Muslim Fortresses in the Levant: Between Crusaders and Mongols (148 page)

154 Marshall,
Warfare
, 193, 206. Ibn
mentions that 500 Franks were counted among the dead. Ibn
, 397.

155 Pringle, D., “Towers of Crusader Palestine,”
Château Gaillard
16 (1994): 335–50.

156 Of the eighty Crusader towers listed by Pringle very few were rebuilt or occupied as military posts during the Mamluk period. The tower at the foot of Mount Tabor in the village of Dabbūriyya was rebuilt by
in 1213, but was destroyed by Baybars in 1263. The tower at Baisan was turned into a sugar mill during the Mamluk period; Burj
was probably destroyed by the Mamluks in 1265. Kurdana was initially destroyed by Baybars in 1267, though later it was restored and the mill was shared by Mamluks and Hospitallers. Pringle, D.,
Secular Buildings in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem
(Cambridge, 1997), 25, 39, 64.

157 Ibn Shaddād,
, vol. 2, pt. 2, 69–70.

158 Milwright, M., “Central and southern Jordan in the Ayyubid period: historical and archaeological perspective,”
JRAS
3 (2006), 26. On the early settlement of southern Jordan by the Franks see Walmsley, A., “ Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk Jordan and the Crusader interlude,” in
Th Archaeology of Jordan
, eds B. MacDonald, R. Adams and P. Bienkowski (Sheffield, 2001), 518–20.

159 Ibn Shaddād,
,
vol. 2, pt. 2, 73.

160 Ibn al-Athīr,
Kāmil
, vol. 2, 95–6; Ibn
,
Mufarrij
, vol. 5, 317.

161 Walmsley, “Jordan,” 521, 529, 531; Humphreys,
Saladin
, 285.

162 Humphreys,
Saladin
, 384.

163 The towns mentioned above were taken from al-Nāsīr Dāwūd when
Ayyūb rose to power. Ibn
,
Mufarrij
, vol. 5, 364; Humphreys,
Saladin
, 206.

164 Humphreys,
Saladin
, 296–7.

165 Amitai-Preiss,
Mongols
, 19–21, 76; Amitai-Preiss, R. “Hülegü and the Ayyubid Lord of Transjordan (more on the Mongol Governor of al-Karak),” in
Archibum Eurasiae Medii Aevi
, 9 (1995–7), ed. Th. T. Allsen, P. B. Golden, A. P. Martinez and Th. S. oonan (Wiesbaden, 1997), 5–16.

166 Ibn
, 150; Yūnīnī,
Dhayl
, vol. 1, 358; Amitai-Preiss,
Mongols
, 34; According to al-Yūnīnī, al-Mughīth was imprisoned in the Cairo citadel, where he was probably murdered by the sultan’s men. Thorau,
Baybars
, 136, n. 13.

167 Ibid., 163.

168 Al-Maqrīzī, Taqī al-Dīn
,
Ighāthat al Ummah bi-Kashf al-Ghummah
(Cairo, 1999), 28–9; Allouche, A.,
Mamluk Economics: A Study and Translation of al-Maqrīzī, Ighātha
(Salt Lake City, 1994), 44.