Red Fortress: History and Illusion in the Kremlin (98 page)

Platon, Metropolitan of Moscow

Plekhanov, Georgy

Pleshcheyev, Levonty

Podgorny, Nikolai

Pogodin, Mikhail

Pokrovsky Convent

Poland; Polish influence on court of False Dmitry; ambition for Russian throne; Polish troops occupy and loot the Kremlin; Treaty of Eternal Peace; as source of radical ideas; represented in film
1612

Poland-Lithuania

Politburo; Thursday meetings in Kremlin; working conditions relaxed under Brezhnev

Polotsky, Simon

Polovtsy (tribe)

Polyakov, Leonid

Polytechnical Exhibition 1872

Pomerantsev, N. N.

pomeshchiki

Pompeii, re-discovery of

Ponomarev, Lev

Poppel, Nikolaus

Poskrebyshev, Alexander

Posokhin, M. V.

Possevino, Antonio

Potanin, Vladimir

Poteshnyi Dvorets
(Palace)

Pozharsky, Dmitry

Praskoveyevka

Preobrazhenskoe

Presnya ponds

prikazy

printing presses, in Moscow

Prokopovich, Feofan

Pronsky, Mikhail

Provisional Government

Prozorovsky clan

Pskov

Pugin, Augustus

Pulci, Luigi

Pushkin, Alexander

Putin, Vladimir: dismisses corruption investigation against Yeltsins; takes over as Head of State; encourages Russian nationalism; third term of office

Quarenghi, Giacomo

Rabinovich, Mikhail

Radishchev, Alexander

railway: links Moscow and St Petersburg; terminus

Rastrelli, Francesco Bartolomeo

Ravel, Maurice

Reagan, Ronald

Red Army

Red Guards, occupy the Kremlin 1917

Red Square; space created as fire-break in 1493; begins to be called Red Square under Peter the Great; acquires current shape; statue commemorating Minin and Pozharsky erected, 1818; site of Bolshevik victims’ graves, 1917; parades; designated World Heritage Site by UNESCO

Reed, John

Rerberg, I. I.

revolution

revolution

Rhos see also Rus

Riga, Latvia

Rikhter, F. F.

Riurikid dynasty

Robespierre, Maximilien de

Roman Catholicism; and Polish ambition for the Russian throne

Romania; fall of Ceausescu

Romanov, Aleksei Mikhailovich
see
Aleksei Mikhailovich, Tsar

Romanov, Fedor Nikitich (‘Filaret’); installed as Patriarch

Romanov, Mikhail
see
Mikhail Fedorovich, Tsar

Romanov, Nikita

Romanov dynasty; accession; tercentenary celebration of accession, 1913; murder of royal family at Ekaterinburg

Rome, Italy; Capitoline Hill

Romodanovsky, Fedor

Rossi, Karl

Rossiya
(television channel)

Rostopchin, Fedor

Rublev, Andrei

Rudolf II, Holy Roman Emperor

Rumyantsev, Nikolai

Rus;
under Mongol rule

Russian Archive
(journal)

Russian Federation

Russian Orthodox Church; founded in the 10th century; separates from Constantinople; creation of the patriarchate; crisis in authority of; calendar abolished; reduction in power under Peter the Great; abolition of the patriarchate; refuses permission for sacred objects to be displayed at Paris Exposition of 1867; suppressed under the Bolsheviks; liquidation of assets by the Bolsheviks
see also
Metropolitans, Archbishops and Patriarchs of the Russian Orthodox Church

Russian Primary Chronicle

‘Russian revival’

Russo-Japanese war

Ryabtsev, Colonel

Ryabushinsky family

Ryapolovsky, Semen Ivanovich

Ryazan

Rykov, Aleksei

Rylsky, I. V.

Saburova, Alexandra

Saburova, Solomoniya

Saltykov clan

Saltykova, Praskovya

Samarkand

Samoilov, Kirill

Sapieha, Lew

Sarai (capital of the Mongol Golden Horde)

Schiller, Friedrich

Schoenebeck, Adriaan

Scriabin, Alexander

Second World War

secret police
see
Cheka; FSB; GPU; KGB

Ségur, Philippe-Paul de, Comte

Serbia

serfs: curtailed freedom under Aleksei Mikhailovich; in 19th-century Moscow; emancipation of

Sergei Aleksandrovich, Grand Duke, governor-general of Moscow

Sforza, Francesco

Shalyapin, Fedor

Sharutin, Trefil

Shatunovskaya, Lydia

Shchelkalov, Andrei

Shchukin, Sergei

Shchusev, Aleksei

Shein, Aleksei Semenovich

Shekhtel, Fedor

Sheliapina, N. S.

Sheremetev family

Sheremeteva, Elena

Shervud, Leonid

Shervud, Vladimir

Shestunov family

Shevkunov, Tikhon

Shevtsova, Lilia

shipyards, English and Dutch Peter the Great works in

Shokhin, Nikolai

Shternberg, Pavel Karlovich

Shuisky, Andrei Mikhailovich

Shuisky, Ivan Vasilevich

Shuisky, Vasily Ivanovich (Vasily IV)
see
Vasily IV, Tsar

Shuisky family

Siberia

Sibir Khanate

Siena, Italy

Sigismund III, King of Poland-Lithuania

Sitsky family

1612
(film)

Sixtus IV, Pope

Skavronska, Marta
see
Catherine I, Empress

Skopin-Shuisky, Mikhail

Skuratov, Malyuta

Skuratov, Yury

Slavs, arrival in Moscow

Smolensk; fortress; taken by the Poles; recaptured under Aleksei Mikhailovich; burns under Naopoleon’s attack

Snegirev, Ivan

Snegirev, V. F.

Socialist Revolutionary Party

Society for the Study of Russian History

Society of Lovers of the Arts

Sofiya Alekseyevna; regent (1682–9)

Sofiya Palaeologa (Palaeolog, Palaeologina)

Solari, Pietro Antonio

Solntsev, Fedor;
Antiquities of the Russian State

Solomon’s Circus

Soloviev, Sergei

Sophie Fredericke Auguste of Anhalt-Zerbst, Princess
see
Catherine II, Empress of Russia (Catherine the Great)

Soviet art

Soviet film industry

Soviet Union
see
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR)

Soviet victory parade

soviets

spying, in Stalin’s Kremlin

Sretensky Cathedral

Staden Heinrich von

Stalin, Josef; arguments over accommodation in the Kremlin; Five-Year Plan for industry and agriculture; destruction of religious buildings in Moscow; transformation of the Kremlin; paranoia over personal safety; leadership style; spy network; and suicide of Nadezhda Allilueva; and Kremlin Affair; remains in Kremlin during Second World War; death; legacy; Moscow’s landmark towers; discredited by Gorbachev

Stalin, Nadezhda Allilueva; death of

Stalin, Svetlana Allilueva

Stalingrad

Stanislavsky, Konstantin

Staraya Moskva

Stein, Gertrude

Steinbeck, John

Stelletskii, I.

Stravinsky, Igor,
The Rite of Spring

streltsy;
abolition of; tortured and killed under Peter the Great

Stroganov dynasty

style moderne

Sukharev Tower

Sukhov, D. P.

Suslov, Mikhail

Suzdal

Sverdlov, Yakov

Sverdlovsk (formerly Ekaterinburg)

Sweden; seizes Novgorod, 1609; Peter the Great forms alliance against; defeated by Russia at Poltava, 1709; Peter the Great signs Peace of Nystad; collections of Russian icons

swimming pool, public, commissioned by Khrushchev

Switzerland

Sylvester the monk

Synod Choir

Sytin, Petr Vasilevich

Taler, John

Tamerlane

Taruskin, Richard

Tatars

Tatishchev, Vladimir

Tatlin, Vladimir

T chaikovsky, Pyotr Ilyich

Telepnev-Obolensky, Ivan Ovchina

Terem Palace

terrorism

textile production, in Moscow

Thatcher, Margaret

Theophanes the Greek

Thirty Years War

Tikhon, Patriarch

Till, Karolina

Time of Troubles

Times
(newspaper)

Tmutorokan (Black Sea port)

Tokhtamysh (Mongol leader)

Tokmakov,
Historical Description of Every Coronation of the Russian Tsars

Tolbuzin, Semen

Tolstoy, Lev;
Anna Karenina

Tomsky, Mikhail

Ton, Konstantin; Cathedral of Christ the Saviour

torture: under Ivan the Terrible; under Boris Godunov; abolition of, by Fedor Alekseyevich; under Peter the Great

Tovstukha, Ivan

trade-union movement; Kremlin staff form union

Trakhaniot, Yury

Trakhaniotov, Petr

Tremer, Eduard

Trepov, Dmitry Fedorovich

Tretyakov, Pavel

Tretyakov, S. N.

Tretyakov dynasty

Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow

Trinity-St Sergius Monastery

Trotskaya, Natalia Sedova

Trotsky, Leon; and Brest-Litovsk treaty; founds the Red Army

Trubetskoi, Dmitry

Trubetskoi palace

Trutovsky, V. K.

Tsaritsyno

Tsars of Russia: Ivan I, ‘Kalita’; Ivan III; Ivan IV (‘the Terrible’); Fedor I Ivanovich; Boris Godunov; Fedor II Borisovich; ‘False Dmitry’; Vasily Shuisky; Mikhail Fedorovich; Aleksei Mikhailovich; Fedor Alekseyevich; Peter I, (Peter the Great); Catherine I; Elizabeth; Peter III; Catherine II (Catherine the Great); Paul I; Alexander I; Nicholas I; Alexander II; Alexander III; Nicholas II

Tula

Turgenev, Ivan

Turks, and fur trade

Turover, Felipe

Tver; rebuilt in European style

Ugudey (son of Genghis Khan)

Ukhtomsky, Dmitry Vasilyevich; architecture school

Ukraine; vote for independence

underground railway (metro)

UNESCO: designates Kremlin World Heritage Site; protests about about building work in the Kremlin

Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR): Treaty of Brest-Litovsk; civil war; Stalin’s Five-Year Plan; and Second World War; shoots down Korean airliner; war in Afghanistan; Congress of People’s Deputies; break up of; Soviet legacy

United States of America: donate aid in famine; Hillwood collection, of Russian icons Washington; warns Gorbachev of coup

The Unknown History of Russia1945–2006,
school textbook

Upper Trading Rows (GUM)

Ushakov, Simon;
The Tree of the State of Muscovy