ann
85

isoniazid
56

IVF (in vitro fertilisation)
179–81
,
182–9
,
194–201
,
221

Jabon, Marcel
243

jaundice
29
,
30
,
225
,
231

Johnson, Enid
92

Jones, Steve
459
,
461

Judet, Jean and Robert
123

Judet prosthesis
123
,
124

Kan, Yuet Wei
333

Keller, Evelyn Fox
462

Kempner, Walter
150

Kendall, Edward
28
,
31
,
33
,
38

Kennaway, Edwards
61

Kennedy, Ian
357

Kettering, Charles
164

keyhole surgery
261
,
440
,
447–50

Keys, Ancel
362–9
,
370

Keys, Margaret
364
,
365

kidneys
131
,
136–41
,
224–5
,
452

Kinlen, Leo
410

Kirklin, John
99
,
114
,
116
,
117–18

Kirsch, Irving
480

Klarer, Josef
239

knowledge, forms of
432

Koch, Robert
49
,
499

Kolff, Wilhelm
137
,
231

Kuhn, Roland
507–8

Kuo, Chochuo
381

Kurtzke, John F.
409

Kuss, René
145

Laborit, Henri
80
,
81
,
220

laparoscopes
181
,
221
,
255
,
260–1

laparoscopy
192–4

surgery
261
,
448–50

Lassen, H. C. A.
88
,
89
,
90

LaTouche, C. J.
16

Lehmann, Jorgen
52

Leiden, Jeffrey
343

Leitz cystoscopes
259–60

Lepley, Derward
100
,
101

leprosy
243

leukaemia
157
,
158
,
384

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL)
157
,
158
,
159–60
,
174

anti-cancer drugs
157–8
,
159
,
166
,
169
,
171
,
173
,
242

Sellafield cluster
394
,
409
,
410

Lewis, Sir Thomas
226
,
227
,
229

Lewontin, Richard
348

life-sustaining technology
248–9
,
296

lifestyle (as cause of disease)
61
,
396–7
,
398
,
404–5

see also
Social Theory (of disease) lifestyle drugs
286

Lillehei, Walton
99–101
,
114
,
115–16

limbs, replantation
252

Lind, James
53

lithium
504–7

litigation, obstetrics
294–5

liver, transplants
146

lobotomies
79–80

Longmore, Donald
118

Louis, Pierre Charles
53

lovastatin
481

lungs
109
,
146

cancer
41
,
59
,
60
,
71
,
176

see also
heart-lung machine

luteinising hormone (LH)
190
,
191

lysozymes
18

malaria
243

Malpas, J. S.
178

Manhattan Project
215
,
218

Maniatis, Thomas
320

Marimastat
332

Marshall, Barry

peptic ulcers
202
,
208–10
,
212
,
217
,
411

self-experimentation
204
,
205

Marsilid
509

McCallum, F. V.
243

McElwain, Tim
177

McIndoe, Sir Archie
253

McIntire, Ross
149

McKee, Kenneth
123

McKeown, Thomas
353–5
,
359

McMichael, John
224
,
225
,
229
,
231
,
301

measles
134

Medawar, Peter
132
,
133
,
289
,
419

Medical Annual, The
279

medical expansionism
440–1
,
470–1

‘medical vampirism'
289–90

medicine

definitive moments
2
,
3
,
7
,
180
,
216–17
,
244

future
428–35
,
490–5

methods of practising
228

paradoxes
4–7
,
417
,
423–7

post-war achievement
1
,
437

Rise and Fall (theme)
7
,
417–23
,
497

task of
430–1
,
434

workforce
439

see also
clinical science
;
diseases
;
doctors
;
research
;
therapeutic revolution

melphalan
164

Melrose, Donald
119

Melzer, Andreas
448

Menkin, Miriam
183
,
187

menstrual cycle
190
,
192

mental illness
see
psychiatric illness

mepacrine
501

6-mercaptopurine (6-mp)
142
,
159
,
167
,
171
,
173

messenger RNA (mRNA)
315
,
321

methotrexate
502

methotrexate (MTX)
159
,
166
,
171
,
173

Meyers, Morton
492

microscopes, operating
249
,
250–4

microsurgery
250–4

middle life, diseases of
203
,
306

milieu intérieur
, physiological functions
358
,
363
,
382
,
397

minimally invasive surgery
see
keyhole surgery

missing heritability
459–61
,
491

molecular biology
311–12

see also
genes

Moniz, Egas
80

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
508–9

Moynihan, Roy
467

Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT)
370–1
,
372