The Fall of Carthage (79 page)

Livy
29.
24.
10-27.
5.

Livy
29.
27.
6-29.
3.

Livy
29.
29.
4-33.
10;
Syphax's
marriage
to
Sophonisba,
29.
23.
2-10.
For
a
more detailed
summary
see
Lazenby
(1978),
pp.
198-9,
202.

Livy
29.
34.1-17;
Iivy's
belief
that
there
were
two
distinct
actions
involving
commanders named
Hanno,
29.
35.
1-2,
cf.
Lazenby
(1978),
pp.
205-6;
Roman
plundering
29.
35. 3-5;
the
parentage
of
the
second
Hanno
see
Livy
29.
34.
1,
Dio
17.
65.

The
siege
and
arrival
of
Syphax,
Polybius
14.
1.
1-15,
Livy
29.
35.
6-15;
castra Cornelia,
see
Caesar,
Bellum Civile 2.
24;
the
Numidian
camp,
Livy
30.
3.
1-10; centurions
disguised
as
slaves,
30.
4.
1-3.

Polybius
14.
2.
1-6.
5,
Livy
30.
4.
4-6.
9.

See
Lazenby
(1978),
pp.
207-8,
F.
Walbank
A Historical Commentary on Polybius 2
(Oxford,
1970),
pp.
427-9.

Supplies
of
clothing,
Livy
29.
36.
1-3.

Polybius
14.
6.
6-7.
9,
Livy
30.
7.
1-13;
for
the
possible
locations
of
the
battlefield
see Lazenby
(1978),
pp.
208-9,
Walbank
2,
p.
447,
H.
Scullard,
Scipio Africanus: Soldier and Politician
(London,
1970),
pp.
127-31.

Polybius
14.
8.
1-14,
Livy
30.
8.
1-9.
1;
the
reasons
for
the
Celtiberians'
stubbornness, 30.
8.
8;
war
weariness
of
Libyan
towns,
Polybius
14.
9.
4-5.

Polybius
14.
9.
1-5,
Livy
30.
9.
2;
for
a
discussion
of
generals'
consilia
in
a
later
period see
Goldsworthy
(1996),
pp.
131-3.

Polybius
14.
9.
6-10.
1,
Livy
30.
9.
3-9.

Polybius
14.
10.
2-12,
Livy
30.
9.
10-1.
21;
for
a
discussion
see
Lazenby
(1978), pp.
209-11.

Livy
30.
11.
1-15.
14.

Livy
30.
16.
3-14.

Livy
30.
17.
1-14,
21.
11-23.
8;
Polybius
15.
1.
2-4
states
that
the
treaty
was
ratified by
Rome.

Livy
30.
24.
5-12,
Polybius
15.
1.
1.

Polybius
15.
1.
3-2.
15,
Livy
30.
25.
1-10.

Brutality
of
the
campaign,
Polybius
15.
3.
14;
the
extension
of
Scipio's
command,
Iivy 30.
1.
10-11;
Caepio,
30.
24.
1-i;
the
consuls
of
202,
30.
27.
1-5.

Polybius
15.
3.
4-5.
4,
5.
1-8.
14,
Livy
30.
29.
1-10,
cf.
Frontinus,
Strategemata
1.
1. 3,
6.
2.
1,
2.

Location
of
the
battlefield
see
discussions
in
Lazenby
(1978),
p.
218,
Walbank
2
(1970), pp.
445-51,
Scullard
(1970),
pp.
142-55,
271-4,
and
J.
Kromayer
&
G.
Veith,
Antike Schlahtfelder in Italien und Afrika
(Berlin,
1912),
III.
2
pp.
598-712.

Polybius
15.
9.
1-11.
12,
Livy
30.
32.
1-33.
11,
Appian,
Punic Wars
40-41;
the Macedonian
'legion',
Livy
30.
26.
3,
33.
5.

Different
officers
speak
to
each
of
the
Punic
lines,
Polybius
15.
11.
4-6,
Livy
30.
33.
8-12.

Suggestion
that
Hannibal
ordered
his
cavalry
to
flee
and
draw
the
Romans
into
pursuit, Lazenby
(1978),
p.
223.

Problematic
passage
in
Polybius,
15.
13.
1;
quotation
of
Homer,
Iliad
4.
437,
Polybius 15.
12.
9;
description
of
Romans
banging
weapons
against
shields,
15.
12.
8.

Repeated
charges,
Livy
30.
34.
2;
on
the
offensive
use
of
shield
see
Livy
30.
34.
3,
cf. Plutarch,
Caesar
16,
Tacitus,
Annals
14.
36-7,
Agricola
36;
for
the
size
and
weight
of Republican
shields
see
M.
Bishop
&
J.
Coulston,
Roman Military Equipment
(London, 1993),
pp.
58-9,
P.
Connolly,
Greece and Rome at
War
(London,
1981),
p.
131. Lazenby
(1978),
p.
224,
and
Walbank
2
(1970),
p.
469
claim
that
the
principes were
not committed,
but
Polybius'
text
is
ambiguous
and
their
arguments
rely
on
supposition.

The
veterans'
refusal
to
let
fugitives
into
their
ranks,
Polybius
15.
13.
9-10.

Accounts
of
the
battle,
Polybius
15.
12.
1-16.
6,
Livy
30.
33.
12-35.
11.
Little
or
no useful
detail
is
included
in
the
heroic
narrative
of
Appian,
Punic Wars
40-47,
or
the
brief account
in
Zonaras
9.
14.
Appian
gives
Roman
casualties
as
2,500
plus
more
of Masinissa's
men,
Punic Wars
48.

Livy
30.
36.
1-11;
the
consul
in
201,
30.
40.
7-41.
1;
Scipio's
consilium
considers
the destruction
of
Carthage,
livy
30.
36.
10-11.