Jerusalem: The Biography (103 page)

24
1947/Farran: Rogan 251–62. Krämer 310–12. Pappe 328–41. Gilbert,
JTC
186–271. Gilbert,
Churchill and the Jews
, speech ‘senseless squalid war’ 261–7. The Farran story is based on David Cesarani,
Major Farran’s Hat
:
Murder, Scandal and Britain’s War against Jewish Terrorism 1945–8
: Montgomery’s crackdown and rising terrorism 10–58; Farran character 63–81; policing style and kidnapping 90–8; trial 173–4.
The Times
6 June 2006 obituary. Ben-Gurion price of statehood: Wasserstein 125. Montgomery at Katy Antonius: author interview with N. Nashashibi. Truman ‘Biblical scholar’: Clark Clifford quoted in Rose,
Senseless Squalid War
73. US-Soviet attitude to Palestine: Morris,
1948
24–5. McCullough,
Truman
415, 595–620. Truman, put an underdog on top: Gilbert,
Churchill and the Jews
266. Anti-Jewish comments by British officials: Efraim Karsh,
Palestine Betrayed
quoting Cunningham 75. Katy Antonius and Barker: Segev,
Palestine
480, 499; also Katy Antonius obituary,
The Times
8 December 1984; author interview with N. Nashashibi: Bird 16–18 and 37–43. Churchill on anti-Semitism among British officials: Gilbert C
hurchill, and the Jews
190; Irgun vilest gangsters 270. British security forces: Andrew,
Defence of the Realm
352–66; Keith Jefferey,
MI6
689–97.

25
1947–May 1948, Deir Yassin and Abd al-Kadir Husseini: Rogan 251–62. Wasserstein 133–424; Nigel Clive quote on clapping children, 150. Abd al-Kadir Husseini, character: Hadi,
Palestinian Personalities
.

Ben-Gurion: Oz,
Tale
424. Dayan 48–74. Yitzhak Rabin,
The Rabin Memoirs
(henceforth Rabin): childhood 1–10; battle for Jerusalem 16–27. Krämer 310–12. Gilbert,
JTC
186–271. Nusseibeh,
Country
38–56, including appeal to Abdullah; heroic Abd al-Kadir Husseini 52–4; fighting after UN vote 43; father shot 56. Fighting at Montefiore between Jews, Arab and British: during the Montefiore battle, 10 February 1948: Avraham-Michael Kirshenbaum was killed by British sniper at Montefiore Battle. Nusseibeh,
Jerusalemites
64–5. End of Mandate: Wasif 2.603–5. Abd el-Kadir Husseini: Wasif 2.601–2. Budeiri, ‘Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold’,
JQ
3, Winter/Spring 2001. Abdullah: Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
20–49. On Gaza Palestine government: Shlaim,
Israel and Palestine
37–53. Oz,
Tale
318–21; Ben-Gurion diary quoted at 333; UN vote 343. On mufti’s role: Achcar 153–6.

This account of the war is based on Morris,
1948
, including Plan D 121; also on Shindler,
History
; Pappe 336–41; Rogan;
Nakhba
personal account by Wasif. Wasif 2.603–5. War, Abd al-Kadir Husseini and breakdown: Nusseibeh,
Jerusalemites
59–77. Declaration of independence and choice of state names: Shindler,
History
38–42; Ben-Gurion’s views 43–4 and 99–100; war and troop numbers 46. Arab Liberation Army, 5,000 troops maximum: Morris,
1948
: 90; Jerusalem under Abd al-Kadir Husseini 91; civil war 93–132, including Plan D 122; Husseini poem and Kastel, mutilation of bodies at Kastel 121–5; Deir Yassin 126–8; 13 April attack on Hadassah ambulances 128–9; battle for Jerusalem 129–32. Bertha Spafford Vester and intervention in Arab ambush of Hadassah convoy: Bird 11. Abd al-Kadir Husseini, Deir Yassin and revenge and postcards of corpses, Plan D: Rogan 255–61. War 262–9 and the Catastrophe,
Nakhba
, origin of word Achcar 268–9. Katy Antonius mansion and letters found: Segev 480, 499. Bird 16 and 37–43. Battle of Jerusalem: Bar-Zohar,
Ben-Gurion
164–70. Abd al-Kadir Husseini and brother Khaled: Pappe 334–5.

26
Unless stated otherwise, this account of the war is based on Morris,
1948
; Rogan 262–9, Pappe 323–41; and Shindler,
History
45–9. Regular war 1948–9, Abdullah: Abdullah bin Hussein, King of Jordan,
Memoirs
142–203. Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
20–49. Storrs 135. Luke,
Cities and Men
243 and 248. Abdullah: Lawrence 67–9, 219–21. On Abdullah character: Hussein bin Talal, King Hussein of Jordan,
Uneasy Lies the Head
1–18. Rabin 16–27. John Glubb,
A Soldier with the Arabs
, on Abdullah 50–5, 271–5; the battle 105–31; on Jerusalem 43–4, 213. Abdullah, ‘I want to be the rider’: Karsh,
Palestine Betrayed
96. Burial of Hussein I in Burgoyne,
Mamluk Jerusalem
358. The account of Abdullah and negotiations is based on Avi Shlaim,
The Collusion across the Jordon
, and Benny Morris,
The Road to Jerusalem: Glubb Pasha, Palestine and the Jews
. Krämer 315–19. Destruction in Jewish Quarter: Elon,
Jerusalem
81.

Assassination: author interview with witness N. Nashashibi. Hussein,
Uneasy Lies the Head
1–9. Glubb,
Soldier with the Arabs
275–9; Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
398–417. Pappe on assassination, and Musa al-Husseini 313 and 343–5. Nusseibeh,
Country
62–75. Nashashibi 20–1, 215–20. Budeiri, ‘Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold’,
JQ
3, Winter/Spring 2001. Split Jerusalem: Nusseibeh,
Country
59–64; Jordanian city 64–94. Oz,
Tale
369–70. Fall of Jerusalem: Begin 160. King of Jerusalem: Wasserstein 165; nobody takes Jerusalem 169; Nabi Musa 188; lions and zoo 182. Nusseibeh,
Jerusalemites
59–77. Weizmann, Swiss president, Weidenfeld Jerusalem campaign: Weidenfeld,
Remembering My Good Friends
201–20. Author interviews with Lord Weidenfeld. Let Jews have Jerusalem: Churchill quoted by John Shuckburgh in Gilbert,
Churchill and the Jews
292. Weizmann on dislike of Jerusalem as president: Weizmann 169. Battle of Jerusalem: Bar-Zohar,
Ben-Gurion
164–70. Truman, ‘I am Cyrus’: Oren,
Power
501.

27
King Hussein 1951–67. Succession and early reign: Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
49; PLO 218–27; war 235–51. Nigel Ashton,
King Hussein of Jordan: A Political Life
(henceforth Ashton) 13–26; war 113–20. Hussein,
Uneasy Lies the Head
110. Mufti’s last visit March 1967; Pappe 346; Arafat, Mufti’s heir 337. Renovations of Dome etc.: Cresswell in
OJ
415–21. Author interview with Princess Firyal of Jordan. Goldhill,
City of Longing
38. Nusseibeh,
Country
62–8; father’s career 72–5; rise of Arafat, Fatah 62–94. Budeiri, ‘Chronicle of a Defeat Foretold’,
JQ
3, Winter/Spring 2001. Oz,
Tale
70. Mandelbaum Gate – not gate not Mandelbaum, snipers, divided city/ population: Wasserstein 40, 180–2, 191–2, 200. Life in divided Jerusalem, Mandelbaum Gate, return of Katy Antonius, small town, Bertha Spafford Vester: Bird 10–11; Katy Antonius, dragon and flirt, café 16–20; quotation by Kai Bird on ‘jarring series of ad hoc fences’ 19; Mandelbaums 20–4; Russian émigré vs Soviet Churches and CIA payments 32, including Kai Bird quotation on Cold War in Jerusalem (as ardently as Berlin alleyways); Orient House hotel 33.

Nasser discusses Jerusalem: author interview with N. Nashashibi. Orthodox Jews: Yakov Lupo and Nitzan Chen, ‘The Ultra-Orthodox’, in O. Ahimeir and Y. Bar-Simon-Tov (eds),
Forty Years in Jerusalem
65–95. Also: Yakov Loupo and Nitzan Chen, ‘The Jerusalem Area Ultra-Orthodox Population’, ms. Elon,
Jerusalem
189–94. Ben-Gurion and Eichmann: interview with Yitzhak Yaacovy. Haram quiet, few Muslim visitors in 1950s: Oleg Grabar,
Sacred Explanade
388. Hussein, PLO, United Kingdom plan: Nusseibeh,
Jerusalemites
133–53.

28
Six Day War: this is based on Michael B. Oren,
Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East
; Tom Segev,
1967: Israel, the War and the Year that Transformed the Middle East
; Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
; Jeremy Bowen,
Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East
; and Rogan 333–43, including Nasser–Amer conversation; and Nasser hope to claim victory without war, post-war Palestinian nationalism/Arafat 343–53. Nasser not Abdullah: Nashashibi 228. Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
235–51. Ashton 113–20. Dayan 287–381. Gilbert,
JTC
272–97. Dayan personality: Shindler,
History
101. On Dayan: author conversation with Shimon Peres. Michael Bar-Zohar,
Shimon Peres: A Biography
87–90. Bar-Zohar,
Ben-Gurion
on Dayan’s sex life 118–19. Dayan character: Ariel Sharon,
Warrior
76, 127, 222.

29
Wall liberated: Dayan 13–17. On Dayan: author conversation with Shimon Peres. Ashton 118–20, Shlaim,
Lion of Jordon
248–51 and 258. Hussein weeps for city: Noor, Queen of Jordan,
Leap of Faith
, 75–7.

E
PILOGUE

1
1967–present: population Wasserstein 212, 328–38; peace plans 345; white flight of secular Jews, falling proportion of Jews from 74 per cent in 1967 to 68 per cent in 2000. Forty peace plans for Jerusalem: Shlaim,
Israel and
Palestine 229, also 25–36; on Jerusalem 253–60. Population in 2000 including 140,000 Orthodox Jews: Loupo and Chen, ‘Ultra-Orthodox’, Ahimeir and Bar-Simon-Tov,
Forty Years in
Jerusalem 65–95. Population 2008: figures based on Jerusalem Institute for Israel Studies. After 1967 and Resolution 339 Rogan 242. ‘Jerusalem’s Settlements’,
The Economist
3 July 2010 ‘Jerusalem Mayor Handing City to Settlers’
Haaretz
,22 February 2010 and ‘Jerusalem Master Plan’,
Haaretz
, 28 June 2010. Jerusalem Syndrome: Yair Bar-El et al.,
British Journal of Psychiatry
176 (2000) 86–90.

2
This cursory account of the political developments since 1967 is based, unless otherwise stated, on: Krämer; Rogan; Shindler,
History
. Arafat and Fatah: Rogan 343–53; Hussein recognition of PLO to West Bank 378; First Intifada, Hamas and Nusseibeh and Faisal Husseini roles 429–37 and 465–7; Netanyahu settlements 476; Second Intifada 478–9. PLO years: Achcar 211–31. Pappe: Arafat 337 and 351 (Husseini connection); Faisal al-Husseini 348–9. On ideology of settlement of Jerusalem and West Bank: Ariel Sharon,
Warrior
354–72; ‘how to secure Jerusalem as permanent capital of the Jewish people … to create an outer ring of development around Arab neighbourhoods’ 359; ‘flow of pioneering nationalism’ 364. On Menachem Begin and redemptionist/maximalist Judaism: Shindler,
History
147–50. On peace talks: Shlomo Ben-Ami,
Scars of War, Wounds of Peace
, on Sadat and Begin 146–71; the Oslo talks and Arafat on Jerusalem 247–84. In my conclusion, I have been greatly helped by the following outstanding works on history, nationalism and cities: Sylvia Auld and Robert Hillenbrand,
Ottoman Jerusalem: Living City 1517–1917
; Philip Mansel,
Levant: Splendour and Catastrophe on the Mediterranean
; Mark Mazower,
Salonica: City of Ghosts
; Adam LeBor,
City of Oranges: Jews and Arabs in Jaffa
. Palestinian portraits written with reference to: Hadi,
Palestinian Personalities
. Modern Russian links to Jerusalem: ‘Where Pity Meets Power’,
The Economist
19 December 2009. Archaeology: see Raphael Greenberg, ‘Extreme Exposure: Archaeology in Jerusalem 1967–2007’,
Conservation and Management of Archaeological Sites 2009
, vol. 11, 3–4, 262–81.