Jerusalem: The Biography (101 page)

Offer of Wailing Wall to Jews: Henry Morgenthau,
United States Diplomacy on the Bosphorus: The Diaries of Ambassador Morgenthau 1913–1916
400: thanks to George Hintlian for bringing this to my attention. Jemal and Jews/Albert Antebi exiled October 1916; asks Jemal ‘What have you done to my Jerusalem?’: Marcus,
Jerusalem 1913
138–44; 156–9. Jews, deportations, tired of hangings, Aaronsohn/ NILI: Karsh 166–70. Jemal’s peace offer: Raymond Kevorkian,
Le Génocide des Arméniens
ch.
7
. Prostitution: Vester 264. Leah Tennenbaum and Villa Leah: Segev,
Palestine
7. On Jemal, Leah Tennenbaum, feasts, and bons mots on Three Pashas see Conde de Ballobar,
Diario de Jerusalén
– 26 May 1915 and 9 July 1916. On analysis of Ballobar, see R. Mazza, ‘Antonio de la Cierva y Lewita: Spanish Consul in Jerusalem 1914–1920’, and ‘Dining Out in Times of War’,
JQ
40, Winter 2009, and 41, Spring 2010. On ‘bon garçon’ Jemal by Ballobar: Storrs 303–4. See also R. Mazza,
Jerusalem from the Ottomans to the British
.

10
Portrait of Lawrence is based on Jeremy Wilson,
Lawrence of Arabia: The Authorized Biography of T. E. Lawrence
, until otherwise stated. Lawrence, action and reflection: Wilson,
Lawrence
19; on Sherif Hussein 656 and unfit to govern 432; Lawrence views pro-Brit pro-Arab 445; ‘tragi-comic’ demands of Sherif 196; Hogarth on Lawrence as moving spirit of McMahon and Revolt 213; early plan for Jerusalem book of
Seven Pillars
74; Jerusalem and Beirut, shop-soiled hotel servants 184–5; on the McMahon letters and negotiations, and plan to include Jerusalem in Egypt 212–18; Gertrude Bell on Lawrence intelligence 232; Lawrence on characters of Abdullah and Faisal 305–9 and 385–7; his concept of guerilla warfare and insurgency 314; killing, Buffalo Bill 446; on sexual comedy 44; 27 Articles on how to lead an Arab insurgency 960–5; clothes 333–5; Sykes 230–3; can’t stand lies 410–12; Sykes–Picot, Lawrence informs Faisal 361–5; Aqaba plan 370–81; executes murderer 383; American description of Lawrence at Versailles 604–5. Lawrence lack of scruples, ‘genius for backing into the limelight’: Margaret Macmillan,
Peacemakers: The Paris Peace Conference of 1919 and its Attempt to End War
399–401. George Antonius,
The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement
8–12, 245–50. Rogan 150–7. Karsh on Lawrence and Arab Revolt: man with the gold 191. Janet Wallach,
Desert Queen: The Extraordinary Life of Gertrude Bell:
imp 299. Hashemite/Sherifian dynasty: Avi Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan: The Life of King Hussein in War and Peace
1–10. Schneer 24–6. Lawrence: Storrs 467 and 202. Silberman 190–2. Sherifian descent and family: Lawrence 48; Abdullah too clever 64–7, 219–20; Faisal Arab clothes 129; Lawrence character, ‘brain as quick and silent as a wild cat’ 580–1; egotistical curiosity 583; Faisal pity 582. Arab Revolt: Karsh 199–221; Sykes–Picot 222–43. Karl E. Meyer and S. B. Brysac,
Kingmakers: The Invention of the Modern Middle East
on Arab Revolt, Sykes–Picot 107–13. Karsh: 171–221; Sykes–Picot 222–46. Fromkin 218–28; Kitchener and views of Wingate and Storrs 88–105 and 142; Sykes 146–9; McMahon 173–87; Sykes–Picot 188–99. The best detailed account of McMahon remains Elie Kedourie,
In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth: The McMahon–Husayn Correspondence and its Interpretations
. Schneer gives an excellent account 32–48 and 64–74.

11
Arab Revolt/British advance/Falkenhayn: Papen, 7–84. Jemal shows Falkenhayn Dome:
OJ
276. Antonius,
Arab Awakening
8–12, 245–50. Rogan 150–7. Shlaim,
Lion of Jordan
1–10. Lawrence: Storrs 467 and 202; Silberman 190–2. On Sherifians: Lawrence 48, 64–7, 219–20, 129, 582; on himself 580–3. Taking of Aqaba and report to Allenby: Wilson,
Lawrence
400–20; rape at Deraa 462–4. Arab Revolt: Karsh 171–221; Sykes–Picot 22–43. Meyer and Brysac,
Kingmakers
107–13. Fromkin 88–105, 142; Sykes 146–9, 218–28; McMahon 173–87; Sykes–Picot 188–99; Jemal terror 209–11; Jemal bids for power himself 214–15. Jemal peace offer. S. McMeekin,
Berlin-Baghdad Express
294–5. Scheer 87–103; on NILI ring 171–2. Enver visit: Wasif 1.232–3. Enver/wartime Jerusalem: Vester 246–71. On spy-rings, Sakakini, Levine, Jemal terror, brothels, NILI: Manna, ‘Between Jerusalem and Damascus’,
JQ
22–23, Autumn/Winter 2005 (quoting Turkish security policeman Aziz Bey). Sakakini and Levine: Segev,
Palestine
13–15. Aaronsohn: Fromkin 309. Marcus,
Jerusalem 1913
149–51.

12
Balfour, Lloyd George, Weizmann: Documents, motives and process of Declaration drafting: Doreen Ingrams (ed.),
Palestine Papers, 1917–1922: Seeds of Conflict
7–18, quoting from William Ormsby-Gore memo on origins Declaration 7–8; on hopes to win Russian/US support; Balfour memo to Cabinet 9; Cabinet minutes 31 October quoting Balfour 16. John Grigg,
Lloyd George: War Leader
339–57, especially 347–9 on Weizmann; Lloyd George to Weizmann quote; Samuel cold and dry; Asquith to Venetia Stanley on Lloyd George keeping Jerusalem from atheistic France; on Zionism serving British empire 349. R. J. Q. Adams,
Balfour: The Last Grandee
330–5. MacMillan,
Peacemakers
: on Lloyd George character 43–51; on Balfour’s frivolity, silk handkerchief, Jewish genius, Zionism only worthy thing he did 424–6. Krämer 148–54 and 167. Segev,
Palestine
33–50. Balfour on propaganda in Russia and America: Rogan 153–6. Weizmann: Hebrew university 100; first meeting with Balfour 143–5; 1906 Jerusalem, university land bought, why Jerusalem, 169–76 and 181; C. P. Scott, Lloyd George’s account not true, may get Jerusalem 190–8; ‘I … a Yid’ 207; opponents of Zionism, Claude Montefiore, Leopold de Rothschild, Edwin Montagu 200–30 and 252; religious old statesmen 226; maze of personal relationships 228; Germany negotiates with Zionists 234–5; drafting of Declaration 252–62; Weizmann mistaken for Lenin 358. Weizmann as well-nourished Lenin: MacMillan,
Peacemakers
423. Sykes on Jews/black people, Schneer 44–6; Lloyd George on Samuel’s race, 126; on British Jews, Zionists vs Assimilationists, Rothschilds, Montefiores 124–61, Sykes on Power of Jews 166–8; power to Zion, Armenians, Arabs (Sykes), on possible Ottoman peace 349–59, Curzon quote 350.

German Zionists, negotiations with German Ottomans (Jemal), Talaat’s promise to German ambassador, and British alarm at Zionism as German idea (Sir Ronald Graham); McMeekin,
Berlin-Baghdad Express
340–51.

Herbert Samuel,
Memoirs
140. Meyer and Brysac,
Kingmakers
112–26. Max Egremont,
Balfour
293–6. Karsh 247–58. Fromkin 276–301, including Leo Amory on Bible, Brandeis and Wilson. Avi Shlaim,
Israel and Palestine
3–24. Lloyd George grabbing Palestine: Rose,
Senseless Squalid War
16–17. Karsh 247–58. Gilbert,
Churchill and the Jews
: Churchill, Weizmann and acetone 23–30; biblical prophet 95. George Weidenfeld,
Remembering My Good Friends
201–20, on Weizmann, character and style. Lord Rothschild support for Zionism: Ferguson 977–81. Early Zionist views: Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”,’
JQ
32, Autumn 2007.

13
Fall of city/surrender. Allenby’s orders from Lloyd George, Jerusalem by Christmas: Grigg,
Lloyd George: War Leader
339–43. Germans unmoved by withdrawal, Storrs 303–5; mayor well bred 292. Alter Levine and Sakakini: Marcus,
Jerusalem 1913
149–51. Levine and Sakakini, Sakakini quote on artillery: Segev,
Palestine
30. Moshe Goodman, ‘Immortalizing a Historic Moment: The Surrender of Jerusalem’, in
Cathedra
3.280–2. Vester 273–80. Husseinis meeting; marriageable virgins; blouse and bedsheets: Pappe 162–6. Diary of Bishop Mesrob Neshanian quoted in Hintlian, ‘First World War in Palestine and Msgr. Franz Fellinger’, in Wrba,
Austrian Presence
179–93. Rumours, debate with Sakakini, Germans vs Turks on surrender: Tamari, ‘Last Feudal Lord in Palestine’,
JQ
16, November 2002. Manna, ‘Between Jerusalem and Damascus’,
JQ
22–23, Autumn/Winter 2005. Diary: K. Sakakini 20 January 1920. Arab Syrian nationalism: Nasser Eddin Nashashibi,
Jerusalem’s Other Voice: Ragheb Nashashibi and Moderation in Palestinian Politics 1920–1948
(henceforth Nashashibi) 134–5, 130–1; Ben-Gurion and Alami on small sofa 69. Faisal and Weizmann: Krämer 158–62. Carriage stolen from American Colony: Frederick Vester to Storrs 14 March 1919, American Colony Hotel archive. Anti-Semitic frenzy of Turks in Jerusalem: Ballobar,
Diario
30 November 1917.

14
Allenby: Grigg,
Lloyd George: War Leader
342–5. Wasif 2.280. Storrs 305–7. Lawrence 330; on Jerusalem 341, 553; Lawrence rape at Deraa, entry into city, thoughts of rape as Allenby speaks; effects of rape trauma later 668. Absurdly boyish: Wilson,
Lawrence
459–66: Gilbert,
JTC
45–61. Segev,
Palestine
23–4 and 50–5. Allenby’s book: Meyer and Brysac,
Kingmakers
109. Allenby and Storrs in Jerusalem: Fromkin 308–29. War Office advice: Elon,
Jerusalem
167. Vester 278–80. Allenby and Crusader comments to Husseini and to Nusseibehs: Nusseibeh,
Jerusalemites
426–7. Thanks to my cousin Kate Sebag-Montefiore for researching William Sebag-Montefiore’s role in Palestine. Thanks to Peter Sebag-Montefiore and his daughter Louise Aspinall for the private archive of Major Geoffrey Sebag-Montefiore: reports quoted of 24 April 1918 (sex with local women); VD prevalent 11 June 1918; VD rampant 16 June 1918; guarding holy places 23 June 1918; Desert Mounted Corps in brothels 29 June 1918; brothels troublesome and VD rampant 14 July 1918; brothels moved, thirty-seven arrested 18 August 1918; women astray 1 September 1918; brothels VD, nothing else to report 8 September 1918; Australians in brothels 13 October 1918 and 18 November 1918. Pappe 165–75: Maghrebis interested in sale of Wall 234.

15
Storrs, most brilliant: Lawrence 56–7. Lawrence visits and meets Lowell Thomas: Wilson,
Lawrence
489; Faisal and Lawrence’s attitude to Zionism, hope for Zionist Jewish advisers and financiers for Faisal Syria, Lawrence on Zionism and letter to Sykes, Faisal meetings with Weizmann near Aqaba and in London 442–4, 513–14, 514 and 576–7; on 12 December 1918 meeting in London, Faisal and Weizmann, Faisal says there is room in Palestine for 4–5 million Jews 593. Shindler,
Military Zionism
61–7. Ben-Gurion article ‘Towards the Future’ on sharing Palestine, on Jabotinsky and article ‘Iron Wall’ 1923: Shindler,
History
26–30; Jabotinsky, Fascists, Duce as buffalo 131. Weizmann: Jabotinsky 86; on Allenby, Storrs,
Protocols of Elders of Zion
265–81, 273; on Faisal meetings and Lawrence 293–6; founding of Hebrew University 296; Nabi Musa riots 317–21.
Protocols of Elders of Zion
: Aaronovitch,
Voodoo Histories
22–48. Early Zionist attitude: Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”’,
JQ
32, Autumn 2007. Pappe 166–87: Grand Muftiship; Husseini estates’ involvement with King Faisal; Musa Kazem’s career 111–12; Amin in Damascus 170–1; Nabi Musa 189–203.

16
Herbert Samuel, arrival: Storrs 352–8 and 412–14. Stiffish character: Segev,
Palestine
155. Oyster: Schneer 122–6. Cold, dry: Lloyd George quoted in Grigg,
Lloyd George: War Leader
348. Wooden: Edward Keith-Roach,
Pasha of Jerusalem
73. Chaim Bermant,
The Cousinhood: The Anglo-Jewish Gentry
329–54. Politics: Krämer 213–24. Segev,
Palestine
91–9. Gilbert,
JTC
88. Samuel,
Memoirs
154–75. Luke and Keith-Roach,
Handbook of Palestine
86–101. Jabotinsky, revisionism: Shindler,
Military Zionism
50, 61–5, 85–92; Samuel and watering down of Balfourism 1–32. Political philosophy of evolution, socialist cooperation and move towards ruthless pragmatism, strongman of Zionism, articles in 1914 and 1920: Shindler,
History
21–35. Abu Zaida, ‘“A Miserable Provincial Town”’,
JQ
32, Autumn 2007.