The Fall of Carthage (76 page)

Livy
26.
11.6.

For
the
desire
of
the
poorer
classes
for
change
and
the
general
loyalty
of
the
aristocracies to
Rome
see
Livy
23.
14.
7-12,
24.
13.
8,
and
esp.
24.
2.
8-11;
examples
of
aristocratic leaders
forcing
a
defection,
23.
30.
8,
24.
47.
6,
and
attempting
to
do
so,
24.
13; aristocratic
leaders
claiming
popular
support,
24.
13.
2-3.

Defections,
noting
the
exceptions
in
each
area,
Livy
22.
61.
11-13.
Roman
garrisons
in Etruria,
livy
23.
5.
4,
replaced
26.
28.
4-6;
trouble
anticipated
at
Arretium,
27.
21. 6-7,
22.
5.

The
Bruttians'
disappointment
following
their
attack
on
Rhegium,
Livy
24.
2.
1-11; appeals
for
protection
from
Roman
raids,
Livy
23.
42.
3
by
Samnites,
and
24.
12.
1-2, 25.
15.
1-3,22.
15-16
by
Campanians.

The
deputation
to
Varro,
Livy
23.
4.
1-6.
8;
rebellion
and
the
treaty
with
Hannibal,
23. 7.
1-3;
Hannibal's
occupation
and
the
arrest
of
Decius
Magius,
23.
7.
4-10.
13. Zonaras
9.
2.
blames
Hannibal
for
the
bath
house
massacre.

Attempts
at
Naples,
Livy
23.
1.
5-10,
14.
5,15.
1-6;
Nola,
23.
15.
7-17.
1.

Livy
23.
17.
7-18.
9,19.
1-20.
3.

Battle
of
River
Calor,
Livy
24.
15.
1-16.
5;
Beneventum
212,
25.
13.
3-14.
14; Bomilcar,
Livy
23.
41.
10-12.

On
legionary
numbers
in
general
see
P.
Brunt,
Italian Manpower
(Oxford,
1971), pp.
416-22.
On
the
legions
in
215-214
see
J.
Lazenby,
Hannibal's War
(Warminster, 1978),
p.
95.

Livy
25.
20.
4.

Elections
for
215,
Livy
23.
24.
1-3,
31.
7-9,12-14;
for
214,
24.
7.
10-9.
3.

Capture
of
Casilinum,
Livy
24.
19.
1-11;
Arpi,
24.
45.
1-47.
11;
desertions
23,46. 6-7,
24.
47.
8,11;
co-operation
between
the
consuls,
23.
39.
5-8,
24.
19.
3-9.

Lucius
Bantius,
Livy
23.
15.
7-16.
1,
Plutarch
Marcellus
10,
cf.
Plutarch
Fabius Maximus
20.

Livy
23.
11.7-13.
8.

Livy
24.
13.
1-5,
20.
9-15.

Polybius
8.
24.
125.
11,
Livy
25.
7.
10-1(8)8.
10.

Polybius
8.
24.
4-34.
13,
Livy
25.
8.
1-11.
20.
Livy
was
uncertain
whether
to
date
this episode
to
213
or
212,
but
the
latter
seems
most
likely,
see
Lazenby
(1978),
p.
110.

For
a
discussion
of
damage
to
crops,
see
V.
Hanson,
Warfare and Agriculture in Classical Greece
(Berkeley,
1998),
pp.
16,
30,
34-5,
50-52,
58-60,
106,
212-13,
219.

Earlier
fighting
around
Tarentum,
livy
23.
46.
9-11,
25.
15.
1-3,19.
1-20.
5,
26.
4. 1-10;
single
combats,
23.
46.
12-17.
8,
25.
18.
4-15.

Livy
26.
1.
2,
defection
of
Campanians,
24.
47.
12-13.

Livy
26.
4.
3-10,
see
M.
Samuels,
'The
Reality
of
Cannae',
Militargeschichtliche Mitteilungen
47
(1990),
pp.
7-29,
esp.
11-15,
who
argues
unconvincingly
for
a
major reform.

Polybius
9.
3.
1-7.
10,
Livy
26.
5.
1-6.
13.

Livy
26.
6.
14-17,12.
1-16.
13.

Livy
27.
15.
4-16.
9,
Plutarch
FabiusMaximus
21,
including
the
tradition
involving Fabius'
former
mistress.

Livy
27.
16.
10-16.

Betrayal
of
Salapia,
Livy
26.
38.
11-14;
1st
Hcrdonea,
Livy
25.
21.
1-10;
2nd Herdonea,
27.
1.
3-15;
other
battles
employing
whole
legions
in
reserve,
27.
2.
1-12, 12.
7-17,13.
11-14.
15.
A
clear
example
of
an
army
forming
in
more
than
one
set
of
triplex acies
straight
from
the
line
of
march
came
in
193,
Livy
35.
4-5.
At
Emporion
in 195
Cato
kept
an
entire
legion
in
reserve,
but
may
have
significantly
outnumbered
the enemy,
Livy
34.
15.
3.

Trial
of
Fulvius,
N.
Rosenstein,
Imperatores Victi
(Berkeley,
1990),
pp.
106-8,120,146, 188-9
and
Livy
26.
2.
7-3.
12;
death
of
Marcellus
and
Crispinus,
Livy
27.
26.
7-27. 14,
cf.
Plutarch,
Marcellus
29-30;
attempt
on
Salapia,
Livy
27.
28.
1-13.

Surrender
of
Lucanians
and
others,
Livy
27.
15.
2-3;
for
African
deserters
fighting
for the
Romans
in
Spain
see
28.
20.
1.

Scandal
involving
army
contractors,
Livy
25.
3.
8-4.
11;
censors
reduce
equestrians,
27. 11.
15-16;
Latin
colonies,
27.
9.
7-10.
10.