Phoenix Program (87 page)

“Truth About Phoenix, The” (Dinh Tuong An),
217–221
,
281
,
284
,
288

T'Souvas, Robert,
346

Tu Thanh,
369

Uhl, Mike,
311
,
381

Uncounted Enemy: A Vietnam Deception, The
(Adams),
272

unilateral penetrations,
110–112
,
174–175
,
190
,
212
,
265

USIS (U.S. Information Service),
27
,
49
,
206
,
281
,
318

U.S.-Vietnamese relations:

duplicity in,
50

ideological problems in,
185–186

value conflicts in,
214
,
233–234

Vacarro, Joe,
70–71
,
255

Valentine, Ray,
77

Van Fleet, James,
121

Van Lesser, Kenny,
53

Vann, John Paul,
49–50
,
51
,
54
,
89
,
115
,
215
,
265
,
299
,
300
,
304
,
314
,
319
,
320
,
382
,
384
,
399
,
400

Van Van Cua,
187

VBI (Vietnamese Bureau of Investigations),
32–33
,
35
,
38
,
41
,
48
,
56
,
74

VC (Vietcong):

ARVN inferior to,
51–52

cruelty and ruthlessness ascribed to,
59
,
107–108
,
194

modus vivendi of,
196
,
213–222
,
230–231

VCI (Vietcong infrastructure),
13
,
19–404
,
424
,
427

background and origins of,
19–38

covert action programs of,
43–44
,
46–47
,
56

and end of Vietnam War,
390–391
,
406

infiltration and penetration by,
109–112
,
335–336

modus vivendi of,
213–223

organization of,
38–40

PICs and,
73–74
,
80
,
82
,
83
,
85
,
87–88

psychological warfare and,
280–290

publications of,
334–335

systematizing of operations against,
113–142

VCIIS (Viet Cong Infrastructure Information System),
258–259

Vien, Mrs.,
303
Viera, Jose Rodolfo,
422

Vietcong Memoir, A
(Tran Van Truong),
156
,
234

Vietminh,
22–29
,
58
,
74

colonialism opposed by,
22–24

Diem and,
27–29

see also
VC; VCI

Vietnam:

colonial rule of,
20–22

political demarcations of,
20
,
22
,
24

Vietnam: A History
(Karnow),
20

Vietnam, Democratic Republic of (North),
53
,
90
,
128
,
194
,
195

Vietnam, Republic of (South),
34
,
39
,
41
,
47
,
60
,
90
,
220
,
280
,
399

ceasefire and last days of,
404–419

Diem's downfall and,
51–56

and end of Vietnam War,
404
,
411
,
413
,
417–419

“infrastructure” as understood by,
185–186

interrogation networks in,
73–88

modus vivendi of,
213–215

“nation building” strategy in,
160

as prison regime,
221
,
349

as scapegoats,
276

Soviet Union compared with,
69

U.S. support of,
47
,
148–149
,
174
,
186–188
,
256–257
,
303–305
,
387
,
391

Vietnam: The Secret War
(Generous),
26

Vietnamese History from 1939–1975
(Huy),
24

Vietnamization,
254–279

corruption and,
266–271

intelligence networks restructured in,
266–279

policies and implementation of,
254–265

reforms in,
291–302

Vietnam War:

end of,
404–419

new breed of officers in,
163

northern bombing as beginning of,
53

suppression of dissent against,
336–339

Village in Vietnam,
105

Village Voice,
312

Vincent, Vance,
357

Vinh, Major,
407
,
409

Vinh Loc,
189

VIS (Vietnam Information System),
51
,
282

VNQDD (Vietnam Qiioc Dan Dang),
22
,
64
,
67
,
344

VNTF (Vietnam Task Force),
298–299

Volkman, Dennis,
425

Vo Nguyen Giap,
22

Vung Tau program,
see
RDC

Vu Nhoc Nha,
305

Wall, Bob,
124–126
,
139
,
140–141
,
184
,
191
,
208
,
373
,
390
,
393
,
424

Waller, Efram E.,
384

Wall Street Journal,
264
,
276
,
314

Walt, Lou,
124–125

Walters, Howard,
51

Walton, Frank,
35
,
260
,
348

War Comes to Long An
(Race),
32
,
258

Ward, Jim,
160
,
169
,
173
,
208
,
225
,
254
,
265
,
321

interviews with,
109
,
137–138
,
150
,
163
,
172
,
205–207
,
278–279
,
281–282

Washington Monthly,
179

Washington Post,
163
,
314
,
388

Weidhas, Al,
329

Weisz, George,
278

Welch, David,
162–163

West, Dave,
127
,
136
,
156
,
371

Westbrook, Colston,
337

Westmoreland, William,
91
,
118
,
146
,
253

libel suit of,
272–273

as MACV commander,
57
,
64
,
113
,
116
,
127
,
135
,
152–153
,
181
,
342

on pacification,
89

Wheeler, Earle,
135
,
297

Wilbur, John,
163–173
,
176
,
177–178
,
255–256

Williams, Ogden,
57
,
281

Willson, Brian,
215–216

Wilson, “Coal Bin” Willie (Wilber),
208–209
,
382
,
385

Winne, John,
77

Wisner, Frank,
406
,
417

With The Contras
(Dickey),
426

Woodsman, John,
72
,
106

World War I,
22
,
62
,
100
,
338

World War II,
12
,
47
,
69
,
90
,
91
,
143
,
192
,
198
,
300

Yarborough, William,
91
,
338

Yoh, Bernard,
37

Yoonchul Mo,
357

Yothers, Charlie,
319

Young, Stephen,
107

Zasloff, J. J.,
28
,
33

Zinman, William,
311–312

Zorthian, Barry,
71

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

This book is dedicated to my darling wife, Alice. Special thanks to my father for his editorial assistance; the Fitchburg Arts Council for its financial aid; Adria Henderson, Bill McCoy, Jack Madden, John Kelly, and Nick Proffitt for their comradeship; Sandy Kelson, Larry Hill, and Andy McKevitt for their generosity; Dave Coggeshall, Ian Fleming, the Fat Angel, and Robert Graves for inspiration; Lucy Nhiem Hong Nguyen, Lien Johnson, and Pham Thi Ngoc Chan for their efforts on my behalf; Larry Tunison for the night on the town; and all those who contributed to this book.

About the Author

Douglas Valentine is the author of four books of historical nonfiction:
The Hotel Tacloban, The Phoenix Program, The Strength of the Wolf: The Secret History of America's War on Drugs, and The Strength of the Pack: The Personalities, Politics and Espionage Intrigues that Shaped the DEA.
He is the author of the novel TDY, and a book of poems,
A Crow's Dream.
He is also the editor of the poetry anthology
With Our Eyes Wide Open: Poems of the New American Century
(West End Press, 2014). He lives with his wife, Alice, in Massachusetts.

All rights reserved, including without limitation the right to reproduce this ebook or any portion thereof in any form or by any means, whether electronic or mechanical, now known or hereinafter invented, without the express written permission of the publisher.

Copyright © 1990 by Douglas Valentine

Cover design by Andrea Worthington

ISBN: 978-1-4976-2020-9

This edition published in 2014 by Open Road Integrated Media, Inc.

345 Hudson Street

New York, NY 10014

www.openroadmedia.com

FORBIDDEN BOOKSHELF EBOOKS

FROM OPEN ROAD MEDIA