The Rape of Europa (88 page)

8.
Keck statement on incident, Ninth Army, April 7, 1945. Courtesy of C. H. Smyth.

9.
Morgenthau Diary
, vol. 2, pp. 1131–1132.

10.
This account based on AAA, Stout diary; and the report of Col. C. L. Morris, “G-5 Functions in ETOUSA OPS,” April 26, 1945, NA copy courtesy of K. Goldmann.

11.
Rorimer Papers, Rorimer diary, May 23 and 24, 1945.

12.
NA, RG 239/11, Posey Field Report, April 9, 1945.

13.
NA, RG 239/77, AMG Report 159, Hancock, May 12, 1945, and Stout diary.

14.
AAA, Howe Papers, Moore to Howe, May 13, 1946.

15.
Interview with Hancock.

16.
NGA, Library, Smyth Papers, SHAEF Document AG 000.4–2 GE-AGM, May 20, 1945.

17.
Rorimer,
Survival
, p. 164, and diary.

18.
Rorimer’s and Hathaway’s diaries for early May are the principal sources for Berchtesgaden events. See also Rorimer’s
Survival.

19.
Rorimer diary, May 10, 1945, and
Survival
, pp. 199–200.

20.
New York Herald Tribune
, May 20, 1945.

21.
Time
, May 28, 1945.

22.
NGA, Archives, Walker diary, 1945.

23.
NA, RG 260/33, CID Report TPMCID15, March 22, 1948.

24.
Kubin,
Sonderauftrag Linz
, pp. 141–43.

25.
Kirstein, op. cit., p. 186.

26.
Ibid., p. 189.

27.
NA, RG 260/186, Scholz Report, May 20, 1945.

28.
Stout Papers, GS to his wife, May 15, 1945.

29.
Stout diary, May 21, 1945.

30.
Ibid., June 5, 1945.

31.
Columbia University, Hathaway Papers, Hathaway diary, May 21–24, 1945.

32.
Botting and Sayer,
America’s Secret Army
(New York, 1989), p. 228.

33.
NA, RG 260/34, Horn Report, August 14, 1945.

34.
J. Skilton,
Défense de l’art européen
(Paris, 1948), chaps. 3 and 4, and p. 86.

35.
Hathaway diary, June 1, 1945.

36.
Based on various newspaper accounts, June 1946-April 1947, NGA, Parkhurst Papers,

37.
Kater,
Das Ahnenerbe
, pp. 44, 80, 90–94.

38.
Based on
New York Times
articles and investigations by William Honan, Summer 1990.

39.
NA, RG 165/172, CAD Records, April-October 1945.

40.
Rorimer diary, May 9, 1945.

41.
Account of establishment of Munich Collecting Point based on Smyth’s official diary, kindly provided to author, and on conversations with him; Stout and Rorimer diaries; and monthly reports of Collecting Point. See also C. H. Smyth,
Repatriation of Art from the Collecting Point in Munich after World War II
, March 13, 1986 (The Hague, 1988).

42.
Account of Kuchumov’s travels taken from Massie,
Pavlovsk
, chap. 17.

43.
See Goldmann, “Der Schatz des Priamos,” in
Sonderdruck aus Heinrich Schliemann
, ed. J. Hermann (Berlin, 1992), and Kühnel-Kunze,
Bergung, Evakuierung, Rückführung
(Berlin, 1984).

44.
Getty Center, Arntz Archive, Reutti, “Reports on Post-War Activities,” MS.

45.
N. Sokolova, “Die Rettung der Dresdener Kunstschatze,” in
Jahrbuch 1960, Staatliche Kunstsammlungen
(Dresden, 1961).

46.
Reutti, “Die Katastrophe von Karnzow,” in op. cit., pp. 85–108. Also
The New York Times
, November 24, 1990, and
Washington Post
, August 16 and 17, 1990.

47.
Reutti, “Carinhall” (unpaged), in op. cit.; and Valland,
Le Front de l’art
, p. 150.

XII. MIXED MOTIVES

1.
Morgenthau Diary
, vol. 2, pp. 1371–1373.

2.
John Nicholas Brown Center, Brown Papers, JNB to his wife, May 30, 1945.

3.
NGA, SG, Excerpts from Crosby Report on Mission to Europe, March 8-June 10, 1945.

4.
LC, Finley Papers, unidentified clipping, by-line Associated Press, Paris, June 9, 1945.

5.
Brown Papers, memo to Deputy Military Governor, HQ, U.S. Group Control Council, June
I
, 1945.

6.
NGA, SG, Finley memo, June 18, 1945.

7.
NA, RG 165/463, War Department Cable 18531, June 18, 1945.

8.
J. Plaut, interview with author.

9.
C. Friemuth,
Die Geraubte Kunst
, pp. 123–25.

10.
NGA, Archives, Walker diary, 1945 trip to Europe, July 19, 1945.

11.
NGA, Library, Smyth Papers, Smyth diary, July 24, 1945.

12.
“History of the Wiesbaden Collecting Point, 13 July 1945–5 March 1946.” This and various letters, courtesy of W. Farmer.

13.
Kuhnel-Kunze,
Bergung, Evakuierung, Rückführung
, pp. 107–109; Friemuth, op. cit., pp. 130–31, 139–40.

14.
S. L. Faison, note to author.

15.
NA, RG 260/394, CIR Dienststelle Mühlmann, op. cit., p. 57.

16.
NA, RG 239/84, DIR Voss, op. cit.

17.
NA, RG 260/32, Horn Report, November 27, 1945, and Howe to Horn, December 28, 1945.

18.
NA, RG 239/85, CIR Goering, op. cit., p. 176.

19.
NA, RG 239/77, CIR Linz, op. cit., p. 86.

20.
NA, RG 260/33, Parkhurst memo, July 6, 1945.

21.
S. L. Faison, interview with author.

22.
FRUS, 1945, vol. 2, p. 943, EAC (45) 59.

23.
Brown Papers, Edwards to JNB, May 11, 1945.

24.
Ibid., JNB to his wife, May 15, 1945.

25.
Walker diary, July 12, 1945.

26.
FRUS, 1945, vol.
I
,
Conference of Berlin
, Washington, D.C., 1960, Document 356, Pauley to Secretary of State, June 19, 1945, p. 511.

27.
Ibid., Document 360, Pauley to Eisenhower, June 27, 1945, p. 514.

28.
NA, RG 260/32, memo of conversation, Hammond, July 5, 1945.

29.
Conference of Berlin
, Document 376, memo to delegation, July 14, 1945, p. 538.

30.
Ibid., Document 378, U.S. delegation working paper, July 14, 1945, p. 550.

31.
LC, Stimson Papers, Kyle diary, July 17, 1945.

32.
Conference of Berlin
, Clay memo, “Art Objects in US Zone,” vol. 1, p. 924.

33.
Kyle diary.

34.
Brown Papers, JNB to his wife, August 7, 1945.

35.
Ibid., August 7, 1945.

36.
Columbia University, Hathaway Papers, Hammond to Hathaway, July 29, 1945.

37.
Ibid., July 31, 1945.

38.
Conference of Berlin
, Documents 924 and 964, Pauley and Clayton memo for Clay, July 30, 1945.

39.
Hathaway Papers, JNB to Hathaway, August 2, 1945.

40.
NA, RG 200, Clay Papers, Clay to WARCAD, August 7, 1945. Courtesy of John Taylor.

41.
Brown Papers, Report, August 10, 1945.

42.
Ibid., JNB to his wife, August 12, 1945.

43.
FRUS, 1945, vol. 2, p. 945, Byrnes to Pauley, August 14, 1945.

44.
NGA, Archives, Byrnes to Roberts.

45.
NGA, Archives, Walker diary, August 14, 1945.

46.
NGA, SG, FHT to Cairns, September 3, 1945.

47.
Ibid., memo of meeting, August 31, 1945.

48.
D. E. Finley,
A Standard of Excellence
(Washington, D.C., 1973), p. 162.

49.
FRUS, 1945, vol. 2, p. 948, Acheson to Murphy, September 11, 1945.

50.
Brown Papers, Hammond to JNB, September 1945.

51.
Ibid., Hammond to JNB, September 14, 1945.

52.
NGA, SG, Clay to McCloy, September 21, 1945.

53.
Brown Papers, JNB to LaFarge, September 27, 1945.

54.
NGA, SG, Walker statement at RC board meeting, September 25, 1945.

55.
Ibid., Supplement to minutes of meeting of September 25, 1945.

56.
Brown Papers, JNB to LaFarge, September 27, 1945.

57.
AAA, Howe Papers, Stout to Howe, January 6, 1946.

58.
NGA, Archives, “Hanns” to Walker, undated (received by NGA on October 15, 1945).

59.
Brown Papers, Standen to JNB, October 28, 1945.

60.
NA, RG 239/13, Cott to Sawyer, November 7, 1945.

61.
NA, RG 200/10, Clay Papers, NX 55599 cable from McCloy, October 10, 1945.

62.
NA, RG 239/9, Hathaway to Phillips, October 25, 1945.

63.
Brown Papers, Standen to JNB, November 7, 1945.

64.
Courtesy Walter Farmer, Seventh Army to OMG for Stadtkreis Wiesbaden, undated.

65.
NGA, Library, Standen Papers.

66.
Rorimer Papers, Rorimer to Edwards, November 8, 1945.

67.
Howe Papers, Hancock to Howe, August 8, 1945.

68.
NGA, Library, Parkhurst Papers, cable, November 9, 1945. “Letter from the Rhine-land,”
The New Yorker
, November 17, 1945, p. 57.

69.
L. Moore, telephone conversation with author.

70.
Smyth diary, November 12, 1945.

71.
Ibid., November 12, 1945.

72.
Brown Papers, JNB to Standen, November 16, 1945.

73.
FRUS, 1945, vol. 2, p. 955. Byrnes to Bevin, November 27, 1945.

74.
Account based on official reports of Moore and McBride. Also
Keith Merrill: A Memoir
(1968), p. 202. Courtesy of Mrs. R. Seamans.

75.
Washington Times Herald
, November 24, 1945.

76.
NGA, SG, Sawyer to Cairns, undated.

77.
NGA, Archives, Ritchie to Finley, December 10, 1945.

78.
Howe Papers, Kirstein to Howe, January 21, 1946.

79.
Ibid., LaFarge to Howe, March 2, 1946.

80.
NGA, Archives, Finley to Rich, January 30, 1946.

81.
NGA, SG, Finley to Morse, February 12, 1946.

82.
Washington Post
, May 18, 1946.

83.
NA, RG 165/172, WDGSS, memo of telephone conversation, Hilldring to Echols, May 3, 1946.

84.
Walker diary, July 21, 1945.

85.
LC, Finley Papers, Walker to Finley, July 11, 1946.

86.
The Papers of General Lucius Clay: Germany, 1945–1949
, ed. J. E. Smith (Bloomington, 1974), p. 268. Document 160, October 4, 1946.

87.
Ibid., p. 552, February 6, 1948.

88.
Ibid., p. 555, February 6, 1948.

89.
U.S. Congress, Senate Committee on Armed Services,
Hearings on S2439: A Bill to Provide for the Temporary Retention in the US of Certain German Paintings
, March 4 and April 16, 1948, Washington, D.C.: USGPO.

90.
Ibid., p 11.

91.
Papers of General Lucius Clay
, pp. 634–37, April 23, 1948.

XIII. THE ART OF THE POSSIBLE

1.
NA, RG 239/14, clipping from
La Libre Belgique
, May 28, 1945.

2.
Ibid., Estreicher to Crosby, June 1, 1945.

3.
John Nicholas Brown Center, Brown Papers, “Ad-Interim Restitution,” memo, May 28, 1945.