The Crimean War (87 page)

Cabrol, Jean (French army doctor)
Calthorpe, Somerset, ADC to Raglan fraternization incident witnesses Turkish rout
Cambridge, Prince George, Duke of, Lt-Gen at Alma at Inkerman recuperating from Inkerman resignation
Cameron, Capt William (Grenadier Gds), letters home
Campbell, Lady Charlotte, on a young Tsar Nicholas
Campbell, Lt-Gen Sir Colin (93rd Highland Bde)
Campbell, George John, Duke of Argyll
Campineanu, Ion
Canada, territorial claims by the United States
Canning, George
Canning, Stratford, 1st Viscount Stratford de Redcliffe agrees support for the Sultan appointment to St Petersburg refused by Tsar British fleet in the Dardanelles calls for break up of Russian Empire calls for decisive military action Circassian independence and comment on Poland at Paris (1856) on Constantinople riots (1853) conversation with Napoleon III Czartoryski and Hatt-i Hümayun decree invites hostility of Turks little influence on Turkish modifications to Vienna Note returns to Constantinople (1853) with the Sultan at a costume ball supports Palmerston (1853) sympathetic to expanding the war urges liberal reform in Moldavia and Wallachia urges Turks to protect Christians urges Turks to resist Russian demands urges Turks to toughen their stance Urquhart and and the Vienna Note warns of revolt against Westernizing policies
Canrobert, General François (1st Division,
later
commander-in-chief) follows Napoleon III’s instructions at Inkerman leadership questioned plans of assault in Sevastopol shelved until the sping protests to Menshikov about Inkerman atrocities disagreement with Raglan over the field plan (1855) the Kerch raid and resignation
Caradoc
, HMS
Cardigan, Maj-Gen Thomas Brudenell, 7th earl (Light Bde commander)
Cardwell, Edward, Lord, army reforms
Carmichael, George (Derbys Regt)
Castellane, Pierre de, Comte (ADC to Bosquet)
Castlereagh, Robert Stewart, Viscount
casualties: at Alma British overall Chernaia river battle (allied) Chernaia river battle (Russian) injuries from artillery and rifle fire at Inkerman at Kars Malakhov and the Redan the Mamelon overall cost in lives Russians overall Sevastopol (Russians) treachery by and mistreatment of Turkish overall
Cathcart, General Sir George (4th Division)
Catherine the Great, Empress of Russia
Catholic Church: anti-Eastern Orthodox polemic in France Church of the Nativity Grotto France’s historic interest in Palestine pretext for war rivalry with Orthodox Churches in the Holy Land Russian Orthodox persecution Ruthenian (Uniate) Catholics solidarity with Poland
Catholic nuns: in French military hospitals the ‘Nuns of Minsk’
Caucasus Christianization of conquest of by Russia debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) Mehmet Ali of Egypt inspires rebels Muslims ejected Palmerston’s plans for proposed attack by Indian Army support for Muslim tribes by Britain test for Russian army reforms Turkish army attacks (1853) Turkish forts captured (1829)
see also
Chechnya; Circassia; Georgia
Cavour, Camillo (Prime Minister of Piedmont): agreement with the Odessa Shipping Company Italian unification and Paris Peace Congress (1856) and support for a wider war with Russia war with Austria
Central Asia, Russian conquests
Cetty, Antoine (quartermaster of French Army)
Champoiseau, Charles, French agent in the Caucasus
Charlemagne
(French steam warship)
Charles X, King of France
Chartists, solidarity with Poland
Chavchavadze, Prince, wife and her sister carried off by Shamil’s forces
Chechnya
see also
Caucasus
Chekhova, Ergenia (mother of Anton Chekhov)
Chenery, Thomas (
Times
correspondent)
Chernaia river, battle (August 1855)
Cherniaev, Gen Mikhail G.: conquest of Turkestan pan-Slavism with Serbian army
Chernyshevsky, Nikolai (editor:
Voennyi sbornik
)
What Is to Be Done
Chesney, General Francis
Chikhachev, Pyotr, report on the Turkish army
Chimkent
China: Anglo-French expedition (1857) Sino-Russian Treaty of Beijing (1860)
see also
Opium Wars
Chios, massacre of Greeks
Chodasiewicz, Lt (
later
Capt) Robert Adolph (Tarutinsky Regt), at Inkerman
cholera: after Alma victory after Evpatoria landings cholera nursing cholera victims in the ship
Kangaroo
in Danube delta inside Sevastopol at Varna winter (1854 – 55)
see also
medical treatment
Chopin, Frederic
Christian Science Monitor
(newspaper)
Christie, Captain Peter RN (principal agent for transports)
Church of the Holy Sepulchre (Jerusalem): conflict over roof repair Easter 1854 Orthodox and Catholic rivalry Paris Peace Congress (1856) and pilgrims presents from Catholic governments
Church of the Nativity (Bethlehem): Catholics given right to hold a key 104; Paris Peace Congress (1856) and squabbles between Catholic and Orthodox

Churchill, Winston S. (
later
Sir Winston), war correspondent
Circassia British gun-running debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) French mission to Sukhumi Palmerston’s plans for rebels ask for British military help Russians eject Muslims Urquhart and
see also
Caucasus
Clarendon, Lord George council of war with allied leaders (1855) in favour of war with Russia and the Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum instructions from the Queen Napoleon III and Palmerston and Paris Peace Congress (1856)
Cler, Col Jean (2nd Zouave Regt): examples of combat stress at Inkerman
Clifford, Henry (Staff off. Light Div) drinking culture in allied camps letter home opinion of William Russell second attack on the Redan
Cobden, Richard
Cocks, Col Charles (Coldstream Gds), letters home
Codrington, Admiral Edward
Codrington, Maj-Gen Sir William John (Light Division,
later
C-in-C) suspends action at the Redan departure and hand over to Russians Tatars ask for help in leaving Crimea
Cold War (1945 – 91)
Colquhoun, Robert (British consul in Bucharest)
combat stress
Community of the Holy Cross (Orthodox nursing order)
Concert of Europe Russia humiliated Tsar Nicholas and
Congress of Berlin (1878)
Congress of Paris (1856) Article V and Crimean Tatars European commission to settle Russian-Ottoman border
Congress Poland: Czartoryski and persecution of Catholics under protection of Tsar Alexander I
see also
Poland
Congress System, in Europe
see
Concert of Europe
Connolly, Lt Arthur, the Russian threat to India
Constantine Pavlovich, Grand Duke (briefly Tsar Constantine I) visit to France (1857)
Constantinople: almost reached by Russian army (1878) atrocities against Greeks (1821) attempts at Westernization of dress and domestic culture capital of an Orthodox empire? costume balls attended by the Sultan fall of to Turks (1453) pro-war demonstrations religious riots over Vienna peace terms Russian dream of ‘Tsargrad’ Russians build an Orthodox church to be a free city
Constantinople University, built by Fossati brothers
Contemporary
(Russian journal)
Convention of Kütahya (1833)
Convention of London: (1832) (1840 & 1841)
see also
London, Treaty of (1827)
Corn Laws, Repeal of (1846)
Coronini[-Cronberg], General Johann (Austrian army)
Le Correspondant
(newspaper)
Cossack Mountain
see
Mount Inkerman
Cowley, Henry R. C. Wellesley, Lord Cowley (British ambassador in Paris)
Crete, to go to France
Crimea: allied invasion planned (1854) a badly planned campaign becomes part of Ukraine (1954) Christianization of civilian panic after Alma conflicting views about invasion conquest and annexation by Russia forced emigration of Tatars Palmerston’s plans for post-war Russian policies religious significance resettlement with Christians urban planning war graves
see also
Sevastopol; Tatars
Crimean khanate: Ottomans lose control of Tatar tribes
Croatia, ties with Serbia
Crusades
Cuba, American plans to invade
Cullet, [Marie] Octave (officer of Zouaves)
Cundall, Joseph, photographs of wounded soldiers
Curzon, Nathaniel, 3rd Baron
Custine, Marquis de,
La Russie en
1839 anti-Russian travelogue
Cyprus, to go to Britain
Cyprus Convention (1878)
Czartoryski, Prince Adam: earlier career plan for a new map of Europe Polish uprisings in Britain the French and and the ‘Sultan’s Cossacks’

Daghestanis
Damas, André (French army chaplain): demoralized soldiers at Inkerman Malakhov battle
Dannenberg, General P. A., at Inkerman
Danube delta cholera outbreak Palmerston’s plans for Polish refugees Serpent Island
Danube, river: Austrian interest British trade Russian army withdraws to (1878) Turkish defensive line (1853)
Danubian front, Silistria offensive and siege (1854)
Danubian principalities cereal exports to Britain constitution introduced by Russia (1829 – 34) debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) Greek uprisings hospodars ordered to reject Turkish rule Napoleon III’s plan occupation of by Russia (1853) Palmerston’s plans for Russian partition plans (1852)
see also
European Turkey; Moldavia; Romania; Wallachia
de Lacy Evans, Colonel (
later
General) George at Alma at Inkerman resignation
de Morny
see
Morny
De Ros, General William Lennox, Lord De Ros, diary of Crimean travels
Decembrists
Delacroix, Eugène,
The Massacre of Chios
Delane, John (
Times
editor) resists attempted censorship
Denmark, war with Prussia (1864)
Derzhavin, Gavril
Dessaint, Lt-Col (French army)
Dickens, Charles:
Household Words
‘The True Story of the Nuns of Minsk’
Disraeli, Benjamin: Congress of Berlin secret alliance with Ottomans
Dniepropetrovsk
see
Ekaterinoslav
Dobrudja, French expeditionary force
Dolgorukov, Prince Vasily Andreievich (Minister of War)
Don Pacifico affair (1850)
Doré, Gustav,
Histoire pittoresque … de la Sainte Russie
Dostoevsky, Fedor Russia to turn Eastwards Russo-Turkish War (1877 – 8) support for Bulgarians
Doyle, Pvt John (8th Kings Royal Irish Hussars)
Drouyn de Lhuys, Edouard (French Foreign Minister)
Drummond, Maj Hugh (Scots Fslr Gds), letters home
drunkenness: among troops at Sevastopol among troops at Varna
du Picq, Ardant (French Army Captain), military theorist
Duberly, Fanny: outside Sevastopol spectator at Balaklava battle description of Balaklava town with General Bosquet in the hurricane readership on superiority of French organization
Duberly, Henry (8th Hussars)
Duhamel, General Alexander
Dunbar
(troop transport)
Dundas, Vice-Admiral Sir James
Dundas, Rear-Admiral Sir Richard, fresh Baltic campaign (1855)

Eardly, Sir Culling, Balaklava railway
Eastern Question British policy Dostoevsky’s solution Ignat’ev and Russian ‘weak neighbour’ policy Russia’s gains forfeited Tsar Nicholas’s solution unsolved
Edinburgh Review
(quarterly journal): British commerce and on the Russian ‘threat’
Edirne
see
Adrianople (Edirne)
Egerton, Col Thomas (77th Foot)
Egypt: challenge to Ottoman Sultan lost to Napoleon to go to Britain
Egyptian troops
Ekaterinoslav
Elena Pavlovna, Grand Duchess: encourages Cavour organizes nurses for the Crimea
Ellenborough, Lord, president of the Board of Control for India (1828 – 30)
Erivan (Yerevan): proposed attack by Indian Army resettled with Armenians debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856)
Ermak Timofeevich, conquest of Siberia
Ermolov, General Alexander
Ernest Leopold, Prince of Leiningen, letter to Queen Victoria
Ershov, Evgeny (Russian artillery), in Sevastopol
Estcourt, Maj-Gen James Bucknall (Adjutant General)
Esterhazy, Count (Austrian envoy to Russia)
Estonians, new settlers in the Crimea
Euphrates Valley Railway
European Turkey, to become a Russian protectorate
Evpatoria: population make up flight of Russians and Greeks allied occupation of allies find Tatar humanitarian crisis (1855) battle of (1855) key to an allied field campaign
Eyre, Maj Gen Sir William (3rd Division)