The Crimean War (89 page)

Ia
i:
Fratja
meetings (1848) Treaty of (1792)
Ibrahim Pasha (son of Mehmet Ali), in Syria
Ignat’ev, Nikolai: Eastern Question solution encourages Serbs to expect Russian help pan-Slavism of San Stefano Treaty strategic memorandum on Central Asia and India Tsar’s envoy in Constantinople
Illustrated London News
(journal)
l’Impartial
(newspaper)
India, perceived Russian threat
India, Great Britain and Russia
(pamphlet)
Indian Army
see
British Indian Army
Indian Mutiny (1857)
Induno, Gerolamo, Crimean War paintings
Ingush
Inkerman, reserve hospital
Inkerman, battle of (1854) arguments over whom to blame for defeat Sandbag Battery a ‘soldiers battle’
see also
Mount Inkerman (Little Inkerman)
Inkerman Heights
Innokentii, Orthodox Archbishop: allied invasion a holy war Christianizing the Crimea
Ireland, lives lost
Islam: executions of Muslims who become Christians Islamic fundamentalists in Shamil’s movement Mehmet Ali’s Islamist aspirations opposition to Tanzimat reforms Western romantic ideas of
see also
Muslims
Istomin, Admiral Vladimir, commemoration
Italians, in Kars
Italy Czartoryski’s plan for little to commemorate Crimea Napoleon III’s plans Palmerston’s plans for Risorgimento unification union of Lombardy and Sardinia
janizaries
Japy, Frederic (3rd Zouave Regt), letter home
Jemaleddin (son of Imam Shamil), exchanged for Georgian princesses
Jerusalem: Easter 1846 riot fights between Greeks and Armenians Franciscan printing press (Austrian) religious rivalries Russian Ecclesiastical Mission
jihad: called for against Russians (1853) declared by Ottomans after Navarino (1827) General Yusuf’s incentive
jingoism, in Britain
Jomini, Antoine-Henri, Baron
Joseph II, Emperor of Austria
Journal des débats

Kacha, river, Russian dressing stations
Kadikoi (British base) traders and sutlers
Kalafat, Omer Pasha crosses the Danube
Kalamita Bay
Kamchatka Lunette (Sevastopol)
see
Mamelon
Kamiesh, French supply base
Kangaroo
(troop transort): carries supplies to Shamil used for cholera victims
Kapodistrias, Ioannis
Kars: cession of demanded by Stalin relieving force under Omer Pasha relieving force under Selim Pasha Russian bargaining card at Paris (1856) Russian siege
Kaufman, Konstantin P., Governor-General of Turkestan
Kazan (Mongol khanate)
Kaznacheev, Nikolai Ivanovich, governor of Evpatoria
Kerch: allied raid aborted (April 1855) allied raid (May 1855)
Khanum, Fatima Khanum
Kharkov, Sevastopol wounded
Kherson (new city)
Khersoneses (ancient Greek city) Church of St Vladimir desecrated by French
Khiva khanate
Khlopotina, Elizaveta (nurse)
Khomyakov, Alexei (Slavophile poet)
Khrulev, Lt-Gen Stepan: Evpatoria attack fails (1855) suicidal attack suggestion
Khrushchev, Nikita, transfers Crimea to Ukraine
Kiev, defence of
Kievan Rus’
Kinglake, Alexander on declaring war embarcation for Crimea
Kingscote, Capt. (
later
Maj & Col Sir) Nigel (Scots Fuslr Gds & ADC): letters from Varna outraged by other officers letters
Kingsley, Charles:
Two Years Ago
Westward Ho!
Kingsley, Henry,
Ravenshoe
Kiriakov, Lt-Gen V. I. (17th Division): at Alma at Inkerman
Kiselev, Gen Pavel (Minister of State Domains)
Klemm, Teofil (Russian soldier)
Kokand khanate
Kondratov, Ivan (Russian infantryman), dines on French and British food
Korda, Sir Alexander,
Lady Hamilton
(film)
Kornilov, Admiral Vladimir defence of Sevastopol death of commemoration
Koshka, Pyotr (seaman) raids allied trenches
Kossuth, Lajos
Kostaki Musurus (Turkish ambassador in London)
Kozhukov, Stepan (Russian artillery), At Balaklava
Krasinski, Valerian, Count
Krasovsky, Lt (ADC to Gorchakov), ‘time to start’ message
Kronstadt (Russian naval base)
Krüdener, Baroness Barbara Juliane von
Kuban, Slavic settlers
Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty of (1774)
Kulali, military hospital (British)

La Valette, Charles, Marquis de, provocative behaviour towards Ottomans
Lacour, Edmond de (French ambassador the the Porte)
Lamartine, Alphonse de
Lambert, Gen Karl, Polish uprising (1863)
Lamennais, Félicité de
Latas, Mihailo
see
Omer Pasha
Lawson, George (army surgeon): at Alma letters home
Layard, Sir Henry
Lebanon, riots and attacks on Christians
Lemprière, Capt Audley (77th Foot)
Lenin, Vladimir Iliich
Leopold I, King of Belgium
Lieven, Princess Dorothea von
Lipkin, Capt Nikolai (Russian navy), letters from Sevastopol
Liprandi, Lt-Gen Pavel (12th Inf Div): at Balaklava at Inkerman Chernaia river battle
lithographs: images from the war
Her Majesty the Queen Inspecting the Wounded Coldstream Guards …
(Gilbert)
see also
photography
Loizillon, Henri (army engineer): inside the Mamelon worried about continuing war writes of dead friends writes of rumours
Lombardy, transferred to France and to Piedmont
Lombardy-Venetia, Italo-Austrian contention
London, Treaty of (1827)
see also
Convention of London
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, translation of verse by Jorge Manrique
Longworth, John: British government agent in the Caucasus rejects support for Shamil movement warns Britain to oppose Ottomans in Caucasus
Louis Napoleon, President of France (
later
Napoleon III): asserts French interests in Europe
coup d’état
(1851) courts Catholic opinion
see also
Napoleon III, Emperor of France
Louis-Napoleon, French Prince Imperial, birth of
Lucan, Lt-Gen George Bingham, 3rd earl failure to take opportunities at Balaklava Charge of the Light Brigade letters to Raglan tents unfit for habitation recalled
Lyde, Revd. Samuel, focus of Muslim riot
Lyons, Rear Admiral Sir Edward, Sevastopol invasion fleet

Macintosh, Maj-Gen Alexander,
Journal of the Crimea
Mackenzie Heights, reserve hospital
Mackenzie’s Farm
MacMahon, Gen Patrice de, taking of the Malakhov Bastion
Magna Carta, influence on Ottoman parliament
Mahmud II, Sultan: appeals for help against Mehmet Ali of Egypt continues Selim’s [Westernizing] reforms declares jihad after Navarino
Mahmud Pasha, grand admiral Turkish navy
Mahmud Bek (governor of Nablus)
Malakhov Bastion (Sevastopol) assault (June 6, 1855) battle (June 18, 1855) taken by the French (Sept. 1855) remembered in France
Malmesbury, James Howard Harris, 3rd Earl, complains of La Valette
Mamelon (Sevastopol)
Manchester Times
(newspaper)
Mandt Dr Martin Wilhelm von, physician to Tsar Nicholas I
Manrique, Jorge
Maria Alexandrovna, Grand Duchess
Maria Fedorovna, Empress [Dowager], Ypsilantis and
Mariupol
see
Kerch, allied raid (1855)
La Marmora, General Alfonso (Piedmont-Sardinia)
Maronite Christians, massacred by Druzes and Muslims (1860)
Marsh, Catherine,
Memorials of Captain Hedley Vicars, Ninety-Seventh Regiment
Martineau, Harriet
Marx, Karl: the Anglo-French ‘anticlimax’ on Anglo-Turkish trade campaigns against Russia comment on the Russian army
Mayran, General, leads Malakhov assault
Mazzini, Giuseppe
McClellan, George B., US General
medals: Nakhimov Medal Victoria Cross
medical supplies, left at Varna by British
medical treatment: American help for Russians British hospitals conditions for British troops in the field French hospitals French standards drop nurses and nursing Russian hospitals shell shock/combat stress at Sinope triage
see also
anaesthetics; cholera, Scutari military hospital
Mehmet Pasha (governor of Jerusalem)
Mehmet Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier becomes head of the ‘war party’ Commander-in-Chief Turkish army
Mehmet Ali, ruler of Egypt: challenge to both Ottomans and Russia Convention of Kütahya (1833) Islamist aspirations quells Greek uprising recognized as hereditary ruler of Egypt second insurrection against the Sultan (1839 – 40)
Mehmet Hüsrev, Grand Vizier (1839 – 41)
Melbourne, William Lamb, 2nd Viscount
Menshikov, Prince Alexander Sergeyevich, commander-in-chief Crimea mission to Constantinople (1853) counsels caution to the Tsar at Alma inadequate defences in Sevastopol leaves Sevastopol for Bakhchiserai at the Belbek river reinforcements from Danubian front opposed to new offensive after Balaklava receives reinforcements from Bessarabia at Inkerman explains Inkerman atrocities refuses truce to clear dead and wounded recommends abandonment of Sevastopol dismissed after Evpatoria battle (1855)
Mérimée, Prosper
Metternich, Klemens Wenzel, Prince von
Mexico, French invasion
Meyendorff, Baron (Russian ambassador in Vienna)
Mickiewicz, Adam
Livre des pèlerins polonais
Mieczyslawska, Mother Makrena (Abbess)
Mihailo Obrenovi
Prince, of Serbia
Mikhail Nikolaevich, Grand Duke rebuke for Tolstoy
Mikhailova, Daria (Dasha Sevastopolskaia)
Mikhno, Nikolai
‘The Military Gazette’, Tolstoy’s magazine
Miliutin, Dmitry: army reforms mission to Serbia
millet
system Balkan nationalist movements and Hatt-i Hümayun reforms
Milosevich, Nikolai, comment on aftermath of Chernaia
Minié rifles: at Alma artillery ineffective against at Balaklava with Circassian tribes at Inkerman loss of 10 million rounds in hurricane Polish ‘Zouaves’
Minsk, persecution of Catholic nuns
Mismer, Charles (French dragoon): on French rations living with shelling
missions: Anglican in Ottoman Empire Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem
Modena, monarch restored
Moldavia autonomy granted (1829) cereal exports to Britain debated at Paris Peace Congress (1856) Greek uprising (1821) hospodar ordered to reject Turkish rule preliminaries to Crimean War (1853) Russian occupation of (1829 – 34) Russian response to 1848 revolution
see also
Romania
Molènes, Paul de (Spahi officer): at Evpatoria observations at Varna
Monsell, Revd J.S.B., ‘What will they say in England …’
Montalembert, Charles
Montefiore, Moses, Balaklava railway
Montenegrins
Montenegro: pan-Slav movement and revolts by Christians
Montreux Convention (1936), revision demanded by Soviets
morale: allied camps after Malakhov and Redan failure crucial element in battle decline of in British Army Russians at Inkerman in Sevastopol after Balaklava in Sevastopol from June 1855
Morley, Cpl Thomas (17th Lancers)
Morning Advertiser
(newspaper)
Morning Chronicle
(newspaper)
Morning Courier
(newspaper)
Morning Herald
(newspaper)
Morny, Charles-Auguste, Duc de: contact with Russians diplomacy over Black Sea and Danubian principalities
Moscow Slavic Benevolent Committee
Moskvitianin
(Moscow journal)
Mosley, Godfrey (paymaster 20th Regt of Foot)
mosques, converted to churches by Russians
Mount Athos
Mount Inkerman (Little Inkerman): Russian attack
see also
Inkerman, battle of
Muhammed Emin (Shamil’s emissary)
Mundy, Lt-Col George V. (33rd Foot), letter home
Munro, Sgt (93rd Highland Bde)
Muraviev, General, siege of Kars
Muridism, in the Caucasus
Musa Pasha, commandent of Silistria
Muslims: exodus of from Russian territory post-War expelled from conquered teritory Mehmet Ali revival opposition to Hatt-i Hümayun opposition to Tanzimat reforms reaction to Danubian principalities occupations resentment against Christians rumours about European allies and about Russia Russo-Turkish War revenge attacks
see also
Islam
Mussad Giray
Mustafa Pasha, virtual governor-general of Circassia
Mustafa Reshid Pasha agrees to war option endeavour to prevent escalation of war (1853) n opposition to Hatt-i Hümayun rivalry with Mehmet Ali Pasha stalls Menshikov threatened by religious students