The Downing Street Years (158 page)

Mortimer, Jim, 298

Moss Side riots (1981), 144

Mount, Ferdinand, 278, 283, 288, 292

Mountbatten, Lord, 56, 57

Mozambique, 527

M3, £M3,
see
MONETARY POLICY

Mubarak, Hosni
(President of Egypt 1981-)
, 509, 817

Mugabe, Robert
(Prime Minister of Zimbabwe
1980-):
Patriotic Front, 72–3; Rhodesia/Zimbabwe elections, 77–8; Melbourne CHOGM, 166; US Grenada invasion, 332; South Africa sanctions, 516, 521; MT’s visit (1989), 526–7

Muldoon, Robert
(Prime Minister of New
Zealand 1975–84)
, 166, 191, 290

Mulroney, Brian
(Prime Minister of Canada
1984–93):
MT’s Canadian visit (1983), 320, 321; South Africa debate, 516–17, 521, 522, 523, 531; G7, 738, 764

Murphy, Sir Leslie, 116

Murphy, Richard, 508

Murray, Len, 107, 111

Muscat, 163–4

Museums and Galleries Improvement Fund, 633

Muzorewa, Bishop Abel, 72–3, 75, 77–8

Nagy, Imre, 454

Nakasone, Yasuhiro
(Japanese Prime Minister
1982–87)
, 299–300, 497–9

Nally, Dermot, 395

Namibia, 78, 158, 166, 514; MT’s visit (1989), 528–9

National Armaments Directors (NADs), 427–8, 430

National Association of Colliery Overmen, Deputies and Shotfirers (NACODS), 363, 365–8, 375–6

National Bus Company, 284, 678

National Coal Board (NCB): coal dispute (1981), 139–42; pit closure plans, 139–41, 342–3, 344, 357, 377, 686; attitudes to industry, 340, 342; MacGregor Chairmanship, 340, 353; NUM strike (1984–5), 344, 347, 349, 351–2, 354, 357, 360, 363–5, 369, 373–6; NACODS dispute, 363, 365–8, 375–6; electricity privatization effects, 685

National Curriculum Council, 594

National Dock Labour Board, 355, 361

National Dock Labour Scheme (NDLS), 355–7, 669

National Economic Development Council (NEDC), 94

National Enterprise Board (NEB), 39, 115–16

National Freight Corporation, 678

National Front, 296

National Graphical Association (NGA), 98, 348

National Grid, 682–3

National Health Service (NHS): management, 47; spending, 49, 128; strike (1982), 275; finances, 277; question of reform, 571, 589; Fowler’s presentation, 581; reform, 606–17; press horror stories, 608; review, 608–9; funding proposals, 610; structure reform proposals, 610–11

National Insurance Contribution, 128

National Insurance Surcharge (NIS), 95, 133, 134, 271, 673

Nationality Bill,
see
British Nationality Bill nationalization, 6, 676

nationalized industries, 127; policy group, 282

National Reporting Centre (NRC), 347

National Rivers Authority, 682

National Union of Boilermakers (NUB), 110

National Union of Conservative and Unionist Associations, 382

National Union of Journalists (NUJ), 102–3

National Union of Mineworkers (NUM): dispute (1981), 140–3, 341; Scargill leadership, 339–44; overtime ban (1983), 342; strike (1984–5), 344–78; sequestration of assets, 360, 368, 374

National Union of Teachers, 595

National Working Miners’ Committee, 365

Nationwide
, 296

NATO: forces, 9; resistance to Soviet threat, 12; defence spending, 125; deployment of cruise and Pershing missiles,
see
cruise; MT’s policies, 237; military balance, 237–8; intermediate-range nuclear forces (INF), 239–43, 269–70, 322, 324, 771; Bonn summit (1982), 258–9; arms control policy, 269; strategy discussions, 472–3; Bruges speech, 745; Short-Range Nuclear Forces (SNF), 771, 775, 782, 784–9, 811; Brussels summit (1988), 774–5, 795; alternatives, 799; Eastern European
NATO–
cont.
membership question, 809; Anglo-American differences, 810–12

Nawala
Case, 103

Neale, Gerry, 840, 841

Neave, Airey
(Shadow Northern Ireland Secretary 1975–79)
, 22, 56, 385–6, 414

Nelson, Lord, 24, 731

Nemeth, Miklos, 809

Netherlands: cruise missiles, 241, 242–4; MT’s visit (1983), 318–19; South African debate, 519; farming subsidies, 544; European objectives, 556

Neubert, Michael, 840, 841

Newcastle, MT’s visit (1987), 583

New Ireland Forum, 396, 400

Newton, Tony, 603, 609, 630, 756, 855

New York Times
, 197, 462

Next Steps programme, 49

NH90 helicopter, 429

Niehans, Professor Jurg, 133–4

Nigeria: oil nationalization, 74; MT’s visit (1988), 525–6; MT’s visit (1989), 526

Nimrod Airborne Early Warning System, 424

1922 Committee, 33–4, 54, 130, 370, 435, 563, 848

Nissan, 300, 496–7

Nitze, Paul, 270

Nkomo, Joshua, 72–3, 77

NORAID, 166, 415

Northern Ireland: terrorism, 56–9, 383–4; NORAID, 166, 415; political situation, 385–7; devolution attempts, 387–8; all-party conference (1980), 387; hunger strikes, 388–93; Assembly elections (1982), 394; Anglo- Irish talks, 393–402; Anglo-Irish Agreement, 402–6, 409–10, 413, 415; Enniskillen bomb (1987), 406; extradition problems, 407; Milltown funeral, 407–8; Ballygawley bomb (1988), 411; broadcasting ban (1988), 412; Deal bomb (1989), 414; Gow murder (1990), 414–15

North Sea oil, 44, 63, 67n, 128, 678, 692

Nott, John
(Trade Secretary 1979–81, Defence Secretary 1981–83):
Trade, 26–7, 39; trade union reform, 104; BL, 117; Defence, 131; public spending cuts, 149; Falklands crisis, 179, 185; resignation offer, 186; War Cabinet, 188, 214; MEZ announcement, 190; Haig discussions, 192, 196; Falklands, 193, 201, 202, 205, 207, 208, 225, 227, 234; Defence Review, 249–51; ‘dual key’ question, 268; leaves Parliament, 424; attitude to ERM, 691–2

No Turning Back Group, 841

Novak, Michael, 627

nuclear energy, 140, 341, 640, 683–5

nuclear weapons: SALT II, 65, 245; cruise and Pershing missiles,
see
cruise; Soviet TNF proposals, 159; MT’s UN speech, 236–7; Soviet defences, 238; intermediate-range (INF), 239–44, 269–70, 321, 322, 324, 470–1, 771–2; ‘dual track’ approach, 240; ground-launched cruise missiles (GLCM), 240, 241, 242–3; unilateralism, 243, 265, 267–8, 290; Trident, 244–8, 267, 471; SDI, 247, 450, 462, 463–8, 470–1, 776, 782, 818; ‘dual key’ question, 268, 332; ‘nuclear winter’, 462; anti-satellite (ASAT) capability, 462; Anti-Ballistic Missiles (ABM), 464–5; Ballistic Missile Defence (BMD), 464–5, 467; MAD, 465; Reykjavik summit, 465, 470–2, 473, 482; ‘Air Breathing Systems’, 472; Labour Party policy, 568; Aldermaston, 716; INF treaty (1987), 771, 773, 774, 784; SS20 missiles, 771; Short-Range Nuclear Forces (SNF), 771–2, 775, 782, 784–9, 811; Follow-On to Lance (FOTL) missiles, 772, 785, 787–8, 810; Tactical Air to Surface Missile (TASM), 772, 810; MT’s attitude, 773; START Agreement, 773, 774–5; Sea-Launched Cruise Missiles (SLCMs), 776

Nujoma, Sam, 529

Nyerere, Julius
(President of Tanzania 1964–85)
, 76, 77, 169–70

Obasanjo, General Olusegun, 519

O’Brien, Sir Richard, 31

Observer
, 277

OD(SA) (Cabinet Committee), 188–9

Office of Telecommunications (OFTEL), 681

Official Unionist Party (OUP) now Ulster Unionist Party (UUP), 387, 394

O’Fiaich, Cardinal, 392

Ogilvy, Angus, 331

Ohira, Masayoshi
(Japanese Prime Minister
1978–80)
, 68, 70, 71

oil: prices, 42, 54, 67, 123, 424; North Sea, 44, 63, 67n, 128, 678, 692; EC imports, 64; Nigerian nationalization, 74; Gulf crisis, 819–20, 823

Olympic Games, Moscow, 88

‘One Nation’, 8

Onslow, Sir Cranley
(Chairman, 1922 Committee 1984–92)
, 448, 836, 840, 846, 847–9

Operation Hunger, 530

opinion polls: SDP-Liberal support (1981), 153; Falklands factor, 265; election
campaign (1983), 291, 292, 297, 302, 303; Labour lead (1985), 416; Labour lead (1986), 560; ‘caring issues’, 562; Conservative rise, 567; fake, 574; election campaign (1987), 584, 585–6, 587; attitude to Soviet Union, 785; (1990), 832, 836

Organization of African Unity (OAU), 73

Organization of American States (OAS), 210, 229

Organization of Eastern Caribbean States (OECS), 328, 330, 332

Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), 67

Orgreave Coke Works picketing, 352–3, 375

Orlov, Yuri, 476

Orme, Stan, 362

Ostia
cargo, 361–2

O’Sullivan, John, 572, 579

Outer Space Treaty (1967), 467

overfunding, 695, 696

Owen, David
(Leader SDP 1983–90)
, 332, 573–4, 578

Ozal, Turgut
(Turkish Prime Minister 1983–89, President 1989–93)
, 819, 823, 843

Paisley, Ian
(Leader Democratic Unionist Party
1
972-)
, 387, 394, 403, 404

Paisley Grammar School, 620

Pakistan, MT’s visit (1981), 167–8

Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO), 90, 508–9, 511

Palmerston, Lord, 461, 643

Panorama
, 83, 111, 209, 291, 351

Papandreou, Andreas
(Greek Prime Minister 1981–89)
, 336–7, 545, 746–7

parents, single, 628–9

Parents’ Charter (1980), 591

Paris, Charter of, 800

Parkinson, Ann, 311

Parkinson, Cecil
(Conservative Party Chairman 1981–83, Trade and Industry Secretary 1983, Energy Secretary 1987–89, Transport Secretary 1989–90):
junior minister, 29; Cabinet reshuffle (1981), 151; Party Chairman, 152, 287; War Cabinet, 188, 214; election manifesto (1983), 281, 283; election campaign (1983), 285, 288–9, 296, 302; Sara Keays affair, 310–11; DTI, 310, 311; resignation, 311; abilities, 418; question of return, 419; Energy, 589; electricity privatization, 683–5; coal industry, 686; BR privatization plans, 686; suitability as successor to MT, 755; Transport, 765; leadership election (1990), 851

Parliamentary pay, 315

Parsons, Sir Anthony
(UK Permanent Representative to UN 1979–82 and Special Adviser to the Prime Minister 1982–83):
Afghanistan invasion, 88; Falklands diplomacy, 182, 193, 202–3, 211, 218, 219–22;
Belgrano
sinking, 216; Security Council Resolution 505, 225; Security Council veto, 231–2

Patten, Chris
(Environment Secretary 1989–90):
Environment, 602, 756, 758; homelessness problem, 603; housing policy, 604, 605–6; community charge, 656–8, 664, 666; European elections (1989), 749; suitability as successor to MT, 755; leadership election (1990), 853

pay: bargaining, 32–3, 97; settlements (1979), 111; TSRB, 417;
see also
incomes policy

Peacock Committee, 636

Pearce, Sir Austin, 434

Peel, Sir Robert, 281

pensions, retirement, 49, 127, 315, 675

Peres, Shimon
(Israeli Prime Minister 1977, 1984–86)
, 510–12

perestroika
, 475

Perez de Cuellar, Javier
(UN
Secretary-General 1982–91)
, 210, 218, 220, 223–4, 229, 231

Perle, Richard, 449

Pershing missiles,
see under
cruise

Personal Equity Plans (PEPs), 673

Peter the Great, Tsar, 477

picketing, 99–100, 107–8, 345–6, 348, 351–3

Pienaar, Louis Alexander, 528

Plaza Agreement (1985), 694, 783

Pöhl, Karl Otto
(President of the Bundesbank
1980–91)
, 708, 740–1

Poland: crisis (1981) 251–6; MT’s visit (1988), 777–82; elections (1989), 789; border with Germany, 797, 799

Polaris, 244, 517

police: pay, 32; dealing with picketing, 100, 345–6; riots, 144–5, 147; equipment, 145; miners’ strike (1984–5), 345–6, 347–9, 352–3; increased numbers, 626; Trafalgar Square riot (1990), 661

Police Act (1964), 347

Police and Criminal Evidence Bill, 290

Policy Unit,
see under
Downing Street

polls,
see
opinion polls

poll tax,
see
community charge

pollution: issue, 563; atmospheric, 639

Pol Pot, 506

Ponsonby, Amanda, 715

Popieluszko, Father Jerzy, 780

Popov, Gavriil, 804–5

Portillo, Michael, 855, 856

Port Talbot Steel Works, 351

Portugal, EC membership, 545–6

Post Office, 680

poverty, 627, 646

Poverty Trap Policy Group, 282

Powell, Sir Charles
(Private Secretary to the Prime Minister 1984–91)
: Gorbachev visit, 461; nuclear strategy discussions, 473; Kohl conversations, 557, 748; Deidesheim visit, 747–8; Gulf crisis, 816–17, 820; leadership election, 843–4; MT’s resignation, 856

Powell, General Colin, 827

Powell, Enoch, 184, 386, 437

Prem Chand, General, 528, 529

prescription charges, 50

Press Association, 103

Prevention of Terrorism Act, 415

Price, Charles
(US Ambassador to UK
1983–89)
, 380

Price Commission, 33, 39

Primakov, Yevgeny, 826–7

Prime Minister’s Question Time, 41, 560, 704, 716, 833, 858

Prior, James
(Employment Secretary 1979–81, Northern Ireland Secretary 1981–84):
Employment, 28, 40; trade union relations, 28, 40; public spending cuts, 54; pay talks suggestion, 94; trade union reform plans, 98–100, 104–5,
107–8
, 150, 273; steel strike, 111; criticisms, 111, 130; coal dispute, 142; Northern Ireland Secretary, 151, 394, 396; Anglo-Irish proposals, 394; resignation, 399; GEC chairman, 431

prisons, increase in places, 626

Private Eye
, 22

Private Office,
see under
Downing Street

privatization, 676–80; Conservative policy, 7, 672; receipts, 49; programme, 305–6, 563, 672; utilities, 680–5; future plans, 685–7

Privy Council, 29n

productivity, 92–3, 272, 668

Property Services Agency, 55

Prout, Sir Christopher, 749

Public Expenditure White Paper (1980–1), 52

public sector: uncontrolled, 6, 32; workforce size, 45–6; insatiable, 124