Ross & Wilson Anatomy and Physiology in Health and Illness (249 page)

of heart,
81–82

Ventricular end-diastolic volume (VEDV),
85–86

Ventricular fibrillation,
121
,
123

Ventricular septal defect,
124

Venules,
76

Verbal communication,
10

Vermis, cerebellar,
154

Verrucas,
362

Vertebra prominens,
393

Vertebrae,
43–44
,
391–392
,
392
f

body,
391–392

cervical,
392–393
,
392
f

fractured,
181

lumbar,
392
f
,
393

thoracic,
393
,
393
f

Vertebral arch,
392
,
392
f

Vertebral arteries,
95
f
,
96
,
96
f
,
98

Vertebral canal,
395

Vertebral column,
43–44
,
44
f
,
391–395
,
391
f

curves,
394
,
394
f

functions,
44
,
395

ligaments,
394
,
394
f

movements,
395

muscles,
414–415
,
415
f

Vertebral foramen,
44
,
392
,
392
f

Vertigo,
203

Vesicouterine pouch,
441

Vestibular glands,
439

Vestibular nerve,
166
,
190

Vestibular nucleus,
190

Vestibule

inner ear,
188
,
188
f
,
190

mouth,
283

vagina,
439
,
439
f

Vestibulocochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII),
165
f
,
166
,
186

Vestibulospinal tract,
158
t

Vibrio cholerae
,
318

Villi

arachnoid,
147

small intestinal,
294
,
294
f

Vincent's infection,
311

Viral infections

central nervous system,
177–178

gastroenteritis,
319

liver,
324–325

mouth,
311

skin,
362

upper respiratory tract,
254–255

Viruses

neurotropic,
177

oncogenic,
49

Viscera

afferent impulses from,
171–172

pain sensation,
171–172

Visceral layer,
40

Vision

binocular,
197
,
197
f

close (near),
196
,
196
f

colour,
194
,
197

dark adaptation,
197

distant,
196
,
196
f

double (diplopia),
196
,
204
,
376

monocular,
190
,
197

tunnel,
204
,
205
See also
Sight

Visual area (cortex),
150
f
,
152
,
193
f
,
194

Visual purple (rhodopsin),
197
,
270

Vital capacity (VC),
249
f
,
250

Vital centres,
153

Vitamin A,
270
,
384

deficiency,
270

Vitamin B complex,
271–272

Vitamin B
₁
,
271

Vitamin B
₂
,
271

Vitamin B
₃
,
271

Vitamin B
₆
,
271

Vitamin B
₁₂
,
271

absorption,
296

deficiency,
67
,
180
,
271

in erythropoiesis,
57–58

Vitamin C,
272
,
384

Vitamin D,
270
,
384

deficiency,
270
,
421

formation,
358

Vitamin E,
270

Vitamin K,
64
t
,
270–271

deficiency,
71
,
271

Vitamins,
270–272

absorption,
296
,
305
t

fat-soluble,
23
,
270–271

water-soluble,
271–272

Vitreous body,
191
f
,
192

Vocal cords,
10
,
239–240
,
239
f

Voice,
239–240

Voice box
See
Larynx

Volvulus,
322

Vomer,
390
,
390
f

Von Willebrand's disease,
72

Vulva,
438–439
,
439
f

atrophic dystrophy,
453

dystrophies,
453

intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN),
453

W

Warts,
362

Waste materials

in blood,
57

capillary exchange,
77–78
,
77
f

elimination of,
8
t
,
12

fetal circulation,
108–109

Water,
273

absorption,
296
,
305
t

balance,
337

capillary exchange,
77–78
,
78
f
,
118f

functions,
273

insensible loss,
358

metabolic,
306
,
308

molecules,
19
,
20
,
20
f

renal reabsorption,
335

total body,
26
,
26
f

vapour, in air,
250
t
See also
Fluid

Weight, body,
306

assessment,
266
,
266b

loss,
228

Wernicke's area,
150
f
,
152
,
152
f

White blood cells
See
Leukocytes

White matter,
139
,
148
,
156–158

Wilms' tumour,
348

Winter vomiting virus,
319

Withdrawal reflex,
357

Wound healing,
359–361

complications,
360–361

primary (by first intention),
359
,
359
f

secondary (by second intention),
359–361
,
360
f

Wrist

bones,
397
,
398
f

joint,
406
,
406
f
,
407
f

muscles and movements,
406
,
406
t

X

X chromosome,
428
,
429
f
,
434

Xerophthalmia,
270

Xiphoid process,
395
,
395
f

Y

Y chromosome,
428
,
429
f
,
434

Z

Z-line,
410
f
,
411

Zygomatic bone,
388
f
,
389
,
390
f

Zygomatic process,
386
,
388
f

Zygote,
14
,
28
,
432
,
438
,
445

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