i bc27f85be50b71b1 (272 page)

AJlI'ENDIX IV: PHARMACOLOGIC AGENTS

863

Generic name (trade name): Cimetidine (Tagamet, Tagamet HB),

cimendmc hydrochloride (Tagamet Hell, famoridine (Pepcld, Pepcid

AC. Pepcidtne ), nizatidine (Axid, Axid AR. Tazac), ranitidine

bismuth citrate (Tritec), ranitidine hydrochloride (Apo-Ranitidine,

Zamac)

Prown-pump inhibitors

IndicatIOns: Active duodenal ulcer, gastroesophageal reflux disease

Mech311lsm of action: Inhibit acid production

General side effects: Diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain, back pain,

constlpanon, dizZlI1css, headachc

Gcneric name (trade name): Lansopr3zole (Prevacid, Zeton),

omepra7ole (losee, Prilosec), rabeprazole sodium (Aciphex)

Misccllaneous antiulcer drugs

Indication: Prevemion of nonsteroid::!! anti-inflammatory drug-induced

gastric ulcer

Mechanism of action: Replace gastric prostaglandins depleted by

nons(eroidal anti-inflammatory drug therapy with a synthetic

prostaglandin analogue

General side effects: Ileadache, diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation

Generic name (trade name): Misoprostol (Cytmec)

Sources: D;ua from CD Ciccone. Gastrointestinal Drugs. In CO Ciccone (cd), Pharmacology In Reh3bihtatlon (2nd cd). Philadelphia: FA Davis. 1 996;390; Nursing 2001

Drug

(21st ed) Sprlnghollse PA: Sprmghouse, 2001 ;643--648, 684-694; and

L Skidmore-Roth (cd). Mosby'), Nurslllg Drug Reference. St. Louis: Mosby, 2001;3.

Table IV-20.A. Antidiarrheal Medications

Indicanon: Diarrhea

Mechanism of action: Decrease wacer absorption, inhibit peristaltic activity,

increase smooth muscle tone

General side effects: Nausea, :tbdominal discomforc, constipation, drowsiness, fatigue, dizziness, arrh)trhmia, tachycardia or bradycardia Generic name (trade name): Att:tpulgite (Diasorb, Donnagel, Fowler's, Kaopectate, K-Pek Parepectolm, Rheaban Maximum Strength), bismuth subsalicylate (Bismatral, Pepto-Bismol, Pink Bismuth), diphenoxylate hydrochloride and atropine sulfate (Logen, Lomanace, lomotil, Lonox), loperamide (lmodium, Kaopectate II Caplets, Maalox Antidiarrheal Caplets, Pepto Diarrhea Control). octreoride acetate (Sandostmin), opium tincture

Sources: 0313 from CD Ciccone. Gastroimesrin31 Drugs. In CD Ciccone (ed), Pharmacology 111 Rehabilitation (2nd cd). Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1 996;393; and Nursing 2001 Drug I landhook (2 1st ed) Springhouse, PA: Springhouse, 2001;653-672.

864

AClJfE CARE HANDBOOK FOR PHYSICAL THERAPISTS

Table 1V-20.B. Laxatives

Indications: Constipation; preparation of bowel for examination, surgery, or

both

Mechanism of action: Increase water retention in the stOol co increase bulk,

promote peristalsis

General side effecrs: Nausea, cramps, spastic colitis, diarrhea, fluid and

electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypokalemia), dehydration

Generic name (trade name): Bisacodyl (Bisacolax, Bisalax, Bisco-Lax, Dulcagen, Dulcolax, Durolax, Fleet Bisacodyl, Fleet Laxative), calcium polycarbophil (Equalactin, Fiberall, FiberCon, Fiber-Lax, Mitrolan), castOr oil ( Emulsoil, Fleet Flavored Castor Oil, Purge), docusare calcium (DC softgels, Pro-Cal-Sof, Sulfa-lax Calcium, Surfak), docusate sodium (Colace, Coloxyl, Diocro, Dioctyl, Dioeze, Oiosuccin, Disonate, Oi-Sosul, DOS, 0-S-S, Duosol, Fletcher's Enemerre, Modane Soft, Norgalax, Micro-enema,

Pro-Sof, Regulax SS, Regulex ), glycerin ( Fleet Sabylax, Sani-Supp), I.ctulose (Constilac, Constulose, Chronulac, Cephulac, Cholac, Duphalac, Enulose, Evalose, Heptalac, Lacrulax), magnesium citrate (Citroma, Citromag), magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia), magnesium sulfate (Epsom

salts), methylcellulose (Citrucel, Cologel), mineral oil ( Agoral, Nujol, Fleet

Enema Mineral Oil, Kondremul, Lansoyl, Liqui-Doss, Milkinol, Neo-Culrol, Petrogalar Plain), psyllium ( Fiberall, Genfiber, Hydrocil, Metamucil, RestOre, Serman, Siblin, Syllact, Unilax, V-Lax), senna (Senokot, Black

Draught, Fletcher's Castoria), phenolphthalein (Correctol, Ex-Lax, Feen-a

Mint), sodium phosphate ( Fleet Enema, Fleet Phospho-Soda)

Sources: Data from CD Ciccone. Gastrointestinal Drugs. In CD Ciccone (ed), Pharmacology in Rehabilitation (2nd ed). Philadelphia: FA Davis, 1 996;393; and Nursing 200 J Drug Handbook ( 2 1 st ed) Springhouse, PA: Springhouse, 200 1 ;653-672.

Table 1V-2 1 . Intranasal Steroids

Indication: Relief of seasonal or perennial rhinitis

Mechanism of action: Unknown, although inhibit cell (e.g., neutrophils) and

mediator (e.g., histamine) action in allergic and nonallergic inflammation

General side effects: Headache, dizziness, nervousness, nausea, vomiting,

throar or nasal soreness and dryness

Generic name ( trade name): Beclomethasone dipropionate (Beconase, Vancenase), budesonide (Rhinocorr), fluticasone propionate ( Flonase), momerasone furoate monohydrate (Nasonex), triamcinolone aceconide (Nasacort) Source: Data from Drug Facts and Comparisons 2000 (54th ed). St. Louis: Wolters

Kluwer, 2000.