The Crimean War (86 page)
Authors: Orlando Figes
Tags: #History, #Military, #General, #Europe, #Other, #Russia & the Former Soviet Union, #Crimean War; 1853-1856
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The index that appeared in the print version of this title does not match the pages of your eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.
Aaland Islands: British attack on Bomarsund Palmerston’s plans for
Abdi Pasha, General, Commander of the Anatolian army
Abdülmecid I, Sultan: attends British and French balls (1856) calls for help from Britain (1839) Islamic ultimatum Omer Pasha and reinauguration of Hagia Sophia mosque (1849) religious toleration Westernizing liberal reforms
Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon: 4th Earl agrees to send combined fleet to Black Sea calm response to Sinope counsels against war with Russia limited campaigns aimed for and the ‘newspapers’ objects to Palmerstons plans problems with defence of Muslims resigns (1855)
Abkhazia, Russians eject Muslims
Adampol (Polonezkoi), Polish settlement in Turkey
Adams, Brigadier, at Inkerman
Adrianople (Edirne) Treaty of (1829) captured by Russia (1878)
Afghanistan: occupied by Great Britain (1838 – 42) Persian occupation of Herat (1837 – 57)
Agamemnon
, HMS
Airey, Lt-Gen Sir Richard (Quartermaster General)
Aksakov, Konstantin, shock at Russian retreat
Alaska (Russian-America), purchased by USA
Albert, Prince Consort to Queen Victoria accused of treason council of war with allied leaders (1855) develops Palmerston’s plans opinion of General Saint-Arnaud support for Austrian Four Point Plan
Alexander I, Tsar protector of Poland (1815) ultimatum on behalf of Greeks
Alexander II, Tsar amenable to negotiations attempt to prize Britain and France apart Chernaia river defeat Central Asia ambitions continues his father’s policies coronation delayed until Borodino anniversary demands major offensive from Gorchakov (July/August 1855) determined to fight on after Sevastopol and the exodus of Tatars fearful of war with Austria and the Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum direct discussions with Napoleon III Italian unification and fearful of spread of Italian nationalism keeps up pressure on Kars moves closer to Prussia serf emancipation army reforms fears British presence in the Caspian Sea Sevastopol Manifesto warns Serbia not to interfere in Balkan revolts seeks Russian settlement on Balkans and Tsargrad
see also
Alexander Nikolaevich, Tsarevich; Russia
Alexander Nikolaevich, Tsarevich (
later
Alexander II) dismissal of Khrulev and Menshikov
see also
Alexander II, Tsar
Alexander, Col James (14th Regt)
Alexander Fort (Sevastopol)
Algeria: conquest of by France fighting experience of French troops Yusuf’s Spahis
Algiers
, HMS
Ali Pasha (Grand Vizier), and the Paris Peace Congress (1856)
Alma, battle of (1854) storming of the Great Redoubt as reported in Russian press war graves
anaesthetics: British opinions divided Pirogov and surgery for wounded
Andrianov, Captain (10th Division)
Anglicans: church leaders and declaration of war dilemma of defending Muslim Turks in Jerusalem missionary work in Ottoman Empire
see also
Protestants
Anglo-French alliance: Czartoryski and Napoleon III and ultimatum to Tsar Nicholas (1854) lack of agreement over objectives colonial prejudice affects use of Turkish troops and Austrian intervention in Wallachia ‘robbed of victory’ allied siege strategy rethought (1855) troops committed to north-west Crimea council of war with allied leaders evacuation and clear up of Sevastopol installations expedition to China (1857) uncertainty after fall of Sevastopol (1855) allied armies in possession of Sevastopol (1855)
see also
British Army; France; French army; Great Britain
Anglo-Persian War (1856 – 7)
Anglo-Russian accord (1827)
Anglophobia, in Russia
Annesley, Ensign (
later
Colonel) Hugh, 5th Earl (Scots Fusilier Guards), wounded at Alma
Anstey, Thomas, Urquhart ally in parliament
Apuhktin, Aleksei, ‘A Soldier’s Song about Sevastopol’
archaeological discoveries, Crimea
Ardahan, cession of demanded by Stalin
Argyll, George John Campbell, 8th Duke
Armenians: emigrate to Transcaucasia new settlers in the Crimea
armies, comparison of costs of belligerents
army chaplains: André Damas (French army) British Army
Arthur the Great
(troop transport), transport of British sick and wounded
artillery: allied bombardment of Sevastopol ineffective against Minié rifles at Inkerman Russian counter bombardment
Assembly of Nobles (Sevastopol): used as hospital
see also
medical treatment
Association for the Protection of Turkey and Other Countries …
Astrakhan (Mongol khanate)
atrocities: alleged after Balaklava alleged after Inkerman allied troops in Kerch Bashi Bazouks in Bulgaria in Constantinople (1821) Giurgevo religious justification for Tatar bands
Attwood, Thomas
Austria-Hungary: neutrality assured by future territorial gains Three Emperors’ League (1873)
see also
Austrian Empire
Austrian army, in Wallachia (1854)
Austrian Empire: armed neutrality in favour of allies benevolent neutrality with respect to Russia demands Napoleon III’s peaceful intentions demands Russian withdrawal from principalities direct talks with Russians fearful of Slav uprisings Four Points for Peace with Russia (1854) Franco-Austrian peace ultimatum hopes for alliance with Russia hoping to negotiate a peace Italian independence and military alliance with France and Britain mobilizes troops (1853 & 1854) motives for invading principalities negotiations with Britain and France Paris Peace Congress (1856) peace initiative, the Vienna Note (1853) ready to march into Serbia 1848 revolutions Russian foreign policy and Russian partition plans (1852) and Russian plans for Greece (1820s) steps back from war with Ottomans support from Gorchakov over revolution in Italy threatens to join anti-Russian alliance Triple Alliance (1856) and Tsar Nicholas’ Ottoman partition plans Vienna Conference (1855) war with French and Piedmontese (1859) war with Prussia (1866) wary of Russia in Slav lands
see also
Austria-Hungary
Bakhchiserai Museum of the Alma reserve hospital
Bakunin, Mikhail
Bakunina, Ekaterina (nurse)
Balaklava, British supply base
Balaklava, battle of (1854)
Balaklava helmets
Balaklava Railway
Balkan League
Balkan War (1853 – 4)
Balkans: continuing conflict between Christians and Muslims Czartoryski’s plan hoped for Slav/Christian uprisings Nationalism pan-Slavism retreat of Austria Russia and Russian partition plans (1852) seeds of future wars status quo guaranteed by Three Emperors’ League (1873) theatre of war
see also
European Turkey
Balta Liman, Act of (1849)
Baltic campaign (1854)
Baltic campaign (1855)
Baltic provinces, of Russia, Palmerston’s plans for
Bariatinsky, Prince Alexander I (viceroy of the Caucasus) fears British presence on the Caspian Sea
Bariatinsky, Prince Vladimir I (Flag Lt to Adm Kornilov)
Barrett, Jerry,
Queen Victoria’s First Visit to Her Wounded Soldiers
Bashi Bazouks atrocities cholera and retreat to Varna in French service at Giurgevo
Bazancourt, César de
Beaumont, Thomas Wentworth
Beeton, Samuel,
Our Soldiers and the Victoria Cross
Belarus, Ruthenian (Uniate) Catholics
Belgium, Russia and
Belgrade, Turkish bombardment
Bell, Col George (1st (Royal) Regt): complaint about uniforms letter to
The Times
Bell, George and James Bell (shipping company)
Bell, John (sculptor), Guards’ Memorial (London)
Bellew, Walter (assistant surgeon)
Bem, General Jozef
Berlin, Congress (1878)
Bessarabia boundary debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) boundary dispute with Moldavia and Franco-Austrian peace terms (1855) mobilization of Russian troops (1852) Palmerston’s plans for refugee problem (1820 – 21) riots and attacks on Christians
Bezborodko, Count Alexander
Bibescu, Prince Gheorghe of Romania
Bineau, Jean (French Finance Minister), argues against war
Bismarck, Otto von
Black Sea: declared neutral by Paris Peace Congress (1856) no firm pledge from France on penal clauses related Paris Congress clauses annulled (1871) Russian fleet recommissioned
Black Sea region: buffer zone Christian-Muslim relations crucial for Russian security and trade demilitarization of London Convention (1841) and religious and ethnic transmigration
Blackwood’s Magazine
, British commerce and
Blakesley, Revd Joseph, letters to
The Times
Bloomfield, Pvt (Derbys Regt): recollections of Alma recollections of Inkerman
Bludova, Antonina, Countess
Blunt, John (Turkish language interpreter)
Bond, Sgt (11th Hussars)
Bondurand, Baron, military intendant to Marshal Castellane
Borgo, Pozzo di
Borodino, battle of (1812)
Bosnia: pan-Slav movement and promised to Austria-Hungary revolts by Christians
Bosquet, General Pierre François: at Balaklava at Inkerman orders attack on the Mamelon removed from command before Malakhov second Malakhov battle
Botanov, Mikhail, in Sevastopol
Bourqueney, Adolphe de (French ambassador in Vienna)
Bright, John
British Army: Anglo-Austrian force in Palestine (1840) Cardwell reforms catering (1855) chaplains commissariat bureaucracy Crimean veterans receive the Victoria Cross dependent on recruiting mercenaries drunkenness entertainments the Guards’ Memorial (London) officer corps opinion of the French opinion of Turkish soldiers other ranks letters home recruits soldiers wives in invasion fleet ‘Tommy Atkins’ uniforms
British Army, Crimean timeline: unpreparedness for war at Varna cholera poor intelligence about Russian numbers sails for the Crimea officers avoid winter in Crimea officers better sheltered than men (winter 1854 – 55) officers and men question the war complaints of bad conditions scurvy march to Alma Light Brigade skirmish near Alma at Alma siege of Sevastopol at Balaklava Charge of Heavy Brigade Charge of Light Brigade at Inkerman lack of winter clothing or shelter cost of victory at Inkerman atrocities alleged in Kerch decline in morale, factors desertion rates winter (1854 – 55) desertions before the Redan assault Paxton’s huts Russian night raids and fraternization with Russian troops bombardment of Sevastopol assault on Vorontsov Ravine rifle pits capture of the Quarry Pits first attack on the Redan second attack on the Redan looting in Sevastopol Balaklava hand over (July 1856) return to Britain war graves war memorials
see also
Great Britain
British Army,
units and regiments
: 1st Division 2nd Division 3rd Division 4th Division Heavy Brigade 4th Dragoons 4th Light Dragoons (Queen’s Own) 5th Dragoons 6th Inniskilling Dragoons 8th Hussars 11th Hussars 13th Light Dragoons 15th Kings Hussars 17th Lancers Scots Greys Guards Brigade Grenadier Guards Coldstream Guards Scots Fusilier Guards 93rd Highland Brigade Light Division 1st Royal Regiment 9th Foot 14th Foot 23rd (Royal Welsh) Fuslrs 30th Foot 77th Foot Derbyshire Regiment
British and Foreign Review
(journal)
‘British Hotel’ (Kadikoi)
British Indian Army, Tsar Alexander’s fears
Brotherhood of Sts Cyril and Methodius
Brown, General Sir George (Light Division) assault on the Redan Kerch raids
Bruat, Admiral Armand Joseph, abortive raid on Kerch
Brunov, Baron (Russian ambassador in London)
Bucharest: chaos and desertions in retreat (1854) provisional government declared (1848) Russian military headquarters (1853) Treaty of (1812)
Bukhara khanate
Bukhmeier, General, Sevastopol evacuation pontoon bridge
Bulganak, river
Bulgaria: Bashi Bazouk atrocities Circassians closer ties with Serbs and other Balkan Slavs Congress of Berlin resolutions Crimean Tatars lack of volunteers for Russian army massacre of Christians in Rumelia massacres of Muslims national church (Orthodox) possible support for Russians revolts by Christians Russian partition plans (1852) support from Russians against Turkey war dead
Bulgarians, new settlers in the Crimea
Bulwer, Henry
Buol, Karl von, Count (Austrian Foreign Minister) offers peace terms to Russians too soft on Russia (Clarendon) meets with de Morny and Gorchakov (1855)
Burgoyne, General Sir John RE council of war with allied leaders (1855) faulty judgements on Sevastopol siege at Inkerman plan to cut off supply routes to Sevastopol
Butler, Elizabeth (née Thompson),
Calling the Roll after an Engagement, Crimea
Butler, Capt James (Ceylon Rifles), at Silistria
Buzzard, Thomas (doctor with Turkish army)
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