Red Fortress: History and Illusion in the Kremlin (89 page)

136
.
Istoricheskii arkhiv,
4 (1996), p. 33.

137
. Smirnova, ‘Oruzheinaia palata’, p. 127.

138
. Iu. Korolev,
Kremlevskii sovetnik: XX vek glazami ochevidtsev
(Moscow, 1995), p. 12.

139
. I. Shmelev, cited in
Moskovskii zhurnal,
9 (1992), pp. 2–3.

140
.
Istoriia Moskvy s drevneishikh vremen,
vol. 3, p. 256.

141
. Mironenko,
Moskovskii kreml’,
p. 356.

142
. L. A. Petrov, ‘Restavratsionnye raboty v Moskovskom kremle’,
Arkhitektura i stroitel’stvo Moskvy,
10 (1995).

143
. Shchenkov,
Pamiatniki,
p. 403.

144
. Shchenkov,
Pamiatniki,
p. 401; I. A. Rodimtseva,
Ocherki istorii Moskovskogo Kremlia
(Moscow, 1997), p. 122.

145
. Shchenkov,
Pamiatniki,
p. 403.

146
.
Istoriia Moskvy s drevneishikh vremen,
vol. 3, p. 256.

147
.
Istoriia Moskvy s drevneishikh vremen,
vol. 3, p. 256.

148
.
Moskovskii Kreml’
(Moscow, 1947).

149
.
Kreml’ i Krasnaia ploshchad’. Al’bom
(Moscow, 1947).

150
. P. V. Sytin,
Istoriia planirovki i zastroiki Moskvy,
vol. 1 (Moscow, 1950), p. 7.

11 KREMLINOLOGY

1
. John Steinbeck,
A Russian Journal
(London, 1949; repr. 1994), pp. 212–13.

2
. Steinbeck,
Journal,
p. 212.

3
. A. Adzhubei,
Te desiat’ let
(Moscow, 1989), p. 118.

4
. The story appears in Svetlana Allilueva,
Twenty Letters to a Friend
(London, 1967), pp. 16–18.

5
. M. K. Pavlovich, ‘Oruzheinaia palata v seredine 1940-x – nachale 1980-x godov (k istorii ekspozitsii)’,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
vol. XIV, pp. 132–3; see also
Istoriia Moskvy s drevneishikh vremen do nashikh dnei v trekh tomakh,
vol. 3 (Moscow, 2000), p. 270, which describes the other tree in the Tainitskie gardens.

6
. On Mrs Khrushchev, see Larissa Vasileva,
Kremlin Wives,
trans. Cathy Porter (New York, 1994), pp. 200–202; on the rest, see Timothy J. Colton,
Moscow: Governing the Socialist Metropolis
(Cambridge, Mass., 1995), p. 364.

7
. V. Shevchenko,
Povsednevnaia zhizn’ pri prezidentakh
(Moscow, 2004), p. 43, citing Ehrenburg.

8
. Pavlovich, ‘Oruzheinaia palata’, p. 132.

9
. A. S. Shchenkov, ed.,
Pamiatniki arkhitetury v Sovetskom Soiuze
(Moscow, 2004), p. 218.

10
. Frederick C. Barghoorn, ‘The partial reopening of Russia’,
Slavic Review,
16, 2 (April 1957), pp. 146 and 158.

11
.
Istoriia Moskvy s drevneishikh vremen,
vol. 3, p. 274.

12
. L. I. Donetskaia and L. I. Kondrashova, ‘Iz istorii prosvetitel’skoi deiatel’nosti v Moskovskom kremle’,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
vol. XIV, p. 304.

13
.
Kreml’ Moskvy
(Moscow, 1957), p. 30.

14
. The full text is available online. See
www.marxists.org/archive/khrushchev/1956/02/24.htm
.

15
. For an account see Dmitry Volkogonov,
The Rise and Fall of the Soviet Empire: Political Leaders from Lenin to Gorbachev,
trans. Harold Shukman (London, 1998), pp. 141 and 201–7.

16
.
Kreml’ Moskvy,
p. 5.

17
. Shevchenko,
Povsednevnaia,
p. 31; interview with Iu. V. Firsov, Moscow, September 2009.

18
.
Kreml’ Moskvy,
p. 4.

19
. Donetskaia and Kondrashova, ‘Iz istorii prosvetitel’skoi’, p. 304.

20
. Interview with Firsov, Moscow, 2009.

21
.
Mezhdunarodnyi Sovet Muzeev: Konferentsiia komiteta muzeev arkheologii i istorii, 9–18 sentiabr’ 1970
(Leningrad and Moscow, 1970), p. 12.

22
.
Mezhdunarodnyi Sovet Muzeev,
guide for tour-leaders, p. 13.

23
. I base these observations on the testimonies of friends and colleagues in Moscow who either earned the privilege described or sniggered (later) at the few who had. As to questions of demeanour, I can draw on my own repeated experience.

24
. Donetskaia and Kondrashova, ‘Iz istorii prosvetitel’skoi’, p. 304; Ol’ga Sosnina and Nikolai Ssorin-Chaikov, eds.,
Dari vozhdiam: Katalog vystavki
(Moscow, 2006), p. 302.

25
. N. S. Vladimirskaia, ‘Etapy stanovleniia nauchnoi deiatel’nosti muzeia’,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
vol. XIV, p. 283.

26
. It was issued by the publishing house Moskovskii Rabochii in 1957.

27
. It, too, was published by Moskovskii Rabochii, and went through several editions after 1957.

28
. For the objects, see the catalogue, edited by Sosnina and Ssorin-Chaikov,
Dari vozhdiam,
passim.

29
. M. M. Gerasimov,
The Face-Finder
(London, 1971), p. 187. See also M. M. Gerasimov’s account for his peers, ‘Dokumental’nyi portret Ivana Groznogo’, in
Kratkie soobshcheniia instituta Akademii Nauk SSSR,
100 (1965), pp. 139–42.

30
. I. A. Rodimtseva,
Iz glubiny vekov: ocherki istorii Moskovskogo Kremlia
(Moscow, 1997), p. 124, describes some of the work. For more detail, and a criticism of the projects of this period, see V. V. Vladimirskaia, ‘Restavratsiia pamiatnikov arkhitektury moskovskogo kremlia. XX vek’,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
vol. XIV, pp. 331–3.

31
.
Mezhdunarodnyi Sovet Muzeev,
p. 1.

32
.
Mezhdunarodnyi Sovet Muzeev,
pp. 8–10. See also I. L. Buseva-Davydova,
Khramy Moskovskogo Kremlia
(Moscow, 1997), p. 15.

33
. The first volume of the Kremlin staffs’ occasional series of research papers,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
appeared in 1973. It had no single theme, but included essays on the history of the Kremlin museums, on conservation, and on individual treasures.

34
. The catalogue, with colour illustrations, was
Treasures from the Kremlin: An Exhibition from the State Museums of the Moscow Kremlin
(New York, 1979). The show took five years to arrange.

35
. M. G. Rabinovich,
Zapiski sovetskogo intellektuala
(Moscow, 2005), p. 241.

36
. Rabinovich,
Zapiski,
pp. 297–8.

37
. N. N. Voronin and M. G. Rabinovich, ‘Arkheologicheskie raboty v Moskovskom Kremle’,
Sovetskaia arkheologiia,
1 (1963), pp. 252–72. Sytin, of course, had worked with the metro-digging teams.

38
. T. D. Avdusina, ‘Vystavka “arkheologiia moskovskogo kremlia”’,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
vol. XIV, p. 271.

39
. N. S. Vladimirskaia (Sheliapina), ed.,
Arkheologicheskaia vystavka muzeev kremlia: katalog
(Moscow, 1983), passim.

40
. For the garrison, see A. Korzhakov,
Boris El’tsin: ot rassveta do zakata
(Moscow, 1997), p. 39.

41
. Shevchenko,
Povsednevnaia,
p. 193.

42
. On the telephone system of the 1960s, see J. Patrick Lewis, ‘Communications output in the USSR: a study of the Soviet telephone systems’,
Soviet Studies,
28, 3 (July 1976), pp. 406–17.

43
. The story of the British angle was related to me by K. A. (Tony) Bishop, CMG, OBE, official interpreter on the British side; for the graded telephone systems, see Korzhakov,
Boris El’tsin,
p. 129.

44
. S. V. Mironenko, ed.,
Moskovskii kreml’: tsitadel’ Rossii
(Moscow, 2008), p. 51.

45
. C. Cooke, ‘Manhattan in Moscow’,
Domus,
840 (September 2001), p. 95.

46
. V. A. Vinogradov, ed.,
Moskva 850 let,
vol. 2 (Moscow, 1997), p. 140; Colton,
Moscow,
p. 371.

47
. Colton,
Moscow,
p. 366. I remember the swimming pool from my own student days, an open-air giant that was heated right through the coldest Moscow winters.

48
. Mark Frankland,
Child of My Time
(London, 1999), pp. 31–3.

49
. Konstantin Mikhailov,
Unichtozhennyi Kreml’
(Moscow, 2007), p. 264.

50
. A. Resis, ed.,
Molotov Remembers: Conversations with Felix Chuev
(Chicago, 1993), p. 187.

51
. Interview with engineer P., September 2009.

52
. Mikhailov,
Unichtozhennyi,
p. 251.

53
. V. V. Vladimirskaia, ‘Restavratsiia’,
Materialy i issledovaniia,
vol. XIV, p. 330; Mikhailov,
Unichtozhennyi,
p. 250.

54
. M. V. Posokhin et al.,
Kremlevskii dvorets s”ezdov
(Moscow, 1974), p. 8.

55
. For the dimensions, see ibid., pp. 50–60.