in National Archives, Kew, HS 4/79.
19. See the eulogies in
Lidice: A Tribute by Members of the International P.E.N.
(London 1944),
Thomas Mann’s quotation on p. 90. On Mann’s
Lidice
, originally entitled
Der Protektor
, see
Uwe Naumann,
Faschismus als Groteske. Heinrich Manns Roman ‘Lidice’
(Worms, 1980). The
story of this operation and the subsequent annihilation of Lidice have also inspired count-
less post-war films, novels, plays and songs. The story of the assassination inspired films
such as
Attentat
(1964),
Operation Daybreak
(1975) and
The Assassination of Reinhard
Heydrich
(1991), as well as the song ‘A Lovely Day Tomorrow’ by the British rock band Sea
Power.
20. Thomas Mann,
Essays
, vol. 5:
Deutschland und die Deutschen 1938–1945
, ed. Hermann
Kurzke and Stephan Stachorski (Frankfurt, 1997), 185f. On the text’s dissemination as a
propaganda leaflet dropped behind German lines in September and October 1942, see ibid.,
373f. On Mann and Heydrich, see Hübinger, ‘Mann und Heydrich’, 111ff.
21. Beneš to Bartoš, as quoted in Mastny,
Czechs
, 217.
22. Less than two months later, on 29 September 1942, Czechoslovak Foreign Minister Jan
Masaryk received written assurance from the French government-in-exile that it, too,
considered the Munich Agreement null and void. See Jan Kuklík, ‘Oduznání mnichovské
dohody za druhé světové války’,
Historie a vojenství
46 (1997), 49–68; Jan Němećek, ‘Rok
1942 v ćeskoslovenském zahranićním odboji’, in
Rok 1942 v ćeském odboji. Sborník příspěvků
z vědecké konference
(Prague, 1999), 19–24.
23. Frank’s speech of October 1942, in National Archives, Prague, 114–6–8.
24. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, 265; Dennler,
Böhmische Passion
, 78–80. See the long list of informers and sums paid to them in exchange for information in Archive of the Ministry
of the Interior, Prague, 315–194–30.
25. MacDonald,
Killing
, 193ff. Čurda was arrested by the Czech authorities in 1945 and, after
an unsuccessful suicide attempt, was hanged in 1947 for high treason.
26. Berton ‘Attentat’, 694, n. 27; ‘Totenbuch des SS-Standortarztes Mauthausen’, 24 October
1942, in KZ-Gedenkstätte Mauthausen, AMM Y/46.
27. See Daluege’s ‘Führerbericht über den Mordanschlag auf SS-Obergruppenführer Heydrich’
(29 June 1942), in Archive of the Czech Ministry of the Interior, 301–5–4.
28. Berton, ‘Attentat’, 668ff.; Haasis,
Tod
, 152.
29. ‘Totenbuch des SS-Standortarztes Mauthausen’, 24 October 1942, in KZ-Gedenkstätte
Mauthausen, AMM Y/46.
30. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, 265; Mastny,
Czechs
, 220f.; MacDonald,
Killing
, 196; Frantiček
Schildberger,
Ležáky
(Hradec Králové, 1982).
31. See Geschke’s report on death sentences of 24 June 1942, in Archive of the Ministry of the
Interior, Prague, 301–5–4; see, too, Brandes, ‘Nationalsozialistische Tschechenpolitik’, 47;
Sládek, ‘Standrecht’, 332f.
32. See the report ‘Protectorate Background for Operations’, 14 August 1942, in National
Archives, Kew, HS 4/79. On the productivity of the Czech armaments industry until 1945,
see Vladimír Francev, ‘Panzerjäger – Program. Nový úkol pro protektorátní průmysl’, in
Válećný rok 1944
(Prague, 2002), 320ff.
350
N OT E S to pp. 286–90
33. Smith et al.,
Himmler: Geheimreden
, 146–61, here 159. That Himmler was deeply shaken by
Heydrich’s death is confirmed by Wolff ’s post-war testimony, in IfZ, ZS 317, f. 31. See, too,
Longerich,
Himmler
, 586ff. Kurt Daluege argued along similar lines when on 7 June
1942 he wrote in
Völkischer Beobachter
that Heydrich’s death had made the SS ‘even
more determined to exterminate those elements of the European underworld’ responsible
for the assassination, by which he meant the Jews.
Völkischer Beobachter
, 7 June 1942.
34. Longerich,
Himmler
, 586ff.; Christopher R. Browning,
The Path to Genocide: Essays on
Launching the Final Solution
(Cambridge, 1992), 169; see, too, Pohl,
Ostgalizien
.
35. Meetings between Himmler and Hitler took place on 27, 28, 30 and 31 May, as well as on
3, 4 and 5 June 1942. See Witte et al. (eds),
Dienstkalender
, 441–56; and Longerich,
Himmler
, 588ff.; Witte, ‘Two Decisions’, 333f.; Pohl,
Ostgalizien
, 204f.
36. The odd spelling of Heydrich’s first name with a ‘t’ has given rise to the somewhat curious
speculation that the genocidal operation in the General Government was not named
after the murdered Reich Protector and chief organizer of the ‘Final Solution’, but after
the State Secretary of Finance, Fritz Reinhardt, whose ministry administered the stolen
property of the murdered Jews. See: Robert Lewis Koehl,
German Resettlement and
Population Policy, 1939–1945: A History of the Reich Commission for the Strengthening
of Germandom
(Cambridge MA, 1957), 198. The confusion caused by the existence of
both spellings –
Aktion Reinhard
and
Aktion Reinhardt
– is easily explained. Throughout
the 1930s, Heydrich himself used both spellings for his first name. See: Peter Witte
and Stephen Tyas, ‘A New Document on the Deportation and Murder of Jews during
‘Einsatz Reinhard’ 1942’ in
Holocaust and Genocide Studies
15 (2001), 468–486, here 484,
note 41.
37. See Shlomo Aronson and Richard Breitmann, ‘Eine unbekannte Himmler-Rede vom
Januar 1943’,
VfZ
38 (1990), 337–48. See, too, Peter Black, ‘Die Trawniki-Männer und die
Aktion Reinhard’, in Bogdan Musial (ed.),
‘Aktion Reinhardt’. Der Völkermord an den Juden
im Generalgouvernement 1941–1944
(Osnabrück, 2004), 309–52; BAB, BDC, SSO
Reinhard Heydrich; see, too, the letter exchange between Himmler and Globocnik, 4 and
30 November 1943 and 5 January 1944, in BAB, NS 19/2234, also printed as part of 4024–
PS, in
IMT
, vol. 34, 68–71.
38. Goebbels,
Tagebücher
, part II, vol. 4, 432 (diary entry for 2 June 1942); Gottwald and
Schulle,
Judendeportationen
, 260ff.
39. Kárný,
Konećné řešení
, 153f. On the number of Jewish survivors, see Adler,
Theresienstadt
, 15.
40. Longerich,
Himmler
, 638f.; Juliane Wetzel, ‘Frankreich und Belgien’, in Benz (ed.),
Dimensionen des Völkermordes
, 105–35; Klarsfeld,
Vichy
, 379ff.; Longerich,
Himmler
, 590ff.
41. Brandes,
Tschechen
, vol. 1, 261.
42. Smith et al.,
Himmler: Geheimreden
, 146–61, here 159. See, too, Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 167f.
43. Schirach as quoted in Botz,
Wien
, 597f.
44. Bormann to Goebbels, 8 June 1942, in BAB, NS 19/1969.
45. Bryant,
Prague
, 173f. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 157.
46. Ibid., 359f., n. 10; Lower,
Nazi Empire-Building
, 177.
47. Heinemann,
‘Rasse’
, 162ff.
48. Wildt,
Generation
, 704.
49. Heydrich,
Kriegsverbrecher
, 123.
50. See Lina’s correspondence about the camp inmates in BAB, NS 19/18. Testimonies of
eyewitnesses and former slave labourers on the Heydrich estate, recorded in Prague after
1945, as quoted in Schwarz,
Frau an seiner Seite
, 211. See, too, Archive of the Ministry of
the Interior, Prague, 325–57–3; Jörg Skriebeleit, ‘Jungfern-Breschan’, in Benz and Distel,
Ort des Terrors
, vol. 4, 164ff.
51. Newspaper clipping with the announcement of Klaus’s death, in IfZ, Ed 450.
52. Gitta Sereny,
Das Ringen mit der Wahrheit. Albert Speer und das deutsche Trama
(Munich,
1995), 381f.; Lili Scholz,
‘Bis alles in Scherben fällt’. Tagebuchblätter 1933–1945
(2nd edn,
Hamburg, 2007), 415f. See, too, the letter published by Heydrich’s commanding officer,
Kurt Joachim Fischer, in
Der Spiegel
, 16 March 1950.
53. Interview with the author in March 2009. The theft theory was confirmed by a military
court case against Fischer on 28 December 1944. See Generallandesarchiv Halle, Sign.
465a/59/15/7492. I am grateful to Axel Huber for this reference.
N OT E S to pp. 290–1
351
54. On expulsions, see Benjamin Frommer,
National Cleansing: Retribution against Nazi
Collaborators in Postwar Czechoslovakia
(Cambridge, 2005).
55. The fate of Elisabeth Heydrich according to her grandson, Heider Heydrich, in an inter-
view with the author in March 2009.
56. Heydrich,
Kriegsverbrecher
, 154f.; and Werner Maser’s commentary on 201f.
57. See the extensive documentation in IfZ, Ed 450 II. See, too, Uwe Danker, ‘NS-Opfer und
Täter. Versorgung mit zweierlei Mass. Lina Heydrich und Dr. Norbert L. mit
Rentenangelegenheiten vor Gericht’,
Demokratische Geschichte. Jahrbuch zur Arbeiterbewegung
und Demokratie in Schleswig-Holstein
10 (1996), 277–305.
58.
Jasmin
4/69.
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