The Classical World (97 page)

10
. Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
29.2; Appian,
Civil War
2.32; Plutarch,
Life of Caesar
31.

11
. Ibid. 32.8.

12
. Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
81.2.

1
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
8.14.3.

2
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
7.11.1.

3
. Ibid. 9.18.1.

4
. Ibid. 9.10.7 and 9.18.2.

5
. Ibid. 9.18.3.

6
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
7.3.2.

7
. Plutarch,
Life of Pompey
38.2–3.

8
. Dio, 42.14.3–4.

9
.
Anthologia Palatina
9.402; Cicero,
Ad Atticum
11.6.7.

10
. For context, E. E. Rice,
Cleopatra
(1999), 46–71, a very clear survey.

11
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
10.10.5.

12
. Dio, 43.23.3; S. Weinstock,
Divus Julius
(1971), 76–9.

13
. Dio, 43.23.6 and Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
39.2; Weinstock,
Divus Julius
, 88–90.

14
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
9.16.3.

15
. Macrobius,
Saturnalia
2.7.4; Cicero,
Ad Familiares
12.18.2.

16
. Ibid. 4.5.

17
. Dio, 43.44.1, with Weinstock,
Divus Julius
, 133–45.

18
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
12.43.3 and 13.28.3, with S. Weinstock, in
Harvard Theological Review
(1957), 212.

19
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
13.40.1; Nepos,
Atticus
18.3.

20
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
7.26.2.

21
. Ibid. 13.52, a classic letter.

22
. Dio, 44.10.1–3; I disagree with Weinstock,
Divus Julius
, 330, that it was a pre-planned ‘advent’ as a king.

23
. Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
77.1.

24
. Ibid. 81.2: I cannot, sadly, accept ‘ubertimque flere’.

25
. Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
79.3; Cicero,
De Divinatione
2.110; Dio, 44.15.3; Appian,
Civil War
2.110.

1
. Appian,
Civil War
2.118–19; Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
82.3–4; Appian,
Civil War
2.134.

2
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
11.1.1: the dating is famously disputed, some delaying this letter until 20 March.

3
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
14.13.6.

4
. Against Suetonius, 84.2, I set Cicero,
Ad Atticum
14.10, 14.11, 14.22 and
Philippic
2.91, pointing to more. Surely Appian,
Civil War
2.144–7, is usable evidence of what did go on.

5
. Appian,
Civil War
3.2.

6
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
14.3.

7
. R. Syme,
Augustan Aristocracy
(1986), 39, with Suetonius,
Life of Augustus
2.3.

8
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
14.11.2 (‘mihi totus deditus’: in Shackleton-Bailey’s view, Loeb Library, volume IV, 164 note 2, ‘Atticus would know better than to take this at face value’. I wonder). Compare 14.12.2 (‘perhonorifice’).

9
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
15.4.2.

10
. Suetonius,
Life of Caesar
88 and Pliny,
Natural History
2.94 with S. Weinstock,
Divus Julius
(1971), 370–71.

11
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
11.3, a very fine letter.

12
. Cicero,
De Officiis
3.83; compare 2.23–9 and especially 2.84.

13
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
10.20.2.

14
. Cicero,
Ad Atticum
16.15.3; compare 16.14.1, but also 16.11.6, a classic.

15
. Cicero,
Philippic
5.50, another classic.

16
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
10.28.3;
Philippic
5.50.

17
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
11.14 and 12.30.2.

18
. R. Syme,
The Roman Revolution
(1939), 190, note 6.

19
. Kathryn Welch, in Anton Powell and Kathryn Welch (eds.),
Sextus Pompeius
(2002), 1–30.

20
. Cicero,
Ad Familiares
11.20.1.

21
. Plutarch,
Life of Cicero
47–8 for his last hours; on Fulvia, Dio, 47.8.4–5.

1
. Nicholas Horsfall, in
Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies
(1983), 85–98; E. K. Wifstrand,
The So-called Laudatio Turiae
(1976).

2
. R. G. M. Nisbet, in his
Collected Papers on Latin Literature
(1995), 390–413, a brilliant study of ‘the Survivors’.

3
. R. Syme, in
Historia
(1958), 172–88.

4
. Joyce Reynolds,
Aphrodisias and Rome
(1982), 438, with numbers 6, 10 and 12.

5
. Plutarch,
Life of Antony
23.2–3.

6
. Ibid. 26, and Socrates of Rhodes, FGH 192 F1 (Jacoby).

7
. Martial,
Epigrams
11.20; the pearl story, Pliny,
Natural History
9.120–21 and Macrobius,
Saturnalia
3.17.15.

8
. P. M. Fraser, in
Journal of Roman Studies
(1957), 71–4.

9
. Plutarch,
Life of Antony
23.5–8 with C. B. R. Pelling,
Commentary
(1988), 205.

10
. K. Scott, in
Classical Philology
(1929), 133–41, on ‘On Drunkenness’; Suetonius,
Life of Augustus
69.2, on sex; on Sarmentus, Plutarch,
Life of Antony
59.4 with Craig A. Williams,
Roman Homosexuality
(1999), 275.

11
. T. P. Wiseman, in
Classical Quarterly
(1982), 475–6, and his
Roman Studies
(1987), 172.

12
. A. N. Sherwin-White,
Roman Foreign Policy in the East
(1984), 307–21.

13
. Plutarch,
Life of Antony
36.3–5 and Dio, 49.32, with Pelling,
Commentary
, 217–20.

14
. J. Linderski, in
Journal of Roman Studies
(1984), 74–80.

15
. Plutarch,
Life of Antony
71.4; on Timon, Strabo, 17.794 and Plutarch,
Life of Antony
69.6–7 and 70.

16
. Ibid. 76.5–78.4.

17
. Macrobius,
Saturnalia
2.4.28–9, brought to notice by F. Millar,
The Emperor in the Roman World
(1977), 135.

18
. On the poets’ earlier attitudes, note Virgil,
Eclogue
9, with M. Winter-bottom, in
Greece and Rome
(1976), 55–8; Horace,
Epodes
6 and 16 with the remarkable study by Nisbet,
Collected Papers
, 161–81, and Propertius 1.21 with Gordon Williams,
Tradition and Originality in Roman Poetry
(1968), 172–81.

19
. Jasper Griffin, in
Journal of Roman Studies
(1977), 17–26.

1
. Velleius, 2.88; Livy,
Periochae
CCXIII; Dio, 54.15.4.

2
. I differ on this from P. A. Brunt, in
Journal of Roman Studies
(1983), 61–2.

3
. Joyce Reynolds,
Aphrodisias and Rome
(1982), 104, number 13.

4
. J. Rich and J. Williams,
Numismatic Chronicle
(1999), 169–214.

5
. Livy, 4.20.7 with R. M. Ogilvie,
Commentary on Livy Books 1–5
(1965),
ad loc
.

6
. S. Weinstock,
Divus Julius
(1971), 228–43, a fine study.

7
. B. M. Levick, in
Greece and Rome
(1975), 156–63, especially the important note 10.

8
. I opt for a trial in 22
BC
, because it seems to occur when Marcellus is dead and therefore not called to give evidence; on Castricius the informer, D. Stockton, in
Historia
(1965), 27.

9
. Virgil,
Aeneid
6.851–3.

1
.
Historia Augusta
, Life of Hadrian 11.6–7.

2
. Nepos,
Atticus
20.3.

3
. Horace,
Odes
3.24.25–30.

4
. The suggestion of E. Badian, in
Philologus
(1985), 82–98.

5
. Horace,
Epodes
4; Dio, 48.34.5 and 48.43.3.

6
. R. Syme,
The Roman Revolution
(1939), 361; Florus, 2.6.6 on ‘municipalia prodigia’, of which there are many.

7
. Augustus,
Res Gestae
8.5.

8
. Pliny,
Letters
1.8.11.

9
.
Epitome de Caesaribus
, 14.8.

10
. P. A. Brunt,
Italian Manpower
(1971), with Gaius,
Institutes
2.286.

11
. Horace,
Odes
4.5.22.

12
. Craig A. Williams,
Roman Homosexuality
(1999), 275, note 115; S. Treggiari,
Roman Freedmen During the Late Republic
(1969), 271–2.

13
. Cicero,
De Legibus
3.30–2.

14
. S. Treggiari, in
Ancient History Bulletin
(1994), 86–98, for this connection.

15
. Tacitus,
Annals
2.85, with Pliny,
Natural History
7.39, and R. Syme,
Roman Papers
, volume II (1979), 805–24, esp. 811 and R. Syme,
Augustan Aristocracy
(1986), 74.

16
. Dio, 77.16.4 with F. Millar,
A Study of Cassius Dio
(1964), 204–7.

17
. S. Riccabono,
Fontes Iuris Romani
…, volume III, numbers 2 and 4.

18
. K. Sara Myers, in
Journal of Roman Studies
(1996), 1–20.

19
. Macrobius,
Saturnalia
2.5.9.

1
. L. Robert,
Comptes Rendus de L’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles Lettres
(1970), 6–11.

2
. Pliny,
Natural History
8.170; on the heated pool, Dio, 55.7.6.

3
. Pliny,
Natural History
36.121.

4
. Ibid. 9.168 on Sergius Orata; Martial,
Epigrams
7.34.

5
. Tacitus,
Annals
14.21.

6
. H. Dessau (ed),
Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
, 5287, with David S. Potter, in D. S. Potter and D. J. Mattingly (eds.),
Life, Death and Entertainment in the Roman Empire
(1998), 296, on Diocles.

7
. In 252
BC
; Pliny,
Natural History
8.6.17.

8
. Augustus,
Res Gestae
22 and 23.

9
. L. Robert,
Les Gladiateurs dans l’orient grec
(1940), 248: ‘ce n’est pas le seul trait original de la fière et virile république de Rhodes.’

10
. Livy, 39.22.2; 41.27.6; 44.18.8.

11
. Plutarch,
Moralia
1099B;
Martyrdom of Perpetua
17.2–3, with G. Ville,
La Gladiature dans l’occident des origines à la mort de Domitian
(1981), 363.

12
.
Martyrdom of Perpetua
20.2.

13
. Martial,
On Spectacles
6, in Loeb Library edition of Martial,
Epigrams
1 (1993), notes and translation by D. R. Shackleton Bailey.

14
. Celadus, in Dessau,
Inscriptiones Latinae Selectae
, 5142A and B, with Robert,
Les Gladiateurs
, 302 on his name; 5142C, on ‘puparum nocturnarum’.