Phoenix Program (80 page)

14
.  “Phung Hoang Results Due Directly to Psyops.”

15
.  “Phung Hoang/Phoenix Program” (Washington D.C.: The Joint Chiefs of Staff, Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, JCSM-394–70, August 15, 1970, from Major General Frank B. Clay, Deputy Director, Joint Staff).

16
.  “Phung Hoang Results Due Directly to Psyops.”

17
.  Joseph Treaster, “The Phoenix Murders,”
Penthouse,
December 1975, p. 147.

18
.  1969 End of Year Report, p. B-l-2.

19
.  1969 End of Year Report, p. B-2–1-6.

20
.  1969 End of Year Report, p. B-2–1-6.

21
.  1969 End of Year Report, p. B-l-1 to B-l-3.

22
.  1969 End of Year Report, p. D-7.

23
.  Treaster, p. 147.

24
.  Colby, p. 269.

25
.  Johnson,
A Study,
pp. 304–305.

26
.  “Special Collection Program BIG MACK” (Saigon, MACCORDS, MACJ212–2 Fact Sheet, December 8, 1970).

27
.  Dillard interview.

28
.  1969 End of Year Report, pp. 8 and C.

29
.  1969 End of Year Report, pp. 8 and C.

30
. 
“Tracking of Arrested Individuals” (Saigon, CORDS Public Safety Fact Sheet, L. M. Rosen, November 27, 1970).

31
.  “National Police Redeployment Concept” (Saigon, CORDS Public Safety Fact Sheet, L. M. Rosen, December 8, 1970).

CHAPTER
20: Reforms

1
.  Johnson,
A Study,
p. 406.

2
.  Ministry of Interior Circular 757, “Classification and Rehabilitation of Of fenders,” Saigon, March 21, 1969.

3
.  Johnson,
A Study,
p. 406.

4
.  Ministry of Interior Circular 2212, “Improvements of the Methods of Resolving the Status of Offenders,” Saigon, August 20, 1969.

5
.  Interview with Lien Johnson.

6
.  Interview with Harry Johnson.

7
.  Interview with Lien Johnson.

8
.  Interview with Tom Polgar.

9
.  Brady interview.

10
.  Karnow, pp. 440–441.

11
.  Johnson,
A Study,
pp. 374—375.

12
.  Enders interview.

13
.  Cited in “The Phoenix/Phung Hoang and Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU) Programs,” undated Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense, from General Abrams.

14
.  “The Phoenix/Phung Hoang and Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU) Programs.”

15
.  “The Phoenix/Phung Hoang and Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU) Programs.”

16
.  “The Phoenix/Phung Hoang and Provincial Reconnaissance Units (PRU) Programs.”

17
.  Interview with Jack.

18
.  Interview with Michael McCann.

19
.  Interview with Fred Dick.

CHAPTER
21: Decay

1
.  Huy, p. 139.

2
.  Huy, p. 146.

3
.  Lansdale, p. 343.

4
.  Snepp, p. 15
n
.

5
.  Scotton interview.

6
.  “Hearing on the Nomination of William Colby,” p. 58.

7
.  McGehee interview.

8
.  McGehee, pp. 153–154.

9
.  McGehee, p. 154.

10
.  McGehee, p. 154.

11
.  McGehee, p. 153.

12
.  Michael Maclear,
The Ten Thousand Day War
(New York: St. Martin's Press,1981), p. 261.

13
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam” (Foreign Operations and Government
Information Subcommittee, Committee on Government Operations, July 15, 16, 19, 21 and August 2, 1971), p. 105.

14
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 105.

15
.  Maclear, p. 263.

16
.  Snepp, p. 12.

17
.  Interview with Ed Murphy.

18
.  Erwin Knoll, “The Mysterious Project Phoenix,”
The Progressive,
February 1970.

19
.  Knoll.

20
.  Georgie Anne Geyer, “The CIA's Hired Killers,”
True,
February 1970.

CHAPTER 22: Hearings

1
. 
The New York Times,
February 17, 1970.

2
.  State Department Telegram 024391 from Clayton McManaway to William Sullivan, Subject: “Senate Hearings,” February 17, 1970.

3
.  Grieves interview.

4
.  Letter to the author from Nguyen Van Dai.

5
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 200.

6
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 201.

7
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 201.

8
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 201.

9
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 201.

10
.  Geyer.

11
.  Colby interview.

12
.  Neil Sheehan, “An American Soldier in Vietnam, Part III: An All-Round Man,”
The New Yorker,
June 20, 1988, pp. 54–55.

13
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 212.

14
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 118.

15
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 119.

16
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 120.

17
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 120.

18
.  Michael Drosnin, “Phoenix: The CIA's Biggest Assassination Program” (
New Times,
August 22, 1975), p. 19.

19
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 205.

20
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 205–206.

21
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 206.

22
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 206.

23
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 207.

24
.  “Vietnam Policy and Prospects 1970,” p. 104.

25
.  Huy, p. 141.

26
. 
The New York Times,
February 22, 1970.

27
.  “Phung Hoang/Phoenix Program” (Washington D.C.: The Joint Chiefs of Staff, August 15, 1970, Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense from Major General Frank B. Clay, Deputy Director, Joint Staff) (hereafter called the Clay memo), p. 2.

28
.  Clay memo, p. 8.

29
. 
Phung Hoang Adviser Handbook
(Saigon, MACCORDS, November 20, 1970), p. 10.

30
.  Colby, p. 268.

31
. 
Johnson,
A Study,
pp. 341–342.

32
.  Brady interview.

33
.  Murphy interview.

CHAPTER 23: Dissension

1
.  Karnow, p, 606.

2
.  Interview with Lucy Nhiem Hong Nguyen.

3
.  Karnow, p. 608.

4
.  Interview with Thomas P. McGrevey.

5
.  Karnow, p. 610.

6
.  Chomsky, p. 57–26.

7
.  Senate Committee on Foreign Relations: Cambodia, May 1970 Staff Report, p. 5.

8
.  Interview with Philip Agee in
Playboy,
March 1975, p. 60.

9
.  “Phung Hoang 1970 End of Year Report” (Saigon, MACCORDS, Phung Hoang Directorate, May 11, 1971), p. 43.

10
.  1970 End of Year Report, p. 13.

11
.  Karnow, p. 611.

12
.  Karnow, p. 612.

13
.  Karnow, p. 634.

CHAPTER 24: Transgressions

1
.  McCollum interview.

2
.  Parker interview.

3
.  “Calley Defense Asks Disclosure of Top-Secret Data on Song My,”
The New York Times,
August 25, 1970.

4
.  Wall interview.

5
.  Hersh, p. 87.

6
.  Hersh, p. 88.

7
.  Hersh, p. 88.

8
.  Hersh, p. 88.

9
.  Hersh, p. 88.

10
.  Myra MacPherson,
Long Time Passing
(New York: Signet, 1984), p. 625.

11
.  Joseph Goldstein,
The My Lai Massacre and Its Cover-up
(New York: The Free Press, 1976), p. 256.

12
.  Hersh, p. 93.

13
.  Hersh, p. 93.

14
.  Hersh, p. 95.

15
.  Goldstein, p. 145.

16
.  Hersh, p. 95.

17
.  Goldstein, p. 339.

18
.  Goldstein, p. 270.

19
.  Goldstein, p. 277.

20
.  Goldstein, p. 278.

21
.  Goldstein, p. 288.

22
.  Goldstein, p. 313.

23
.  Hersh, pp. 188–189.

24
.  MacPherson, p. 625.12.

25
. 
Interview with George Davis.

26
.  Jeffrey Stein and Michael T. Klare, “From the Ashes: Phoenix,”
Commonweal,
April 20, 1975, p. 159.

27
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 53.

28
.  Drosnin, p. 24.

29
.  Drosnin, p. 24.

30
.  Drosnin, p. 23.

31
.  Don Luce,
Hostages of War
(Indochina Resource Center, 1973) p. 26.

32
.  Luce, p. 27.

33
.  Luce, p. 24.

CHAPTER 25: Da Nang

1.  Interview with Daniel Jerry Bishop.

2.  Interview with Bill Taylor.

CHAPTER 26: Revisions

1
.  Clay memo, p. 2.

2
.  1970 End of Year Report, p. v.

3
.  1970 End of Year Report, p. 51.

4
.  “National Police Redeployment Concept.”

5
.  Dillard interview.

6
.  Luce, p. 30.

7
.  1970 End of Year Report, p. 19.

8
.  Thayer, p. 82.

9
.  Thayer, p. 99.

10
.  Grieves interview.

11
.  Thayer, p. 95.

12
.  Clay memo, p. 8.

13
.  Clay memo, p. 3.

14
.  Letter to the author from Harold Child.

15
.  Interview with Chester McCoid.

16
.  Kolon interview.

17
.  Interview with James Hunt.

18
.  Colby interview.

19
.  “Response to Ambassador Colby's Check List” (to William Sullivan, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, from Richard Funkhouser, Office of the Deputy for CORDS, II Field Force Vietnam, December 1, 1970).

20
.  Interview with Walt Burmester.

21
.  Enders interview.

22
.  Interview with Donald Gregg.

23
.  Clay memo, p. 7.

24
.  “Internal Security in South Vietnam—Phoenix,” December 12, 1970.

25
.  Interview with Paul Coughlin.

26
.  Acampora interview.20.

CHAPTER 27: Legalities

1
.  Johnson,
Planned Assassination.

2
.  Interview with William Phillips.

3
. 
The New York Times,
April 17, 1971, p. 5.

4
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 206.

5
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 192.

6
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 194.

7
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 195.

8
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 195.

9
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 197.

10
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 206.

11
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 207.

12
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 208.

13
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 208.

14
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 237.

15
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 251.

16
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 251.

17
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 252.

18
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 283.

19
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 313.

20
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 314.

21
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 315.

22
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 321.

23
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” Additional Views of Hon. Paul N. McCloskey, Jr. (Concurred in by Hon. Benjamin S. Rosenthal, Hon. John Conyers, Jr., and Hon. Bella S. Abzug), pp. 105–107.

24
.  “U.S. Assistance Programs in Vietnam,” p. 191.

25
.  Interview with Sid Towle.

26
.  Towle interview.

27
.  W. Gage McAfee, “End of Tour Report” (Saigon, CORDS PP&P, August 11, 1971), p. 5.

28
.  “End of Tour Report: W. Gage McAfee, Comments of Reviewing Officer” (Saigon, CORDS PP&P, undated, signed by Norman L. Sweet, Director, Plans, Policy and Programs), p. 2.

29.  “An Tri Reforms—Saigon 19140” (Cable to William H. Sullivan from U.S. State Department Legal Adviser Robert I. Starr, December 13, 1971).

CHAPTER 28: Technicalities

1
.  Interview with Cornelius J. O'Shea, Jr.

2
.  Coughlin interview.

3
.  Interview with George Hudman.