Jerusalem: The Biography (99 page)

Split in Jews between Hassidim and Perushim: Green 116–17; 1839 trip 119–32; Nicholas I and Montefiore 181; 1859–60 purchase of land for Montefiore Cottages 235–57; windmill 324–38; witty reply 1859 to Cardinal Antonelli ‘Not as much as I gave your lackey’ 277. On Montefiore legend in Russia, Chaim Weizmann,
Trial and Error
(henceforth Weizmann) 16. David F. Dorr,
A Colored Man Round the World by a Quadroon
183–4 and 186–7. G. Flaubert,
Notes de voyage
in vol. 19 of
Les Oeuvres complètes
19. Frederick Brown,
Flaubert: A Life
231–9, 247, 256–61; also Elon,
Jerusalem
37 and 139–41. Antony Sattin,
Winter on the Nile
17–18. Flaubert on Du Camp official mission: Ruth Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image: Christians and the Beginnings of Local Photography in 19th Century Ottoman Palestine’, in Anthony O’Mahony (ed.),
Christian Heritage in the Holy Land
181–91.

Americans: Oren
Power
236–47. Melville: Melville,
Journals
84–94; on Clarel 65–81. Obenzinger,
American Palestine
65–82, including Jew mania; Grant/Lincoln 161; on Blyden and Dorr 227–47. Knauf,
OJ
74–5. Alexander Kinglake,
Eothen
144–58, 161–2. Lynch, Jewish picnic outside walls: Gilbert,
Rebirth
51. On Gogol see note 12 above.

14
End of Crimean War, 1850s: Finkel 457–60. Elon,
Jerusalem
70–1. Gilbert,
Rebirth
67–9, 83–6. Finn 1.2–4, 78, 2.452. Ben-Arieh, 66–8. Hopwood,
Russian Presence
1–49. Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault,
Jérusalem
177–204. Gilbert,
Rebirth
51. Figes 415–16; Montefiore Balaclava Railway 418; brawl 464–5.

15
Montefiore: all quotations unless otherwise stated are from the
Diaries
. Green 176–94, 227, 35–53, 59; fifth visit 1857 63–9; Montefiore windmill and almshouses 1860 109–16; death of Judith 140; sixth visit 1866 171–86; Jerusalem views 338; awning for Wailing Wall and removal of slaughterhouse 332–3; pre-Zionist views, Jewish empire 320; negotiations with Ottomans 324. Rothschilds: Montefiore missions funded; Disraeli comment; reluctance to involve in Jordan; Ferguson, 418–422, and 1131. Melville on Montefiore, ‘this Croesus – a huge man of 75’: Melville,
Journals
91–4. Hurva Synagogue: Gilbert,
Rebirth
98–100. Ben-Arieh, 42–4. Visits and tensions: Finn diaries 197, 244; Montefiore and Col Gawlon Jewish settlements: Green 50–9.

Flaubert,
Notes de voyage
19. Brown,
Flaubert
231–9, 247, 256–61; also Elon,
Jerusalem
37 and 139–41. Flaubert on Du Camp official mission: W. B. Lincoln, Nicholas I, war and death 340–50. Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image’ 181–91.

16
Archaeologists and emperors, spiritual imperialism: Wasserstein 50–65. Robinson: Silberman 37–47, 63–72; Wilson 79–85; Warren 88–99; British Palestine Archaeology 79, 86, 113–27; Bliss on Mount Zion 147–60; German archaeology 165–70. French: Ben-Arieh, 169; frenzy to identify biblical sites 183–5. Saulcy: Goldhill,
City of Longing
216. Gilbert,
Rebirth
, on Robinson and Smith xxii, 4–7 and 65–7; on Warren 128–35; Jewish principality a separate kingdom guaranteed by the Great Powers 128–32. American missionaries and archaeologists, Robinson: Oren,
Power
135–7; U. S. Grant and American visitors 236–8. Lane Fox,
Unauthorized Version
216–19. Kark on Robinson 29–30. Obenzinger,
American Palestine
, on Titus Tobler 253. Ben-Arieh, 183–5. Ruth Hummel, ‘Imperial Pilgrim: Franz Josef’s Journey to the Holy Land in 1869’, in M. Wrba (ed.),
Austrian Presence in the Holy Land
158–77. Russians: Simon Dixon, ‘A Stunted International: Russian Orthodoxy in the Holy Land in the 19th Century’, draft paper. Romanov pilgrimages: N. N. Lisovoy and P. V. Stegniy,
Rossiya v Svyatoy Zemle: Dokumenty i materialy
1.125–7; Grand Duke Constantine 1859 visit 128–35. Hopwood,
Russian Presence
, Grand Duke Constantine 51. Russian pilgrims: Bertha Spafford Vester,
Our Jerusalem
(henceforth Vester) 86–7. Spiritual imperialism: Wasserstein 50–65.

British, American and German archaeology, Silberman 113–27; 147–53–70; Moabite Stone 100–12; Moses Shapira 131–40. Americans: Obenzinger,
American Palestine
, 161. Consuls and Selah Merrill: Kark 128–30 and 323–5. British royals: Gilbert,
Rebirth
109–14 and 177–80. Rider Haggard,
A Winter Pilgrimage
267. Edward Lear in Elon,
Jerusalem
142; 1881 Crown Prince Rudolf 144–5. Kitchener/ Gordon: Gilbert,
Rebirth
187. Pollock,
Kitchener: Saviour of the Realm
29–37 and 31. Kitchener photographs Muristan, in Boas,
Jerusalem
160. Gordon in Goldhill,
City of Longing
21; Elon,
Jerusalem
147; Grabar, 16.

17
1860–9: Hummel, ‘Imperial Pilgrims’ 158–77. Russians: Dixon, ‘A Stunted international.’ Lisovoy and Stegniy,
Rossiya v Svyatoy Zemle
1.125–45. Hopwood,
Russian Presence
51. Vester 86–7. Wasserstein 50–65.

18
Edward W. Blyden,
From West Africa to Palestine
9–12 on Jerusalem mind; arrival 165; Holy Sepulchre 166; Bible in hand 170; black Muslims 180; Wall 280–3; second coming 199. Obenzinger,
American Palestine
161–2; Blyden and Dorr 227–47. Mark Twain, Mediterranean Hotel and Ariel Sharon: see
Haaretz
15 July 2008. Quotations from Mark Twain,
The Innocents Abroad, or the New Pilgrims’ Progress
. Green: Judith Montefiore 140; visit 1866, 171–86; views 338; awning for Wailing Wall and removal of slaughterhouse; 332–3. U. S. Grant, Twain, Lincoln: Oren,
Power
189, 236–8, 239–47. On archaeology, picturesque visions, new travel: Mazower
Salonica
205–21.

19
Yusuf Khalidi and Ottoman Jerusalem: Alexander Scholch, ‘An Ottoman Bismarck from Jerusalem: Yusuf Diya al-Khalidi’,
JQ
24, Summer 2005. K. Kasmieh, ‘The Leading Intellectuals of late Ottoman Jerusalem’, in
OJ
37–42. Execution: Warren quoted in Goldhill,
City of Longing
, 146. Conrad, ‘Khalidi Library,’
OJ
191–209. Arab mansions, Ben-Arieh, 74–6. Martin Drow, ‘The Hammams of Ottoman Jerusalem’,
OJ
518–24. Arab mansions: Sharif M. Sharif, ‘Ceiling Decoration in Jerusalem during the Late Ottoman Period: 1856–1917’, in
OJ
473–8. Houses, slaves, women: Susan Roaf, ‘Life in 19th-Century Jerusalem’, in
OJ
389–414. Clothes: Nancy Micklewright, ‘Costume in Ottoman Jerusalem’, in
OJ
294–300. Ott, ‘Songs and Musical Instruments of Ottoman Jerusalem’, in
OJ
301–20. Wasif Jawhariyyeh,
Al Quds Al Othmaniyah Fi Al Muthakrat Al Jawhariyyeh
on Jewish Purim shared with other sects 1.68; Jewish Picnic at Simon the Just tomb and singing of Christian, Muslim and Spanish Jewish songs 1.74; musicians, belly dancers, Jews and Muslims 1.148. Salim Tamari, ‘Jerusalem’s Ottoman Modernity: The Times and Lives of Wasif Jawhariyyeh’, and ‘Ottoman Jerusalem in the Jawhariyyeh Memoirs’,
JQ 9
, Summer 2000. Vera Tamari, ‘Two Ottoman Ceremonial Banners in Jerusalem’, in
OJ
317. Joseph B. Glass and Ruth Kark, ‘Sarah la Preta: A Slave in Jerusalem’,
JQ
34, Spring 2009. Sephardic Jews shared festivals, circumcision,
matzah
, welcome after
haj
, Sephardis pray for rain at request of Muslim leaders, Valero relations with Nashashibis and Nusseibehs: Ruth Kark and Joseph B. Glass, ‘The Valero Family: Sephardi–Arab Relations in Ottoman and Mandatory Jerusalem’, in
OJ
21, August 2004. Greek Orthodox anti-Semitism/ Easter songs – reported by British visitors 1896: Janet Soskice,
Sisters of the Sinai
237. On Arabs calling Jews ‘Jews sons of Arabs’ see Wasif Jawhariyyeh, diary, note 4, Zionism section. Weddings. Pappe 53 and 97–8.

Nusseibehs’ castle house: Sari Nusseibeh,
Country
48–9. Khalidis, Khalidi Library: Nazmi al-Jubeh, ‘The Khalidiyah Library’,
JQ
3, Winter 1999. Conrad, ‘Khalidi Library’,
OJ
191–205. Author interview with Haifa Khalidi. Ajami, ‘Hidden Treasure’,
Saudi Aramco World Magazine
. Kasmieh, ‘Leading Intellectuals of Late OttomanJerusalem’,
OJ
37–42. Husseinis: Illan Pappe, ‘The Rise and Fall of the Husaynis’, Part 1,
JQ
10, Autumn2000; ‘The Husayni Family Faces New Challenges: Tanzimat, Young Turks, the Europeans and Zionism, 1840–1922’, Part 2,
JQ
11–12, Winter 2001. New wealth of the Families: Pappe 87–91.

Nahda:
Rogan138–9. Nationalism: Krämer 120–8, all nations develop in the light of history, modern articulation of imagined communities etc., but opposition not yet based on Arab Palestinian identity. Nabi Musa: Wasserstein 103. Privatizationof
waqfs
: Gabriel Baer, ‘Jerusalem Notables and the Waqf’, in Kushner,
Palestine in the Late Ottoman Period
109–21. Yankee Doodle: Vester 181; Nabi Musa/Sufis 114–17; kerosene lamps 69; Ramadan fair, peepshows, horseraces 118. Clan-fighting around Jerusalem: Rafeq,
OJ
32–6.

Photography: Victor-Hummel, ‘Culture and Image’ 181–91.

Abdul Hamid: Finkel 488–512. Herzl onAbdul Hamid. Tuchman292. Jonathan Schneer,
The Balfour Declaration: the Origins of the Arab–Israeli Conflict
(henceforth Schneer), on Abdul-Hamid 17–18. Cohen,
Sacred Esplanade
216–26. Eclectic building in imperial age: Kroyanker 101–41. On numbers of foreign monasteries and monks: Mouradian, ‘Les Chrétiens’, in Nicault,
Jérusalem
77–204. 17,000 Jews: Brenner 267.

American Colony: this account is based on Vester. Family: Vester 1–64; the Husseini house 93 and 187; Gordon 102–4; Jacob and Hezekiah, Siloam Tunnel 95–8; simples and lunatics 126–41; Dutch countess 89.
Detroit News
23 March 1902. See: J. F. Geniesse,
American Priestess
. OnOvercomers vs Selah Merrill, anti-Semitism: Oren,
Power
281–3. Kark 128–30 and 323–5. Husseinis and schools: Pappe 104–7.

Schick and his buildings, new styles of late nineteenth century including French, British, Russian, Greek and Bokhara areas: Kroyanker 101–41. Abdul Hamid: Finkel 488–512. Archaeological national expeditions and rivalries: Silberman 113–27; 147–70; 100–12. Kark on consuls/Selah Merrill 128–30; 323–5.

20
Gilbert,
Rebirth
14 and 177–80; Kitchener/Gordon 187. Haggard,
Winter Pilgrimage
267. Edward Lear inElon,
Jerusalem
142; Rudolf 144–5. Pollock,
Kitchener
29–37. Kitchener photographs Boas,
Jerusalem
160. Gordon in Goldhill,
City of Longing
21; Elon,
Jerusalem
147; Grabar,
Shape of the Holy
16. Russians: Dixon, ‘A stunted international’. Russians and Westerners: Stephen Graham,
With the Russian Pilgrims to Jerusalem
(henceforth Graham) – clothes, sea journey, obsession with death 3–10; Montenegrin guide 35; life in Compound 40–2; Romanov visits and charges in Compound 44–6; ludicrous English tourists 55; Holy Sepulchre 62–4; corruption in Jerusalem, the Jew Factory, corrupt degenerate priests 69–76; pageant of Easter and Holy Fire 101–10; Arab women selling booze in Compound 118; Holy Fire 126–8; meetings in the street 130–2. Lisovoi and Stegnii,
Rossiia v Sviatoi Zemle
1.125–7; diary of Archimandrite Antonin 1881 and visits of Grand Duke Sergei 1888 1.147–60. Palestine Society and Russian Compound: Hopwood,
Russian Presence
70–115. Christopher Warwick,
Ella: Princess, Saint and Martyr:
Sergei character and first visit 85–101; visit with Ella 143–53; Jewish pogrom Moscow 162–6. Tsarist policies and pogroms: Brenner 238–43. Vester 86–7. Jewish
aliyah
: Ben-Arieh 78. Modernization and Ottoman reforms, Arab reactions: Krämer 120–8. Nusseibeh,
Country
48–9. Al-Jubeh, ‘Khalidiyah Library’. Kasmieh, ‘Leading Intellectuals of Late Ottoman Jerusalem’,
OJ
37–42. Anti-Zionist measures: Pappe 115–17.